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An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia

Rasmussen, Morten ; Guo, Xiaosen ; Wang, Yong ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2011

In: Science Vol. 334, No. 6052 ( 2011-10-07), p. 94-98

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In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 334, No. 6052 ( 2011-10-07), p. 94-98

Abstract: We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1126/science.1211177

RVK:

TA 1000

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Publication Date: 2011

detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0

SSG: 11

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A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia

Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo ; Westaway, Michael C. ; Muller, Craig ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016

In: Nature Vol. 538, No. 7624 ( 2016-10-13), p. 207-214

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In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 538, No. 7624 ( 2016-10-13), p. 207-214

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/nature18299

RVK:

TA 1000

RVK:

UA 1000

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2016

detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8

SSG: 11

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HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations

Castelli, Erick C. ; de Almeida, Bibiana S. ; Muniz, Yara C. N. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021

In: Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-11-29)

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In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-11-29)

Abstract: HLA-G is a promiscuous immune checkpoint molecule. The HLA-G gene presents substantial nucleotide variability in its regulatory regions. However, it encodes a limited number of proteins compared to classical HLA class I genes. We characterized the HLA-G genetic variability in 4640 individuals from 88 different population samples across the globe by using a state-of-the-art method to characterize polymorphisms and haplotypes from high-coverage next-generation sequencing data. We also provide insights regarding the HLA-G genetic diversity and a resource for future studies evaluating HLA-G polymorphisms in different populations and association studies. Despite the great haplotype variability, we demonstrated that: (1) most of the HLA-G polymorphisms are in introns and regulatory sequences, and these are the sites with evidence of balancing selection, (2) linkage disequilibrium is high throughout the gene, extending up to HLA-A, (3) there are few proteins frequently observed in worldwide populations, with lack of variation in residues associated with major HLA-G biological properties (dimer formation, interaction with leukocyte receptors). These observations corroborate the role of HLA-G as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen-presenting molecule. Understanding HLA-G variability across populations is relevant for disease association and functional studies.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2045-2322

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02106-4

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3

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Sedentarization and maternal childcare networks: role of risk, gender and demography

Page, Abigail E. ; Migliano, Andrea B. ; Dyble, Mark ; [et al.]

The Royal Society ; 2023

In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 378, No. 1868 ( 2023-01-16)

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In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 378, No. 1868 ( 2023-01-16)

Abstract: Women cooperate over multiple domains and while research from western contexts portrays women's networks as limited in size and breadth, women receive help, particularly with childcare, from a diverse range of individuals (allomothers). Nonetheless, little exploration has occurred into why we see such diversity. Wide maternal childcare networks may be a consequence of a lack of resource accumulation in mobile hunter–gatherers—where instead households rely on risk-pooling in informal insurance networks. By contrast, when households settle and accumulate resources, they are able to retain risk by absorbing losses. Thus, the size and composition of mothers' childcare networks may depend on risk-buffering, as captured by mobile and settled households in the Agta, a Philippine foraging population with diverse lifestyles. Across 78 children, we find that childcare from grandmothers and sisters was higher in settled camps, while childcare from male kin was lower, offering little support for risk-buffering. Nonetheless, girls’ workloads were increased in settled camps while grandmothers had fewer dependent children, increasing their availability. These results point to gender-specific changes associated with shifting demographics as camps become larger and more settled. Evidently, women's social networks, rather than being constrained by biology, are responsive to the changing socioecological context. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives’.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0435

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: The Royal Society

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2

SSG: 12

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The making of the oral microbiome in Agta hunter–gatherers

Dobon, Begoña ; Musciotto, Federico ; Mira, Alex ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023

In: Evolutionary Human Sciences Vol. 5 ( 2023)

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In: Evolutionary Human Sciences, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 5 ( 2023)

Abstract: Ecological and genetic factors have influenced the composition of the human microbiome during our evolutionary history. We analysed the oral microbiota of the Agta, a hunter–gatherer population where some members have adopted an agricultural diet. We show that age is the strongest factor modulating the microbiome, probably through immunosenescence since we identified an increase in the number of species classified as pathogens with age. We also characterised biological and cultural processes generating sexual dimorphism in the oral microbiome. A small subset of oral bacteria is influenced by the host genome, linking host collagen genes to bacterial biofilm formation. Our data also suggest that shifting from a fish/meat diet to a rice-rich diet transforms their microbiome, mirroring the Neolithic transition. All of these factors have implications in the epidemiology of oral diseases. Thus, the human oral microbiome is multifactorial and shaped by various ecological and social factors that modify the oral environment.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2513-843X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.9

Language: English

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2979139-X

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Cooperation and partner choice among Agta hunter-gatherer children: An evolutionary developmental perspective

Major-Smith, Daniel ; Chaudhary, Nikhil ; Dyble, Mark ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023

In: PLOS ONE Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2023-4-26), p. e0284360-

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In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2023-4-26), p. e0284360-

Abstract: Examining development is essential for a full understanding of behaviour, including how individuals acquire traits and how adaptive evolutionary forces shape these processes. The present study explores the development of cooperative behaviour among the Agta, a Filipino hunter-gatherer population. A simple resource allocation game assessing both levels of cooperation (how much children shared) and patterns of partner choice (who they shared with) was played with 179 children between the ages of 3 and 18. Children were given five resources (candies) and for each was asked whether to keep it for themselves or share with someone else, and if so, who this was. Between-camp variation in children’s cooperative behaviour was substantial, and the only strong predictor of children’s cooperation was the average level of cooperation among adults in camp; that is, children were more cooperative in camps where adults were more cooperative. Neither age, sex, relatedness or parental levels of cooperation were strongly associated with the amount children shared. Children preferentially shared with close kin (especially siblings), although older children increasingly shared with less-related individuals. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding cross-cultural patterns of children’s cooperation, and broader links with human cooperative childcare and life history evolution.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1932-6203

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.g001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.g002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.g003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.t001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.t002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.t003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.s001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.s002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.s003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.s004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.r001

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.r002

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.r003

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.r004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.r005

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284360.r006

Language: English

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3

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Wealth, health and inequality in Agta foragers

Page, Abigail E ; Ruiz, Milagros ; Dyble, Mark ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023

In: Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 149-162

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In: Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 149-162

Abstract: There is significant evidence from large-scale, industrial and post-industrial societies that greater income and wealth inequality is negatively associated with both population health and increasing health inequalities. However, whether such relationships are inevitable and should be expected to impact the health of small-scale societies as they become more market-integrated is less clear. Methodology Here, using mixed-effect models, we explore the relationship between health, wealth, wealth inequality and health inequalities in a small-scale foraging population from the Philippines, the Agta. Results Across 11 camps, we find small to moderate degrees of wealth inequality (maximal Gini Coefficient 0.44) which is highest in the most permanent camps, where individuals engage more heavily in the formal market. However, in both adults (n = 161) and children (n = 215), we find little evidence that either wealth or wealth inequality associates with ill health, except for one measure of nutritional condition—red blood cell count. Conclusions and implications We interpret these results in the light of high levels of cooperation among the Agta which may buffer against the detrimental effects of wealth inequality documented in industrial and post-industrial societies. We observe little intergenerational wealth transmission, highlighting the fluid nature of wealth, and thus wealth inequality, particularly in mobile communities. The deterioration of nutritional status, as indicated by red blood cell counts, requires further investigation before concluding the Agta’s extensive cooperation networks may be beginning to breakdown in the face of increasing inequality.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2050-6201

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad015

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2684837-5

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Hunter-gatherer multilevel sociality accelerates cumulative cultural evolution

Migliano, Andrea B. ; Battiston, Federico ; Viguier, Sylvain ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020

In: Science Advances Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2020-02-28)

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In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2020-02-28)

Abstract: Although multilevel sociality is a universal feature of human social organization, its functional relevance remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of multilevel sociality on cumulative cultural evolution by using wireless sensing technology to map inter- and intraband social networks among Agta hunter-gatherers. By simulating the accumulation of cultural innovations over the real Agta multicamp networks, we demonstrate that multilevel sociality accelerates cultural differentiation and cumulative cultural evolution. Our results suggest that hunter-gatherer social structures [based on (i) clustering of families within camps and camps within regions, (ii) cultural transmission within kinship networks, and (iii) high intercamp mobility] may have allowed past and present hunter-gatherers to maintain cumulative cultural adaptation despite low population density, a feature that may have been critical in facilitating the global expansion of Homo sapiens .

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2375-2548

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5913

Language: English

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8

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Testing adaptive hypotheses of alloparenting in Agta foragers

Page, Abigail E. ; Thomas, Matthew G. ; Smith, Daniel ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019

In: Nature Human Behaviour Vol. 3, No. 11 ( 2019-08-12), p. 1154-1163

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In: Nature Human Behaviour, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 3, No. 11 ( 2019-08-12), p. 1154-1163

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2397-3374

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0679-2

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2885046-4

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Children are important too: juvenile playgroups and maternal childcare in a foraging population, the Agta

Page, Abigail E. ; Emmott, Emily H. ; Dyble, Mark ; [et al.]

The Royal Society ; 2021

In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 376, No. 1827 ( 2021-06-21)

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In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 376, No. 1827 ( 2021-06-21)

Abstract: Non-maternal carers (allomothers) are hypothesized to lighten the mother's workload, allowing for the specialized human life history including relatively short interbirth intervals and multiple dependent offspring. Here, using in-depth observational data on childcare provided to 78 Agta children (a foraging population in the northern Philippines; aged 0–6 years), we explore whether allomaternal childcare substitutes and decreases maternal childcare. We found that allomother caregiving was associated with reduced maternal childcare, but the substitutive effect varied depending on the source and type of care. Children-only playgroups consistently predicted a decrease in maternal childcare. While grandmothers were rarely available, their presence was negatively associated with maternal presence and childcare, and grandmothers performed similar childcare activities to mothers. These results underscore the importance of allomothering in reducing maternal childcare in the Agta. Our findings suggest that flexibility in childcare sources, including children-only playgroups, may have been the key to human life-history evolution. Overall, our results reinforce the necessity of a broad conceptualization of social support in human childcare. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal–child health’.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0026

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: The Royal Society

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2

SSG: 12

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