In:
Journal of Phycology, Wiley, Vol. 51, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 943-962
Abstract:
Phospholipase D ( PLD ) participates in the formation of phosphatidic acid, a precursor in glycerolipid biosynthesis and a second messenger. PLD s are part of a superfamily of proteins that hydrolyze phosphodiesters and share a catalytic motif, HxKxxxxD, and hence a mechanism of action. Although HKD ‐ PLD s have been thoroughly characterized in plants, animals and bacteria, very little is known about these enzymes in algae. To fill this gap in knowledge, we performed a biocomputational analysis by means of HMMER iterative profiling, using most eukaryotic algae genomes available. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that algae exhibit very few eukaryotic‐type PLD s but possess, instead, many bacteria‐like PLD s. Among algae eukaryotic‐type PLD s, we identified C2‐ PLD s and PXPH ‐like PLD s. In addition, the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense features several proteins phylogenetically related to oomycete PLD s. Our phylogenetic analysis also showed that algae bacteria‐like PLD s (proteins with putative PLD activity) fall into five clades, three of which are novel lineages in eukaryotes, composed almost entirely of algae. Specifically, Clade II is almost exclusive to diatoms, whereas Clade I and IV are mainly represented by proteins from prasinophytes. The other two clades are composed of mitochondrial PLD s (Clade V or Mito‐ PLD s), previously found in mammals, and a subfamily of potentially secreted proteins (Clade III or SP ‐ PLD s), which includes a homolog formerly characterized in rice. In addition, our phylogenetic analysis shows that algae have non‐ PLD members within the bacteria‐like HKD superfamily with putative cardiolipin synthase and phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase activities. Altogether, our results show that eukaryotic algae possess a moderate number of PLD s that belong to very diverse phylogenetic groups.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0022-3646
,
1529-8817
DOI:
10.1111/jpy.2015.51.issue-5
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2015
detail.hit.zdb_id:
281226-5
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1478748-9
SSG:
12
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