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FcγR Genetic Variation and HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy: Context And Considerations

Lassaunière, Ria ; Tiemessen, Caroline T.

Frontiers Media SA ; 2021

In: Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-15)

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In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-15)

Abstract: Receptors for the crystallisable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), link the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response, providing a diverse armamentarium of antimicrobial effector functions. Findings from HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials highlight the need for further study of Fc-FcR interactions in understanding what may constitute vaccine-induced protective immunity. These include host genetic correlates identified within the low affinity Fcγ-receptor locus in three HIV-1 efficacy trials – VAX004, RV144, and HVTN 505. This perspective summarizes our present knowledge of FcγR genetics in the context of findings from HIV-1 efficacy trials, and draws on genetic variation described in other contexts, such as mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission and HIV-1 disease progression, to explore the potential contribution of FcγR variability in modulating different HIV-1 vaccine efficacy outcomes. Appreciating the complexity and the importance of the collective contribution of variation within the FCGR gene locus is important for understanding the role of FcγRs in protection against HIV-1 acquisition.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1664-3224

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788203

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8

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Infection, recovery and re-infection of farmed mink with SARS-CoV-2

Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun ; Fonager, Jannik ; Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2021

In: PLOS Pathogens Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. e1010068-

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In: PLOS Pathogens, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. e1010068-

Abstract: Mink, on a farm with about 15,000 animals, became infected with SARS-CoV-2. Over 75% of tested animals were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in throat swabs and 100% of tested animals were seropositive. The virus responsible had a deletion of nucleotides encoding residues H69 and V70 within the spike protein gene as well as the A22920T mutation, resulting in the Y453F substitution within this protein, seen previously in mink. The infected mink recovered and after free-testing of 300 mink (a level giving 93% confidence of detecting a 1% prevalence), the animals remained seropositive. During further follow-up studies, after a period of more than 2 months without any virus detection, over 75% of tested animals again scored positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Whole genome sequencing showed that the viruses circulating during this re-infection were most closely related to those identified in the first outbreak on this farm but additional sequence changes had occurred. Animals had much higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum samples after the second round of infection than at free-testing or during recovery from initial infection, consistent with a boosted immune response. Thus, it was concluded that following recovery from an initial infection, seropositive mink were readily re-infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1553-7374

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.g003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010068.s003

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205412-1

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Neutralisation titres against SARS-CoV-2 are sustained 6 months after onset of symptoms in individuals with mild COVID-19

Underwood, Alexander P. ; Sølund, Christina ; Fernandez-Antunez, Carlota ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2021

In: eBioMedicine Vol. 71 ( 2021-09), p. 103519-

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In: eBioMedicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 71 ( 2021-09), p. 103519-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2352-3964

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103519

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2799017-5

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Preclinical evaluation of a candidate naked plasmid DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Lassaunière, Ria ; Polacek, Charlotta ; Gram, Gregers J. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021

In: npj Vaccines Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2021-12-20)

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In: npj Vaccines, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2021-12-20)

Abstract: New generation plasmid DNA vaccines may be a safe, fast and simple emergency vaccine platform for preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. Applying platform optimization strategies, we tested the pre-clinical immunogenicity and protective effect of a candidate DNA plasmid vaccine specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The DNA vaccine induced spike-specific binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies in mice, rabbits, and rhesus macaques together with robust Th1 dominant cellular responses in small animals. Intradermal and intramuscular needle-free administration of the DNA vaccine yielded comparable immune responses. In a vaccination-challenge study of rhesus macaques, the vaccine demonstrated protection from viral replication in the lungs following intranasal and intratracheal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, the candidate plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is immunogenic in different models and confers protection against lung infection in nonhuman primates. Further evaluation of this DNA vaccine candidate in clinical trials is warranted.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2059-0105

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00419-z

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2882262-6

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Human polyomaviruses, WU and KI in HIV exposed children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitals in South Africa

Venter, Marietjie ; Visser, Adele ; Lassauniere, Ria

Elsevier BV ; 2009

In: Journal of Clinical Virology Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 2009-3), p. 230-234

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In: Journal of Clinical Virology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 2009-3), p. 230-234

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1386-6532

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.12.007

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2009

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499932-8

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Fcγ Receptor Functional Variability Impacts on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1

Lassauniere, Ria ; Gray, Glenda E. ; Kuhn, Louise ; [et al.]

Mary Ann Liebert Inc ; 2014

In: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses Vol. 30, No. S1 ( 2014-10), p. A89-A90

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In: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Mary Ann Liebert Inc, Vol. 30, No. S1 ( 2014-10), p. A89-A90

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0889-2229 , 1931-8405

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5164.abstract

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Publication Date: 2014

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475767-9

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Household transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Denmark

Lyngse, Frederik Plesner ; Mortensen, Laust Hvas ; Denwood, Matthew J. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022

In: Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-09-23)

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In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-09-23)

Abstract: In late 2021, the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant overtook the previously dominant Delta variant, but the extent to which this transition was driven by immune evasion or a change in the inherent transmissibility is currently unclear. We estimate SARS-CoV-2 transmission within Danish households during December 2021. Among 26,675 households (8,568 with the Omicron VOC), we identified 14,140 secondary infections within a 1–7-day follow-up period. The secondary attack rate was 29% and 21% in households infected with Omicron and Delta, respectively. For Omicron, the odds of infection were 1.10 (95%-CI: 1.00-1.21) times higher for unvaccinated, 2.38 (95%-CI: 2.23-2.54) times higher for fully vaccinated and 3.20 (95%-CI: 2.67-3.83) times higher for booster-vaccinated contacts compared to Delta. We conclude that the transition from Delta to Omicron VOC was primarily driven by immune evasiveness and to a lesser extent an inherent increase in the basic transmissibility of the Omicron variant.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2041-1723

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33328-3

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0

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Mutations that adapt SARS-CoV-2 to mink or ferret do not increase fitness in the human airway

Zhou, Jie ; Peacock, Thomas P. ; Brown, Jonathan C. ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2022

In: Cell Reports Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2022-02), p. 110344-

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In: Cell Reports, Elsevier BV, Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2022-02), p. 110344-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2211-1247

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110344

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649101-1

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Protective efficacy of a polyvalent influenza A DNA vaccine against both homologous (H1N1pdm09) and heterologous (H5N1) challenge in the ferret model

Guilfoyle, Kate ; Major, Diane ; Skeldon, Sarah ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2021

In: Vaccine Vol. 39, No. 34 ( 2021-08), p. 4903-4913

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In: Vaccine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 39, No. 34 ( 2021-08), p. 4903-4913

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0264-410X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.062

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468474-3

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Rapid and Flexible RT-qPCR Surveillance Platforms To Detect SARS-CoV-2 Mutations

Spiess, Katja ; Gunalan, Vithiagaran ; Marving, Ellinor ; [et al.]

American Society for Microbiology ; 2023

In: Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-02-14)

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In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-02-14)

Abstract: Multiple mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) increase transmission, disease severity, and immune evasion and facilitate zoonotic or anthropozoonotic infections. Four such mutations, ΔH69/V70, L452R, E484K, and N501Y, occurred in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in combinations that allow the simultaneous detection of VOCs. Here, we present two flexible reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) platforms for small- and large-scale screening (also known as variant PCR) to detect these mutations and schemes for adapting the platforms to future mutations. The large-scale RT-qPCR platform was validated by pairwise matching of RT-qPCR results with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) consensus genomes, showing high specificity and sensitivity. Both platforms are valuable examples of complementing WGS to support the rapid detection of VOCs. Our mutational signature approach served as an important intervention measure for the Danish public health system to detect and delay the emergence of new VOCs. IMPORTANCE Denmark weathered the SARS-CoV-2 crisis with relatively low rates of infection and death. Intensive testing strategies with the aim of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and nonsymptomatic individuals were available by establishing a national test system called TestCenter Denmark. This testing regime included the detection of SARS-CoV-2 signature mutations, with referral to the national health system, thereby delaying outbreaks of variants of concern. Our study describes the design of the large-scale RT-qPCR platform established at TestCenter Denmark in conjunction with whole-genome sequencing to report mutations of concern to the national health system. Validation of the large-scale RT-qPCR platform using paired WGS consensus genomes showed high sensitivity and specificity. For smaller laboratories with limited infrastructure, we developed a flexible small-scale RT-qPCR platform to detect three signature mutations in a single run. The RT-qPCR platforms are important tools to support the control of the SARS-CoV-2 endemic in Denmark.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2165-0497

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03591-22

Language: English

Publisher: American Society for Microbiology

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5

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