In:
PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2021-4-8), p. e0249014-
Abstract:
In most developing countries, formal and informal transportation schemes coexist without effective and smart integration. In this paper, the authors show how to leverage opportunities offered by formal and informal transportation schemes to build an integrated multi-modal network. Precisely, the authors consider integration of rickshaws to a bus-train network, by taking into account accessibility and societal constraints. By modelling the respective networks with weighted graphs, a graph augmentation problem is solved with respect to a composite cost taking into account constraints on the use of rickshaws. The solution, is based on finding a minimum cost spanning tree of a merged graph. The method is applied in the South African context, in the city of Johannesburg where rickshaws are not yet a significant part of the transportation system. The implications of the study reveal that using non-motorised transportation services is a viable option of improving mobility in the city. The composite cost introduced herein could be used for new routing algorithm including societal, environmental, architectural contexts and commuter experiences through rating.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1932-6203
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g010
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g011
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g012
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g013
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g014
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g015
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g016
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g017
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.g018
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.s008
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2021
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2267670-3
Bookmarklink