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Assessing Sex, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Mental Health Concerns in Tobacco Use Disorder Treatment Research: Measurement Challenges and Recommendations From a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Pre-conference Workshop

Weinberger, Andrea H ; Steinberg, Marc L ; Mills, Sarah D ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022

In: Nicotine & Tobacco Research Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2022-03-26), p. 643-653

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In: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2022-03-26), p. 643-653

Abstract: This paper reports on topics discussed at a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco pre-conference workshop at the 2019 annual Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco meeting. The goal of the pre-conference workshop was to help develop a shared understanding of the importance of several tobacco-related priority groups in tobacco use disorder (TUD) treatment research and to highlight challenges in measurement related to these groups. The workshop focused on persons with minoritized sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation identities; persons with minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds; persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES); and persons with mental health concerns. In addition to experiencing commercial tobacco-related health disparities, these groups are also underrepresented in tobacco research, including TUD treatment studies. Importantly, there is wide variation in how and whether researchers are identifying variation within these priority groups. Best practices for measuring and reporting sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, SES, and mental health concerns in TUD treatment research are needed. This paper provides information about measurement challenges when including these groups in TUD treatment research and specific recommendations about how to measure these groups and assess potential disparities in outcomes. The goal of this paper is to encourage TUD treatment researchers to use measurement best practices in these priority groups in an effort to conduct meaningful and equity-promoting research. Increasing the inclusion and visibility of these groups in TUD treatment research will help to move the field forward in decreasing tobacco-related health disparities. Implications: Tobacco-related disparities exist for a number of priority groups including, among others, women, individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities, individuals with minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds, individuals with lower SES, and individuals with mental health concerns. Research on TUD treatments for many of these subgroups is lacking. Accurate assessment and consideration of these subgroups will provide needed information about efficacious and effective TUD treatments, about potential mediators and moderators, and for accurately describing study samples, all critical elements for reducing tobacco-related disparities, and improving diversity, equity, and inclusion in TUD treatment research.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1469-994X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab201

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020202-7

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Surveillance of Vermont wildlife in 2021–2022 reveals no detected SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA

Despres, Hannah W. ; Mills, Margaret G. ; Schmidt, Madaline M. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023

In: Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-09-06)

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In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-09-06)

Abstract: Previous studies have documented natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 in various domestic and wild animals. More recently, studies have been published noting the susceptibility of members of the Cervidae family, and infections in both wild and captive cervid populations. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in mammalian wildlife within the state of Vermont. 739 nasal or throat samples were collected from wildlife throughout the state during the 2021 and 2022 harvest season. Data was collected from red and gray foxes ( Vulpes vulples and Urocyon cineroargentus, respectively), fishers ( Martes pennati ), river otters ( Lutra canadensis ), coyotes ( Canis lantrans ), bobcats ( Lynx rufus rufus ), black bears ( Ursus americanus ), and white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ). Samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 via quantitative RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set and/or the WHO-E gene primer set. Surprisingly, we initially detected a number of N1 and/or N2 positive samples with high cycle threshold values, though after conducting environmental swabbing of the laboratory and verifying with a second independent primer set (WHO-E) and PCR without reverse transcriptase, we showed that these were false positives due to plasmid contamination from a construct expressing the N gene in the general laboratory environment. Our final results indicate that no sampled wildlife were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and highlight the importance of physically separate locations for the processing of samples for surveillance and experiments that require the use of plasmid DNA containing the target RNA sequence. These negative findings are surprising, given that most published North America studies have found SARS-CoV-2 within their deer populations. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in populations sampled here may provide insights in to the various environmental and anthropogenic factors that reduce spillover and spread in North American’s wildlife populations.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2045-2322

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39232-0

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3

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Evidence-Based Point-of-Sale Policies to Reduce Youth Tobacco Use in North Carolina

Halvorson-Fried, Sarah M. ; Reimold, Alexandria E. ; Mills, Sarah D. ; [et al.]

North Carolina Institute of Medicine ; 2022

In: North Carolina Medical Journal Vol. 83, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 244-248

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In: North Carolina Medical Journal, North Carolina Institute of Medicine, Vol. 83, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 244-248

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0029-2559 , 0029-2559

URL: Article

DOI: 10.18043/ncm.83.4.244

Language: English

Publisher: North Carolina Institute of Medicine

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2138958-5

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Validation of the Body Concealment Scale for Scleroderma (BCSS): Replication in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort

Jewett, Lisa R. ; Kwakkenbos, Linda ; Carrier, Marie-Eve ; [et al.]

Elsevier BV ; 2017

In: Body Image Vol. 20 ( 2017-03), p. 99-106

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In: Body Image, Elsevier BV, Vol. 20 ( 2017-03), p. 99-106

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1740-1445

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.11.007

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publication Date: 2017

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135730-4

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The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort: protocol for a cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design to support trials of psychosocial and rehabilitation interventions in a rare disease context

Kwakkenbos, Linda ; Jewett, Lisa R ; Baron, Murray ; [et al.]

BMJ ; 2013

In: BMJ Open Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. e003563-

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In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. e003563-

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003563

Language: English

Publisher: BMJ

Publication Date: 2013

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599832-8

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Sociodemographic Disparities in Tobacco Retailer Density in the United States, 2000–2017

Mills, Sarah D ; Kong, Amanda Y ; Reimold, Alexandria E ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022

In: Nicotine & Tobacco Research Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2022-07-13), p. 1291-1299

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In: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2022-07-13), p. 1291-1299

Abstract: Studies find differences in tobacco retailer density according to neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics, raising issues of social justice, but not all research is consistent. Aims and Methods This study examined associations between tobacco retailer density and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics in the United States at four timepoints (2000, 2007, 2012, and 2017) and investigated if associations remained stable over time. Data on tobacco retailers came from the National Establishment Time-Series Database. Adjusted log-linear models examined the relationship between retailer density and census tract sociodemographic characteristics (% non-Hispanic Black [Black], % Hispanic, % vacant housing units, median household income), controlling for percentage of youth, urbanicity, and US region. To examine whether the relationship between density and sociodemographic characteristics changed over time, additional models were estimated with interaction terms between each sociodemographic characteristic and year. Results Tobacco retailer density ranged from 1.22 to 1.44 retailers/1000 persons from 2000 to 2017. There were significant, positive relationships between tobacco retailer density and the percentage of Black (standardized exp(b) = 1.05 [95% CI: 1.04% to 1.07%]) and Hispanic (standardized exp(b) = 1.06 [95% CI: 1.05% to 1.08%] ) residents and the percentage of vacant housing units (standardized exp(b) =1.08 [95% CI: 1.07% to 1.10%]) in a census tract. Retailer density was negatively associated with income (standardized exp(b) = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.82% to 0.86%] ). From 2000 to 2017, the relationship between retailer density and income and vacant housing units became weaker. Conclusions Despite the weakening of some associations, there are sociodemographic disparities in tobacco retailer density from 2000 to 2017, which research has shown may contribute to inequities in smoking. Implications This study examines associations between tobacco retailer density and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics in the United States at four timepoints from 2000 to 2017. Although some associations weakened, there are sociodemographic disparities in tobacco retailer density over the study period. Research suggests that sociodemographic disparities in retailer density may contribute to inequities in smoking. Findings from this study may help identify which communities should be prioritized for policy intervention and regulation.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1469-994X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac020

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020202-7

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Reliability and Validity of Three Versions of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study

Fox, Rina S. ; Kwakkenbos, Linda ; Carrier, Marie‐Eve ; [et al.]

Wiley ; 2018

In: Arthritis Care & Research Vol. 70, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1646-1652

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In: Arthritis Care & Research, Wiley, Vol. 70, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1646-1652

Abstract: Fear of negative evaluation is a common concern among individuals with visible differences but has received limited attention in systemic sclerosis ( SS c), which can involve substantial changes to appearance. The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale ( BFNE ) was specifically designed to evaluate fear of negative evaluation. There are currently 3 versions of the BFNE with strong demonstrated measurement properties: two 8‐item versions ( BFNE ‐S, BFNE ‐8) and one 12‐item version ( BFNE ‐ II ). The present study evaluated these versions in SS c, and identified the most appropriate version for use among SS c patients. Methods Participants were 1,010 patients with SS c enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network cohort. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's product‐moment correlations were used to evaluate structural validity, internal consistency reliability, and convergent and divergent validity, respectively. Results Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that 1‐factor models fit acceptably well for the 12‐item BFNE ‐ II , the 8‐item BFNE ‐S, and the 8‐item BFNE ‐8. Additionally, all Cronbach's alphas demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability (BFNE‐II = 0.98, BFNE‐S = 0.97, BFNE‐8 = 0.96), and all versions had comparable associations with measures of social anxiety, body‐related attitudes, depression, age, and education. Conclusion Psychometric support was found for all 3 versions of the BFNE , although the longer 12‐item BFNE ‐ II did not improve measurement compared to the shorter 8‐item versions ( BFNE ‐S and BFNE ‐8). Of these 2, the BFNE ‐S has been more widely studied, with strong validity data in a greater number of populations. Therefore, the BFNE ‐S is recommended to assess fear of negative evaluation among patients with SS c.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2151-464X , 2151-4658

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/acr.2018.70.issue-11

DOI: 10.1002/acr.23532

RVK:

XA 30325

Language: English

Publisher: Wiley

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016713-1

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Factor structure and convergent validity of the Derriford Appearance Scale-24 using standard scoring versus treating ‘not applicable’ responses as missing data: a Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) cohort study

Merz, Erin L ; Kwakkenbos, Linda ; Carrier, Marie-Eve ; [et al.]

BMJ ; 2018

In: BMJ Open Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. e018641-

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In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. e018641-

Abstract: Valid measures of appearance concern are needed in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a rare, disfiguring autoimmune disease. The Derriford Appearance Scale-24 (DAS-24) assesses appearance-related distress related to visible differences. There is uncertainty regarding its factor structure, possibly due to its scoring method. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Participants with SSc were recruited from 27 centres in Canada, the USA and the UK. Participants who self-identified as having visible differences were recruited from community and clinical settings in the UK. Participants Two samples were analysed (n=950 participants with SSc; n=1265 participants with visible differences). Primary and secondary outcome measures The DAS-24 factor structure was evaluated using two scoring methods. Convergent validity was evaluated with measures of social interaction anxiety, depression, fear of negative evaluation, social discomfort and dissatisfaction with appearance. Results When items marked by respondents as ‘not applicable’ were scored as 0, per standard DAS-24 scoring, a one-factor model fit poorly; when treated as missing data, the one-factor model fit well. Convergent validity analyses revealed strong correlations that were similar across scoring methods. Conclusions Treating ‘not applicable’ responses as missing improved the measurement model, but did not substantively influence practical inferences that can be drawn from DAS-24 scores. Indications of item redundancy and poorly performing items suggest that the DAS-24 could be improved and potentially shortened.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018641

Language: English

Publisher: BMJ

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599832-8

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The Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network Cohort: baseline clinical features and comparison with other large scleroderma cohorts

Dougherty, Dane H ; Kwakkenbos, Linda ; Carrier, Marie-Eve ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018

In: Rheumatology Vol. 57, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1623-1631

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In: Rheumatology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 57, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1623-1631

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1462-0324 , 1462-0332

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key139

Language: English

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474143-X

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Validation of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale in scleroderma: a Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort study

Gholizadeh, Shadi ; Kwakkenbos, Linda ; Carrier, Marie-Eve ; [et al.]

SAGE Publications ; 2018

In: Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2018-02), p. 98-105

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In: Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders, SAGE Publications, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2018-02), p. 98-105

Abstract: Individuals with visible differences due to medical conditions, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), have reported difficulty navigating social situations because of issues such as staring, invasive questions, and rude comments. Fears or anxiety linked to situations in which a person interacts with others is known as social interaction anxiety. However, there exists no validated measurement tool to examine social interaction anxiety in rheumatologic conditions. Methods: The present study examines the reliability (internal consistency) and validity (structural and convergent) of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale-6 (SIAS-6) in a sample of 802 individuals with SSc, and compares these psychometric properties across limited and diffuse subtypes of the disease. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the SIAS-6 in patients with both limited and diffuse SSc. Results: A one-factor structure was found to fit well for individuals with SSc with both limited and diffuse disease. The measure demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability and convergent validity with relevant measures in expected magnitudes and directions. Conclusions: The SIAS-6 is a psychometrically robust measure that can confidently be used in SSc populations to examine social interaction anxiety. Moreover, scores can meaningfully be compared between patients with limited and diffuse disease.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2397-1983 , 2397-1991

URL: Article

DOI: 10.5301/jsrd.5000264

Language: English

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2964332-6

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