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Parent-offspring regression to estimate the heritability of an HIV-1 trait in a realistic setup

Bachmann, Nadine ; the Swiss HIV Cohort Study ; Turk, Teja ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017

In: Retrovirology Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2017-12)

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In: Retrovirology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2017-12)

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1742-4690

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0356-3

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142602-8

SSG: 12

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Prescription of Postexposure Prophylaxis for HIV-1 in the Emergency Room: Correct Transmission Risk Assessment Remains Challenging

Marzel, Alex ; Heinrich, Henriette ; Schilliger, Lukas ; [et al.]

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2017

In: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol. 74, No. 4 ( 2017-04-1), p. 359-366

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In: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 74, No. 4 ( 2017-04-1), p. 359-366

Abstract: Limited data are available about the accuracy of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) prescription in the emergency rooms. Here, we evaluated PEP prescription decision making with respect to the risk of sexual HIV transmission and the exposed person's fear vis-à-vis HIV. Methods: Using a risk assessment algorithm, we retrospectively evaluated the adequacy of PEP prescription for all persons presenting at the emergency room of the University Hospital Zurich after consensual sex from 2007 to 2013. We used logistic regression to identify factors that correlate with risk-concordant and risk-discordant decisions. Results: We documented 975 persons with a total of 1051 visits for PEP: 83% were men, 71% were Swiss, and 37% were men who have sex with men. In 74% of visits, the decisions were concordant with the risk evaluation algorithm (22% discordant, 4% unknown). In 61% (644/1051) PEP was prescribed; however, in 12% (76/644) the prescriptions were without indication of HIV transmission risk and were attributed to the exposed person's request. Importantly, in 10% (101/1051) of all visits, there were potential risks but PEP was not prescribed, either because of physician's decision or exposed person's refusal. The presence of the source partner strongly correlated with appropriately withholding PEP (adjusted odds ratio for giving PEP 0.05; 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.08). Conclusions: We found that 22% of PEP decisions were risk discordant because of exposed person's request, incorrect estimation of the sexual transmission risk by the physician, or exposed person's refusal to accept PEP. Emergency physicians may benefit from specialized risk assessment training and patients from education in HIV transmission risk awareness.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1525-4135

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001265

RVK:

XA 10000

RVK:

XA 51942

Language: English

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038673-4

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The Schulthess local Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (SAR): cohort profile

Marzel, Alex ; Schwyzer, Hans-Kaspar ; Kolling, Christoph ; [et al.]

BMJ ; 2020

In: BMJ Open Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. e040591-

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In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. e040591-

Abstract: Clinical registries are essential for evaluation of surgical outcomes. The Schulthess Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (SAR) was established in 2006 to evaluate safety, function, quality-of-life and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. Participants Adult patients undergoing anatomic or reverse shoulder joint replacement at the Schulthess Klinik, a high-volume, leading orthopaedic surgery centre in Zürich, Switzerland. Findings to date Between March 2006 and December 2019, the registry covered 98% of eligible operations. Overall, 2332 patients were enrolled with a total of 2796 operations and 11 147 person-years of follow-up. Mean age at baseline was 71 (range: 20–95), 65% were women. Most common indication was rotator cuff tears with osteoarthritis (42%) and the mean preoperative Constant Score was 31 (±15). The most frequent arthroplasty type was reverse, increasing from 61% in 2006–2010 to 86% in 2015–2019. Functional recovery peaked at 12-month postoperatively and did not show a clinically relevant deterioration during the first ten follow-up years. Since its establishment, the registry was used to address multiple pertinent clinical and methodological questions. Primary focus was on comparing different implant configurations (eg, glenosphere diameter) and surgical techniques (eg, latissimus dorsi transfer) to maximise functional recovery. Additionally, the cohort contributed to the determination of the clinical relevance and validity of radiological monitoring of cortical bone resorption and scapular notching. Finally, SAR data helped to demonstrate that returning to sports was among key patient expectations after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Future plans As first patients are approaching the 15 years follow-up landmark, the registry will continue providing essential data on long-term functional outcomes, implant stability, revision rates and aetiologies as well as patient satisfaction and quality-of-life. In addition to research and quality-control, the cohort data will be brought back to the patients by bolstering real-time clinical decision support.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040591

Language: English

Publisher: BMJ

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599832-8

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Unsupervised machine learning predicts future sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among HIV-positive men who have sex with men

Andresen, Sara ; Balakrishna, Suraj ; Mugglin, Catrina ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022

In: PLOS Computational Biology Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2022-10-27), p. e1010559-

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In: PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2022-10-27), p. e1010559-

Abstract: Machine learning is increasingly introduced into medical fields, yet there is limited evidence for its benefit over more commonly used statistical methods in epidemiological studies. We introduce an unsupervised machine learning framework for longitudinal features and evaluate it using sexual behaviour data from the last 20 years from over 3’700 participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). We use hierarchical clustering to find subgroups of men who have sex with men in the SHCS with similar sexual behaviour up to May 2017, and apply regression to test whether these clusters enhance predictions of sexual behaviour or sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) after May 2017 beyond what can be predicted with conventional parameters. We find that behavioural clusters enhance model performance according to likelihood ratio test, Akaike information criterion and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for all outcomes studied, and according to Bayesian information criterion for five out of ten outcomes, with particularly good performance for predicting future sexual behaviour and recurrent STIs. We thus assess a methodology that can be used as an alternative means for creating exposure categories from longitudinal data in epidemiological models, and can contribute to the understanding of time-varying risk factors.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1553-7358

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.g003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.t003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.s003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.r001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.r002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.r003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.r004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.r005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010559.r006

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193340-6

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Lateralized vs. classic Grammont-style reverse shoulder arthroplasty for cuff deficiency Hamada stage 1-3: does the design make a difference?

Freislederer, Florian ; Toft, Felix ; Audigé, Laurent ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2022

In: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 341-351

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In: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Elsevier BV, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 341-351

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1058-2746

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.022

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2046901-9

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Lateralized Vs Non Lateralized Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty For Advanced Cuff Tear Arthropathy Hamada 4 And 5 With Glenohumeral Arthritis

Freislederer, Florian ; Toft, Felix ; Marzel, Alex ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2022

In: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Vol. 31, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. e151-e152

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In: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Elsevier BV, Vol. 31, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. e151-e152

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1058-2746

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.01.055

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2046901-9

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Dually Active HIV/HBV Antiretrovirals as Protection Against Incident Hepatitis B Infections: Potential for Prophylaxis

Shilaih, Mohaned ; Marzel, Alex ; Scherrer, Alexandra U. ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016

In: Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 214, No. 4 ( 2016-08-15), p. 599-606

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In: Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 214, No. 4 ( 2016-08-15), p. 599-606

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw195

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2016

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0

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Antiretroviral Drugs Associated With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in the Swiss Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort Study

Kovari, Helen ; Calmy, Alexandra ; Doco-Lecompte, Thanh ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019

In: Clinical Infectious Diseases ( 2019-04-08)

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In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2019-04-08)

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz283

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002229-3

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Differences in Social and Mental Well-Being of Long-Term Survivors among People who Inject Drugs and Other Participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: 1980–2018

Kusejko, Katharina ; Marzel, Alex ; Nguyen, Huyen ; [et al.]

SAGE Publications ; 2020

In: Antiviral Therapy Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 43-54

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In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 43-54

Abstract: People living with HIV who were diagnosed before highly active antiretroviral therapy became available in 1996 and who survived at least 15 years after HIV diagnosis, termed long-term survivors (LTS), form a particularly vulnerable population. We study social, clinical and mental factors of LTS in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, with a particular focus on people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods We quantified differences between PWID LTS, and men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual (HET) LTS. Using phylogenetic methods, we distinguished between heterosexual LTS who most likely shared a social network with PWID at the time of infection, termed clusteredHET, and those who did not, termed HET not clustered (HETnc). The analysis was performed using data collected at least 15 years post diagnosis. Results Overall, 1,663 of 5,686 (29.2%) PWID were LTS. We found significant differences between PWID LTS and MSM/HETnc LTS regarding self-reported depression (59.4% versus 43.3%; odds ratio [OR]=1.8; P 〈 0.001), incarceration (30.6% versus 7.0%; OR=6.9; P 〈 0.001) and full work ability (25.4% versus 59.0%; OR=0.27; P 〈 0.001). ClusteredHET were less vulnerable with respect to these variables than PWID LTS but more at risk compared with MSM/HETnc LTS, indicating that clusteredHET are closer to PWID with regard to social and mental aspects compared with all MSM/HETnc. Conclusions Even more than 15 years post HIV diagnosis, special care for HIV-positive PWID is needed, with emphasis on mental health and social integration of PWID LTS.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3851/IMP3347

Language: English

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X

SSG: 15,3

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Effect of Monthly High‐Dose Vitamin D on Mental Health in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis of a RCT

Gugger, Alenka ; Marzel, Alex ; Orav, E. John ; [et al.]

Wiley ; 2019

In: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol. 67, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 1211-1217

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In: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Wiley, Vol. 67, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 1211-1217

Abstract: To test the effect of monthly high‐dose vitamin D supplementation on mental health in pre‐frail older adults. DESIGN Ancillary study of a 1‐year double‐blind randomized clinical trial conducted in Zurich, Switzerland. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 200 community‐dwelling adults 70 years and older with a prior fall event in the last year. Participants were randomized to receive 24 000 IU vitamin D 3 (considered standard of care), 60 000 IU vitamin D 3 , or 24 000 IU vitamin D 3 plus 300 μg calcifediol per month. MEASURES The primary end point was the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the SF‐36. Secondary end points were the SF‐36 Mental Health (MH) subscale and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). RESULTS Participants’ mean age was 78 years (67% women), and 58% were vitamin D deficient ( 〈 20 ng/mL). Over time, primary and secondary end points did not differ significantly among the three treatment groups or in subgroups by vitamin D status at baseline. Given the lack of a true placebo group, we explored in a predefined observational analysis the change in mental health scales by achieved 25(OH)D levels at 12 months. After adjusting for confounders, participants achieving the highest 25(OH)D quartile (Q) at 12 months (44.7‐98.9 ng/mL) had the greatest improvements in MCS (Q4 = 0.79 vs Q1 = −2.9; p = .03) and MH scales (Q4 = 2.54 vs Q1 = −3.07; p = .03); these associations were strongest among participants who were vitamin D deficient at baseline. No association was found for GDS ( p = .89). CONCLUSIONS For mental health, our study suggests no benefit of higher monthly doses of vitamin D 3 compared with the standard monthly dose of 24 000 IU. However, irrespective of vitamin D treatment dose, achieving higher 25(OH)D levels at 12‐month follow‐up was associated with a small, clinically uncertain but statistically significant improvement in mental health scores.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0002-8614 , 1532-5415

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1111/jgs.2019.67.issue-6

DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15808

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040494-3

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