In:
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 289, No. 6 ( 2005-12), p. R1609-R1617
Abstract:
We have previously demonstrated that remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by instigation of three cycles of 10-min occlusion/reperfusion in a hindlimb of the pig elicits an early phase of infarct protection in local and distant skeletal muscles subjected to 4 h of ischemia immediately after remote IPC. The aim of this project was to test our hypothesis that hindlimb remote IPC also induces a late phase of infarct protection in skeletal muscle and that K ATP channels play a pivotal role in the trigger and mediator mechanisms. We observed that pig bilateral latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flaps sustained 46 ± 2% infarction when subjected to 4 h of ischemia/48 h of reperfusion. The late phase of infarct protection appeared at 24 h and lasted up to 72 h after hindlimb remote IPC. The LD muscle infarction was reduced to 28 ± 3, 26 ± 1, 23 ± 2, 24 ± 2 and 24 ± 4% at 24, 28, 36, 48 and 72 h after remote IPC, respectively ( P 〈 0.05; n = 8). In subsequent studies, hindlimb remote IPC or intravenous injection of the sarcolemmal K ATP (sK ATP ) channel opener P-1075 (2 μg/kg) at 24 h before 4 h of sustained ischemia (i.e., late preconditioning) reduced muscle infarction from 43 ± 4% (ischemic control) to 24 ± 2 and 19 ± 3%, respectively ( P 〈 0.05, n = 8). Intravenous injection of the sK ATP channel inhibitor HMR 1098 (6 mg/kg) or the nonspecific K ATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide (Glib; 1 mg/kg) at 10 min before remote IPC completely blocked the infarct- protective effect of remote IPC in LD muscle flaps subjected to 4 h of sustained ischemia at 24 h after remote IPC. Intravenous bolus injection of the mitochondrial K ATP (mK ATP ) channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; 5 mg/kg) immediately before remote IPC and 30-min intravenous infusion of 5-HD (5 mg/kg) during remote IPC did not affect the infarct-protective effect of remote IPC in LD muscle flaps. However, intravenous Glib or 5-HD, but not HMR 1098, given 24 h after remote IPC completely blocked the late infarct-protective effect of remote IPC in LD muscle flaps. None of these drug treatments affected the infarct size of control LD muscle flaps. The late phase of infarct protection was associated with a higher ( P 〈 0.05) muscle content of ATP at the end of 4 h of ischemia and 1.5 h of reperfusion and a lower ( P 〈 0.05) neutrophilic activity at the end of 1.5 h of reperfusion compared with the time-matched control. In conclusion, these findings support our hypothesis that hindlimb remote IPC induces an uninterrupted long (48 h) late phase of infarct protection, and sK ATP and mK ATP channels play a central role in the trigger and mediator mechanism, respectively.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0363-6119
,
1522-1490
DOI:
10.1152/ajpregu.00395.2005
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Physiological Society
Publication Date:
2005
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1477297-8
SSG:
12
Bookmarklink
