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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonpharmacological Interventions for Pediatric Migraine: A Network Meta-analysis
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 2021
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 147, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01)
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 147, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01)
    Abstract: Migraine is a common neurologic disorder in children and adolescents. However, a comparison of multiple nonpharmacological treatments is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether nonpharmacological treatments are more effective than waiting list and whether there are differences between interventions regarding efficacy. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies in Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO published through August 5, 2019. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological treatments in children and adolescents diagnosed with episodic migraine. DATA EXTRACTION: Effect sizes, calculated as standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the primary outcome efficacy, were assessed in a random-effects model. RESULTS: Twelve studies (N = 576) were included. When interventions were classified into groups on the basis of similarity of treatment components, self-administered treatments, biofeedback, relaxation, psychological treatments, and psychological placebos were significantly more effective than waiting list with effect sizes ranging between SMD = 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 2.19) for long-term psychological placebos to SMD = 1.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 2.62) for short-term self-administered treatments. However, when all interventions were examined individually (ie, 1 node per intervention), none were significantly more effective compared with waiting list, mainly because of lack of statistical power. LIMITATIONS: Because of our focus on pediatric migraine, only a small number of studies could be included. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that components of nonpharmacological interventions are effective in treating pediatric migraine. Some effects have to be interpreted carefully because they are based on small studies. Future researchers should identify factors associated with individual responses in large, multicentered studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-4107
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Primary care providers' use of and attitudes towards placebos: An exploratory focus group study with US physicians
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Health Psychology Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2020-09), p. 596-614
    Details
    In: British Journal of Health Psychology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2020-09), p. 596-614
    Abstract: To examine how primary care physicians define placebo concepts, use placebos in clinical practice, and view open‐label placebos (OLPs). Design Semi‐structured focus groups that were audio‐recorded and content‐coded. Methods Two focus groups with a total of 15 primary care physicians occurred at medical centres in the New England region of the United States. Prior experience using placebo treatments and attitudes towards open‐label placebos were explored. Themes were analysed using an inductive data‐driven approach. Results Physicians displayed a nuanced understanding of placebos and placebo effects in clinical contexts which sometimes focused on relational factors. Some respondents reported that they prescribed treatments with no known pharmacological effect for certain conditions and symptoms (‘impure placebos’) and that such prescriptions were more common for pain disorders, functional disorders, and medically unexplained symptoms. Opinions about OLP were mixed: Some viewed OLPs favourably or considered them ‘harmless’; however, others strongly rejected OLPs as disrespectful to patients. Other issues in relation to OLPs included the following: lack of guidelines, legal and reputational concerns, and the notion that such treatments would run counter to customary medical practice. Conclusions A number of physicians reported prescribing impure placebos in clinical care. Although some primary care physicians were resistant to the possibility of recommending OLPs, others regarded OLPs more favourably, viewing them as potential treatments, albeit with restricted potential. Statement of contribution What is already known? Many physicians report prescribing drugs for the purposes of eliciting a placebo effect. Initial evidence for the efficacy of open‐label placebos is promising. What does this study add? A more nuanced description of the circumstances under which primary care physicians report placebo prescribing. A qualitative account of physician attitudes about using open‐label placebos in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-107X , 2044-8287
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.v25.3
    DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12429
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026500-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
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    ‘It's not my greengrocer, it's someone from the medical profession’: A qualitative study regarding acceptability of deceptive and open‐label placebo prescribing in France
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  British Journal of Health Psychology Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2023-05), p. 273-290
    Details
    In: British Journal of Health Psychology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2023-05), p. 273-290
    Abstract: To explore participants' views regarding clinical use of deceptive placebo (DP) and open‐label placebo (OLP) treatments. Design Qualitative thematic analysis. Methods We conducted eight semi‐structured interviews with healthy participants in an experimental trial comparing the efficacy of OLP and DP (Clinical trials n°NCT03934138). Interviewees' opinions were solicited following administration of placebos during the trial. Interviews were analysed using data‐driven analysis. Results We identified three themes. First, participants considered trust central in judging a placebo treatment to be acceptable. They expressed the importance of an implicit trust both in their health care professionals' (HCPs') competency as well as in the profession at large. A second theme was the perception of how placebo treatments might solve health problems. Acceptability of both types of placebo treatments was dependent on the perception patients had about the treatment solving their problem and/or doubts regarding the effectiveness of placebos The third theme encompassed perceived risks associated with placebo prescribing. Some comments viewed placebos positively as facilitating reduced medication intake. However, participants also identified the potential of placebos to generate adverse side effects. Conclusions Treatment acceptability by patients is a pre‐requisite, alongside effectiveness, to harness OLPs in clinical care. Our study identified the importance of trust in HCPs prescribing placebos, the clinical effectiveness of placebos and the potential risks of these interventions in assessing their acceptability. Future research is needed to explore the contexts in which placebos might be used, and how best to communicate information about placebo interventions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-107X , 2044-8287
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.v28.2
    DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12624
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026500-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    How to address the placebo response in the prescription SSRIs and SNRIs in children and adolescents
    Informa UK Limited ; 2018
    In:  Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2018-06-03), p. 537-540
    Details
    In: Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2018-06-03), p. 537-540
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1474-0338 , 1744-764X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1475558
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2114527-1
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Placebos Are Part of the Solution, Not the Problem. An Exemplification of the Case of Antidepressants in Pediatric Chronic Pain Conditions
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 10 ( 2020-1-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2020-1-21)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00998
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 6
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    Psychotherapy: A World of Meanings
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 10 ( 2019-3-22)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2019-3-22)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00460
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 7
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    The good treatment: a biopsychosocioethical proposition
    University of Buckingham Press ; 2020
    In:  European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2020-08-18), p. 201-
    Details
    In: European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, University of Buckingham Press, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2020-08-18), p. 201-
    Abstract: While there is undisputedly a great need to establish, maintain, evaluate, provide and disseminate good treatments, the consensus as to what constitutes a good treatment is far less established. Here, we deconstruct the phrase into its components, seeking to describe definitory elements of both what is to be considered a treatment and how this could be good. Thereby, we identify deliberateness in the context of an adequately empathic and humane relationship as being at the core of a good treatment. Thus, care becomes treatment when provided deliberately and treatment becomes good, when provided deliberately with care. Since this understanding encompasses biological, psychological and social treatment constituents in the context of ethical considerations, we propose a ‘biopsychosocioethical’ model for treatment as a conceptual frame, which is centred on a shared understanding of what should be achieved by the treatment and how this is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-5656 , 2052-5648
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5750/ejpch.v8i2
    DOI: 10.5750/ejpch.v8i2.1843
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of Buckingham Press
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
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    Lay perspectives of the open-label placebo rationale: a qualitative study of participants in an experimental trial
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  BMJ Open Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. e053346-
    Details
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. e053346-
    Abstract: To analyse participants’ concepts about the open-label placebo (OLP) effect; to explore their views about the discussion points that are applied in conventional OLP trials and to examine their experiences of taking part in an OLP trial. Design A qualitative study using thematic analysis of semistructured interviews that were nested within a randomised controlled trial investigating experimental OLP analgesia (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02578420 ). Participants 30 healthy adults who took part in the randomised controlled trial. Results Participants mostly conceptualised placebo as something that is inert and requires deception in order to be effective. Interviewees used a broad definition of placebos, going beyond a conventional notion of sugar pills. In contrast to the conventional OLP rationale, participants seldom emphasised classical conditioning as a mechanism of placebo effects, stressing a variety of other well-established components through which placebos might be therapeutic, whereas the conventional OLP disclosures state that ‘a positive attitude helps but is not necessary’, participants in our study applied other attitudes, such as ‘it’s worth a try’. When asked about their experiences during the trial, the majority emphasised that the concept of OLP was completely novel to them. Participants were rather sceptical about the efficacy of the intervention. Conclusion Integrating lay perspectives into the scientific rationale of OLP treatments might enhance the plausibility and credibility of the rationale in ethical treatments. Trial registration number NCT02578420 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053346
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599832-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Effects and Components of Placebos with a Psychological Treatment Rationale – Three Randomized-Controlled Studies
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-02-05)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-02-05)
    Abstract: In recent years, placebos have evolved from a mean to control for ‘therapeutic chaff’ to something that has clinically relevant effects with biological underpinning and that is considered to have clinical as well as scientific potential. However, the wealth of scientific placebo research is conceptualized in a biomedical context, i.e. based on placebos provided with a biomedical treatment rationale, whereas little is known about effects and mechanisms of placebos provided with a psychological treatment rationale. This has important repercussions not only on placebo research, but also on attempts to establish specificity of psychological interventions, such as psychotherapy. Therefore, we set out to assess the effects and possible components of placebos provided with a psychological treatment rationale in three experiments on healthy subjects. We show that placebos provided with a psychological treatment rationale are effective in short- as well as mid-term, but only when provided by a trustworthy, friendly and empathetic experimenter. These findings indicate that placebos are effective outside the medical context and thus need be controlled for in non-medical trials. Furthermore, it highlights and confirms the importance of a plausible psychological treatment rationale in the context of a therapeutic alliance for psychological interventions, such as psychotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37945-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 10
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    Imaginary pills and open-label placebos can reduce test anxiety by means of placebo mechanisms
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-02-14)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-02-14)
    Abstract: Placebos have been shown to be beneficial for various conditions even if administered with full transparency. Hence, so-called open-label placebos (OLPs) offer a new way to harness placebo effects ethically. To take this concept one step further, this study aimed at evaluating placebo effects without the use of a physical placebo, i.e., by imagining taking a pill. Healthy students ( N  = 173) with self-reported test anxiety were either randomized to an imaginary pill (IP; n = 55), an OLP (n = 59) or a control group (CG; n = 59). Both intervention groups were instructed to take two pills daily for three weeks. Primary outcome was test anxiety, secondary outcomes were sleep quality, general well-being and test performance. Groups test anxiety differed at study-endpoint, F (2,169) = 11.50, p   〈  .001. Test anxiety was lower in the intervention groups compared to the CG, t (169) = − 4.44, p   〈  .001, d  = − 0.71. The interventions did not differ significantly, i.e., both were similarly efficacious, t (169) = 0.61, p  = .540, d  = 0.11. The interaction between group and time in explaining test anxiety was significant, F (5,407.93) = 6.13, p   〈  .001. OLPs and IPs reduced test anxiety in healthy participants compared to the CG. This finding opens the door for a novel and ethical method to harness placebo effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29624-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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