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  • 1
    In: Epilepsia Open, Wiley, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 526-536
    Abstract: To determine the prevalence and types of epilepsy in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a nationwide population‐based cross‐sectional survey among Bangladeshi population of all ages, except children under one month. We surveyed 9839 participants (urban, 4918; rural, 4920) recruited at their households using multistage cluster sampling. Trained physicians with neurology background confirmed the diagnosis of suspected epilepsy cases identified by interviewer‐administered questionnaires. We reported the overall and sex, residence, and age groups‐specific prevalence of epilepsy per 1000 populations with 95% confidence interval. Results The national prevalence of epilepsy per 1000 was 8.4 (95% CI 5.6‐11.1), urban 8.0 (4.6‐11.4), and rural 8.5 (5.60‐11.5). The prevalence in adult males and females was 9.2 (5.7‐12.6) and 7.7 (3.6‐11.7), respectively. The prevalence in children aged 〈 18 years (8.2, 3.4‐13.0 was similar to adults (8.5 (5.4‐11.4). Among all epilepsy cases, 65.1% had active epilepsy. Their (active epilepsy) prevalence was 5.8 (3.5‐8.1). Of them, 63.4% were not receiving treatment. Moreover, those who received allopathy treatment, 72.5% had low adherence leading to a high treatment gap. Significance Our findings out of this first‐ever national survey were similar to other Asian countries. However, the prevalence of active epilepsy and treatment gap were considerably higher. This study serves useful evidence for tailoring interventions aimed to reduce the burden of epilepsy—primarily through targeted community awareness program—and access to antiepileptic treatment in health facilities in Bangladesh.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2470-9239 , 2470-9239
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2863427-5
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  • 2
    In: Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2013-11-30), p. 88-95
    Abstract: Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries The risk factors in lacunar stroke differ in comparison to nonlacunar strokes. In this study risk factors of lacunar stroke in comparison to non-lacunar were evaluated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the risk factors among lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke. Methodology: This comparative study conducted in the department of Medicine and Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from September 2010 to August 2011. MRI of brain was done in 151 patients above 18 years of age with ischemic stroke and Lacunar stroke was found in 31 patients and non-lacunar stroke was detected in 120 patients. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from them 30 patients with lacunar stroke were selected as Group-A patients and equal number of non-lacunar stroke same ages as group B were compared of. The risk factors of stroke were defined as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, history of transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and carotid artery stenosis. Results: Out of 151 patients with ischemic stroke non-lacunar stroke was predominant, which was 79.47% and lacunar stroke was 20.52%. The mean age was found 60.9±10.2 years in Group A and 56.2±11.8 years in Group B, which was almost similar between two groups (p 〉 0.05). Male were predominant, which was 63.33% and 76.67% in lacunar and non-lacunar stroke respectively. Male and female ratio was 2.3:1. Regarding the risk factors hypertension was observed most common risk factor among the patients having lacunar and non-lacunar strokes. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke and myocardial infarction, carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke which were statistically significant (p 〈 0.05) between the both groups. However, the percentage of smoking, previous TIA and atrial fibrillation were not significantly (p 〉 0.05) different between lacunar and non-lacunar stroke. Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke, and myocardial infarction, whereas carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke and the both groups were statistically significant (p 〈 0.05) . So modification of risk factors may reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2.17176 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (2): 88-95
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2408-8382 , 1023-4853
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573887-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ; 2017
    In:  Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2017-04-06), p. 33-36
    In: Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2017-04-06), p. 33-36
    Abstract: Background: Migraine causes difficulties in daily life. Objective: The purpose of this present study was to assess the severity of migraine associated with comorbidities.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Headache Clinic and Neurology outdoor in the Department of Neurology at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka during the period of July 2010 to June 2011 for a period of one (01) year. All the patients presented with migraine were included as study population who were divided into two groups. Migraine patients without comorbidities were designated as group I and with comorbidities were in group II. The comorbidities were assessed which were both physical as well as psychiatric. The severity of migraine was assessed on the basis of four principal components like pain intensity, nausea, disability and tolerability.Result: A total of 70 patients with migraine were recruited of which 37 patients were in group I and 33 patients were in group II. In group II major depressive disorder was in 8(24.3%) cases, generalized anxiety disorder was in 6(18.1%) cases and hypertensive was in 7(21.2%) cases. Among 8 major depressive disorder patients, mild, moderate and severe migraines were found in 1(3.03%) cases, 2(6.06%) cases and 5(15.15%) cases respectively. Out of 6 GAD patients, mild, moderate and severe migraine were found in 1(3.03%) case, 1(3.03%) case and 4(12.12%) cases. Seven patients were hypertensive of which 1(3.03) patient had mild, 2(6.06%) had moderate and 4(12.12%) had severe migraine. Mild migraine was found in 18(48.6%) patients in group I and 6(18.2%) patients in group II. Moderate migraine was found in 12(32.5%) patients and 8(24.2%) in group I and group II respectively. Severe migraine was found in 7(18.9%) patients in group I and 19(57.6%) patients in group II.Conclusion: Severity of migraine is associated with different physical and psychiatric comorbidities. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2015;1(2): 33-36
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-8030
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2018-04-06), p. 42-47
    In: Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2018-04-06), p. 42-47
    Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. It is estimated that there are at least 1.5 to 2 million epilepsy patients in Bangladesh3. Many of these patients are suffering from uncontrolled epilepsy which leads to cognitive deterioration, psychosocial dysfunction and increased morbidity and mortality. The causes behind uncontrolled epilepsy are multifactorial. Some are patient-related, some physician-related and some are medication-related.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the factors responsible for uncontrolled epilepsy.Methodology: This case-control study was carried out in the epilepsy clinic of the Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2010 to June 2012 (2 years). A total of 100 patients of which 50 consecutive patients of uncontrolled epilepsy (cases) and 50 age-matched controls with well controlled epilepsy (control) were recruited. Patients were interviewed according to a preformed questionnaire.Results: The mean ages of case and control groups were 21.84 ± 8.70 and 23.94 ± 10.28 years (p=0.273). The male female ratio was almost equal in both groups. The factors which turned out significant (p value 〈 0.05) for uncontrolled epilepsy were lack of support from the family (p=0.032), lack of motivation about the disease (p=0.001), unavailability of drugs (p=0.001), irregular intake of anti-epileptic drugs (p=0.001), stopping AEDs willingly after transient control of seizures (p=0.001), lack of knowledge about the disease (p=0.003), treatment duration (p=0.005) & prognosis of the disease (p=0.026). Other factors were low annual income of the family (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.040), lower educational status (p=0.027) and residence in rural area (p=0.016). Important patient related factors were earlier age of onset of seizure (p=0.027), higher initial seizure frequency (p=0.012), associated clinical features (neurological deficits, mental retardation, behavioral abnormality) (p=0.030), abnormal brain imaging findings (p=0.013) and non response to first anti epileptic drug (p=0.005).Conclusion: Many of the factors behind uncontrolled epilepsy can be minimized by proper counseling of the patient at the start of treatment and regular follow up.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 42-47
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-8030
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-1-13), p. e0240385-
    Abstract: With the proposed pathophysiologic mechanism of neurologic injury by SARS CoV-2, the frequency of stroke and henceforth the related hospital admissions were expected to rise. This paper investigated this presumption by comparing the frequency of admissions of stroke cases in Bangladesh before and during the pandemic. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of stroke admissions in a 100-bed stroke unit at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS & H) which is considerably a large stroke unit. All the admitted cases from 1 January to 30 June 2020 were considered. Poisson regression models were used to determine whether statistically significant changes in admission rates can be found before and after 25 March since when there is a surge in COVID-19 infections. Results A total of 1394 stroke patients took admission in the stroke unit during the study period. Half of the patients were older than 60 years, whereas only 2.6% were 30 years old or younger. The male to female ratio is 1.06:1. From January to March 2020, the mean rate of admission was 302.3 cases per month, which dropped to 162.3 cases per month from April to June, with an overall reduction of 46.3% in acute stroke admission per month. In those two periods, reductions in average admission per month for ischemic stroke (IST), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and venous stroke (VS) were 45.5%, 37.2%, 71.4% and 39.0%, respectively. Based on weekly data, results of Poisson regressions confirm that the average number of admissions per week dropped significantly during the last three months of the sample period. Further, in the first three months, a total of 22 cases of hyperacute stroke management were done, whereas, in the last three months, there was an 86.4% reduction in the number of hyperacute stroke patients getting reperfusion treatment. Only 38 patients (2.7%) were later found to be RT-PCR SARS Cov-2 positive based on nasal swab testing. Conclusion This study revealed a more than fifty percent reduction in acute stroke admission during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the reduction is related to the fear of getting infected by COVID-19 from hospitalization or the overall restriction on public movement or stay-home measures remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2014-01-31), p. 11-15
    In: Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2014-01-31), p. 11-15
    Abstract: Background: Eclampsia is a complex hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting multiple systems. Central nervous system is commonly affected and is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in women. Various neurological complications are found in eclamptic patients. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the various CNS complications related to eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the ‘Eclampsia ward’ of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), during the period of November, 2010 to October, 2011 in patients admitted with a history of eclampsia. Fifty(50) patients were included in this study. Data was collected by a semistructured questionnaire. The patients were interviewed and a complete clinical examination was performed by the investigator. It was reviewed by a consultant neurologist. Results & conclusion: The results revealed that patients had headache, comatose state, stroke, focal neurological deficit, post partum psychosis, aphasia and cortical blindness. Death occurred in 6.0% of patients. As eclampsia is the third major cause of pregnancy related maternal death in Bangladesh (16%), and no study has yet not been reported in this field, this study might help in formulating management plan; predict prognosis and functional recovery in the individual cases. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2014; Vol. 30 (1): 11-15
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2408-8382 , 1023-4853
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573887-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2019-07-12), p. 81-86
    In: Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2019-07-12), p. 81-86
    Abstract: The clinical features of coronary artery disease vary, and patients may present with symptoms other than chest pain, such as headache. Rarely, the headache may be theonly presenting feature without any chest discomfort, and may be confused with migraine. Failure to distinguish such headache, caused by CAD, from migraine may result in wrong treatment with disastrous fate. Elderly patient with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors having recent onset exertional headache should be evaluated for the presence of cardiac cephalgia.We intend to report a 60-year-old hypertensive, diabetic patient with a 6-months history of episodic exertional headaches, who turned out to be a case of headache angina (cardiac cephalgia). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 81-86
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-8030
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2016-09-15), p. 117-125
    Abstract: Background: Plasma D-Dimer is a biomarker of thrombo-embolism and a sensitive indicator of subclinical coagulopathy. Its level begins to rise within the first 6 hours of onset of symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. The availability of a rapid diagnostic test like plasma D-Dimer in acute ischemic stroke would be a substantial adjunct to CT and MRI. The test for plasma D-Dimer is quick and easy to perform based on principle of latex agglutination. This study is taken to estimate Plasma D-Dimer level in ischemic stroke patients and to see its role in early diagnosis, and also to differentiate different types of acute ischemic stroke in Bangladeshi population.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) from July 2010 to June 2012. Plasma D-Dimer was estimated by latex agglutination method in DMCH laboratory. Fifty stroke patients (age, 58.36±14.8 years; sex-M/F: 34/16) and 50 age matched control (58.80±15.01 years; sex-M/F: 36/14) were enrolled. In ischemic stroke group all patients were presented from 4 hours to 3 days. CT scan of brain revealed both cortical and subcortical lesion (56%), subcortical lesion (34%) and cortical lesion (10%). The CT volume of the involved brain lesion was 19.95±4.92 cm3. The value of plasma D-Dimer were evaluated in both control and ischemic stroke patients, correlated with CT size of infract and different types of acute ischemic strokes.Results: Qualitative analysis of plasma D-Dimer reveals 76% positive and 24% negative in the ischemic stroke group. On the other hand, plasma D-Dimer value was only 6% positive and 94% negative in the control group. Qualitative analysis of plasma D-Dimer differs significantly (c2=50.64; p=0.001) between the two groups. The analysis also reveals 76% sensitivity and 94% specificity of the Plasma D-Dimer test. Quantitative measurement of plasma D-Dimer (p=0.001) was 804±120 hg/ml and 126±16 hg/ml in ischemic and control groups respectively. The plasma concentration of D-Dimer between the two groups was statistically highly significant (t=31.21; p=0.001). Mean plasma D-Dimer level was highest in embolic infarct (1700±964 hg/ml) followed by atherothrombotic (536±234 hg/ml) and lowest in lacunar (100±00 hg/ml) subtype.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.2, October, 2015, Page 117-125
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2219-7494 , 1028-0928
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 9
    In: American Journal of Neuroscience, Science Publications, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2015-02-01), p. 20-25
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1948-9900
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Science Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2765646-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2019-07-12), p. 13-17
    In: Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2019-07-12), p. 13-17
    Abstract: Background: Plasma D-Dimer is a biomarker of thrombo-embolism. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the plasma D-dimer level in different types of acute ischaemic stroke patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology & Department of Internal Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2010 to June 2012 for a period of two (02) years. Patients with ischemic stroke with history within 7 days attending in the stroke clinic of Department of Neurology or admitted in the Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine through the outpatient and emergency Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) were selected as study population for this study. Analysis of plasma D-Dimer was done in the Department of Hematology of DMCH.b Result: A total of 50 cases were recruited for this study. There were 24.0% lacunar infarcts, 40.0% atherothrombotic and 36.0% embolic infarcts in the study group. Highest level of plasma D-Dimer was observed in embolic (1700±964 ηg/ml) followed by atherothrombotic group (536±234 ηg/ml). The plasma D-Dimer was lowest (100±0 ηg/ml) in lacunar group. Concentration of Plasma D-Dimer showed significant correlation with clinical diagnosis in different subtypes of ischemic stroke (r=0.902; p=0.001) and also with risk factors, example, diabetes (r=0.319; p=0.012) and valvular heart disease (r=0.281; p=0.024), but no significant correlation with age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and smoking. Conclusion: In conclusion plasma D-Dimer is an important bio-marker in the clinical diagnosis and subtypes of ischemic stroke patients. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 13-17
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-8030
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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