In:
eLife, eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, Vol. 7 ( 2018-06-19)
Abstract:
The most internal part of the human ear, the inner ear, is essential for us to hear and have a sense of balance. It is formed by a complex series of connected cavities filled by a liquid. When sound waves and changes in the position of the body make this liquid move, specialized ‘hair’ cells can detect these subtle movements; neurons then relay this information to the brain where it is decoded and interpreted. For the inner ear to work properly, the body needs to finely regulate the pressure created by the liquid inside the cavities. For example, people with unstable pressure in their ears can experience deafness or problems with balance. A structure known as the endolymphatic sac, which is a balloon-like chamber connected to the rest of the inner ear by a thin tube, helps with this regulation. However, scientists are still unsure about how exactly the sac performs its role. One problem is that the inner ear is difficult to study because it is encased in one of the densest bones in the body. Many other animals also have inner ears, from fish to birds and mammals. Here, Swinburne et al. examine the inner ear of zebrafish embryos because, in this fish, the ear starts working before the bones around it form; the structure is therefore accessible for injections and microscopy. Experiments show that when the pressure in the inner ear rises, the endolymphatic sac slowly fills up with the ear liquid, and then it rapidly deflates. Fish with mutations that stop the sac from deflating have overinflated sacs, which is a symptom also found in certain patients with hearing and balance disorders. Looking into the details of these inflation-deflation cycles, Swinburne et al. found that the cells that form the sac have gaps between them, unlike a normal sheet of cells. A flap covers these gaps to keep the liquid in, but under pressure, the flap opens and the liquid can escape. These results show that the endolymphatic sac works as a pressure relief valve for the inner ear. Ultimately, understanding how pressure is regulated in the ear could help patients with inner ear disorders. It could also serve as a template to investigate how eyes, kidneys and the brain, which all have liquid-filled cavities, control their internal pressure.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2050-084X
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.001
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.002
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.003
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.004
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.005
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.006
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.007
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.008
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.009
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.010
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.011
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.012
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.013
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.014
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.015
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.016
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.017
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.018
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.019
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.020
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.021
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.022
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.023
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.024
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.025
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.026
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.030
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37131.031
Language:
English
Publisher:
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Publication Date:
2018
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2687154-3
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