In:
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2022-7-5), p. e0010516-
Abstract:
Growing evidence suggests considerable variation in endemic typhoid fever incidence at some locations over time, yet few settings have multi-year incidence estimates to inform typhoid control measures. We sought to describe a decade of typhoid fever incidence in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Cases of blood culture confirmed typhoid were identified among febrile patients at two sentinel hospitals during three study periods: 2007–08, 2011–14, and 2016–18. To account for under-ascertainment at sentinel facilities, we derived adjustment multipliers from healthcare utilization surveys done in the hospital catchment area. Incidence estimates and credible intervals (CrI) were derived using a Bayesian hierarchical incidence model that incorporated uncertainty of our observed typhoid fever prevalence, of healthcare seeking adjustment multipliers, and of blood culture diagnostic sensitivity. Among 3,556 total participants, 50 typhoid fever cases were identified. Of typhoid cases, 26 (52%) were male and the median (range) age was 22 ( 〈 1–60) years; 4 (8%) were aged 〈 5 years and 10 (20%) were aged 5 to 14 years. Annual typhoid fever incidence was estimated as 61.5 (95% CrI 14.9–181.9), 6.5 (95% CrI 1.4–20.4), and 4.0 (95% CrI 0.6–13.9) per 100,000 persons in 2007–08, 2011–14, and 2016–18, respectively. There were no deaths among typhoid cases. We estimated moderate typhoid incidence (≥10 per 100 000) in 2007–08 and low ( 〈 10 per 100 000) incidence during later surveillance periods, but with overlapping credible intervals across study periods. Although consistent with falling typhoid incidence, we interpret this as showing substantial variation over the study periods. Given potential variation, multi-year surveillance may be warranted in locations making decisions about typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction and other control measures.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1935-2735
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.t002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.t003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.t004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.t005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.t006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010516.s001
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2429704-5
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