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  • 1
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 74, No. 19_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 3192A-3192A
    Abstract: Background: Viral associated HPV and EBV squamous cell carcinomas are common in the oropharynx and nasopharynx respectively. In fact co-infection of these viruses is reported in 15-46% of nasopharyngeal carcinomas, 13% of oral cancers and 11% of other head and neck tumors. Viral associated HNSCC tumors are inherently radiosensitive when compared to tobacco associated malignancies. We had determined using stable clones generated in a HNSCC cell line that HPV, EBV and the combination was significantly more radiosensitive than the negative viral clone. However mechanisms of increased sensitivity had not been defined. The aim of the study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of increased radiosensitivity in viral associated HNSCC. Methods: To test our hypothesis four stable clones of FaDu cells (HPV-/EBV-, HPV+/EBV-, HPV-/EBV+, HPV+/EBV+) generated by transfection with HPV E6/7 ORF constructs or/and infection with recombinant EBV strain were irradiated with 4Gy. Cell cycle was analyzed using FACS and protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. Senescence associated beta-galactosidase (SABG) staining was used to determine the level of senescence. Results: Cell cycle analysis at various time points (0-72h) after 4Gy γ-radiation revealed the viral positive clones showed increased G1/S arrest compared to the HPV-/EBV- clone and resumed cycling earlier at 24h compared to recovery at 48h noted in the viral negative clone. Deregulated phosphorylation of DNA repair components such as ATM and ATR was observed in the viral clones while steady state phosphorylation was seen in the negative clone. Cell cycle and protein analysis did not show increased apoptosis in the viral clones. However p21 protein expression was significantly increased in the viral positive clones after radiation treatment (P & lt;0.05) compared to negative clone. Given the increase in p21, a marker of cellular senescence, SABG staining was performed. There was an accumulation of senescent cells after radiation (at 72h: 80% increase for HPV-/EBV-; 217% increase for HPV+/EBV-; 215% increase for HPV-/EBV+ and 106% increase for HPV+/EBV+ over the respective baselines). There was a significant increase in the percentage of senescent cells in the irradiated HPV+/EBV- (P & lt;0.01) and HPV-/EBV+ (P & lt;0.05) clones compared to the irradiated HPV-/EBV- clone. Conclusion: We show that both HPV and EBV disrupt cell cycle control and DNA repair signaling. Radiation-induced upregulation of p21 expression in viral clones was associated with reduced clonogenicity, altered cell cycle progression and an increase in the percentage of cells with markers of premature cellular senescence. The faster recovery of cell cycle in the viral clones could result in incomplete DNA repair resulting in genomic instability and an increase in cellular senescence. Citation Format: Arunkumar Anandharaj, Oleksandr Ekshyyan, Xiaohua Rong, Dylan Hartel, Brandon Bauerle, Sean Nathan, Lynn Harrison, Rona Scott, Runhua Shi, Cherie-Ann O. Nathan. Senescence may play an important role in explaining the mechanisms of increased radiosensitivity of HPV- and EBV-associated HNSCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3192A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3192A
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 28-36
    Abstract: The recent epidemic of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas associated with human papilloma virus ( HPV ) has not addressed its association with lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx or the potential role of Epstein–Barr virus ( EBV )/ HPV coinfection. Methods The prevalence of HPV and EBV infection/coinfection and CD21 mRNA expression were determined in normal and cancerous tissues from the oropharynx using in situ hybridization (ISH), p16, and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR ( qRT ‐PCR). The effects of coinfection on tumorigenicity were evaluated using proliferation and invasion assays. Results Normal oropharynx, tonsil, non‐cancer base of tongue (BOT), and BOT from sleep apnea patients demonstrated EBV positivity ranging from 7% to 36% depending on the site and methods of detection used ( qRT ‐PCR or ISH). Among non‐malignant BOT samples, HPV positivity was noted only in 20%. The percent of tonsil and BOT cancers positive for HPV (up to 63% and 80%, respectively) or coinfected with HPV/EBV (up to 25% and 70%, respectively) were both significantly associated with cancer status. Notably, HPV/EBV coinfection was observed only in malignant tissue originating in lymphoid‐rich oropharynx sites (tonsil, BOT). CD21 mRNA (the major EBV attachment receptor) was detected in tonsil and BOT epithelium, but not in soft‐palate epithelium. Coinfected cell lines showed a significant increase in invasiveness ( P   〈  0.01). Conclusions There is a high prevalence of HPV / EBV infection and coinfection in BOT and tonsil cancers, possibly reflecting their origins in lymphoid‐rich tissue. In vitro , cells modeling coinfection have an increased invasive potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0904-2512 , 1600-0714
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026385-5
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  • 3
    In: Head & Neck, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1526-1532
    Abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. The uncertainty and stress resulting from these changes has led many patients and caregivers to turn to HNC advocacy groups for guidance and support. Here we outline some of the issues being faced by patients with HNC during the current crisis and provide examples of programs being developed by advocacy groups to address them. We also highlight the increased utilization of these organizations that has been observed as well as some of the challenges being faced by these not‐for‐profit groups as they work to serve the head and neck community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1043-3074 , 1097-0347
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001440-5
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  • 4
    In: OTO Open, Wiley, Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2021-07)
    Abstract: To evaluate the concerns and needs of patients and survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the COVID‐19 era. Study Design Prospective cross‐sectional survey. Setting Contact lists of 5 North American HNC advocacy groups. Methods A 14‐question survey was distributed to the contact lists of 5 HNC advocacy groups evaluating patient and survivor needs and concerns related to their cancer care and COVID‐19. Results There were 171 respondents, with 75% in the posttreatment period. The most common concern was contraction of COVID‐19 (49%). More patients in active treatment preferred in‐person visits than those in the early (≤5 years) and late ( 〉 5) survivorship period (72% vs 61% vs 40%, P 〈 . 001). A higher percentage of late survivors preferred virtual visits (38% vs 28%, P =. 001). In total, 91 (53.2%) respondents sought emotional support outside of immediate family and friends. This included cancer support groups (36.2%), the medical team (29.7%), and other sources outside of these (34.1%), including faith‐based organizations and online communities. A higher proportion of women than men (62% vs 41%, P =. 001) were seeking emotional support outside of immediate family and friends. Conclusions During the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, patients with HNC who were actively undergoing treatment had increased need for support resources and preferred in‐person provider visits. Alternatively, a higher percentage of patients 〉 5 years from treatment preferred virtual visits. Emotional support outside of family and friends was sought out by a majority of respondents. Further research is needed to determine what support and educational resources are needed to best aid these various populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2473-974X , 2473-974X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2898361-0
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  • 5
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 12_Supplement ( 2022-06-15), p. CT216-CT216
    Abstract: Purpose/Objectives: Tumor responses to cancer treatments are highly context-specific and often involve complex interactions between the anti-cancer therapy, genetically diverse tumor cells, and a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). All preclinical models fall short in capturing this complexity. CIVO (Comparative In Vivo Oncology) is an intratumoral microdose injection research tool intended to bridge the translational gap between preclinical and clinical studies by enabling in situ assessment of up to 8 oncology drugs or drug combinations simultaneously within a patient’s tumor. The CIVO Phase 0 model was established under FDA’s exploratory IND guidelines for microdosing. A Master Protocol was then developed, enabling ongoing evaluation of multiple investigational drugs and combinations without a need for stand-alone new protocols. Each investigational drug or combination is specified as a substudy of the Master Protocol, thus reducing administrative burden to clinical site staff and creating an infrastructure to ensure quality data and oversight of patient safety. This is a multi-center, open-label Phase 0 Master Protocol designed to study the localized pharmacodynamics (PD) of anti-cancer therapies within the TME when administered intratumorally in microdose quantities via the CIVO device. The safety of intratumoral microdose administration via the CIVO device will also be evaluated. Materials/Methods: Approximately 12 subjects are expected to be enrolled per substudy. All substudies will evaluate subjects ≥18 years with a diagnosis of solid tumors with scheduled surgical intervention. Eligible subjects have at least one lesion (primary or recurrent tumor or effaced metastatic lymph node) ≥2 cm in the shortest diameter that is surface accessible for CIVO injection. Each substudy will define the tumor type and specific eligibility criteria for enrollment. The study visits consist of screening, CIVO injection, surgical intervention, and two follow-up visits. All patients will be injected by the CIVO device containing microdose quantities of drugs specified in respective substudies. The CIVO device can be configured with 3, 5, or 8 needles and the device configuration will be assigned on a per-patient basis, dependent upon lesion size. Following surgical resection, the injected portion of the tumor will undergo central PD biomarker analysis. At the time of submission, the study is open for enrollment with 1 substudy enrolling Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and 1 substudy enrolling HNSCC or soft tissue sarcoma patients. The Master Protocol was established to efficiently add substudies and accommodate evaluation of a wider repertoire of new agents in order to continually inform and de-risk drug development via the CIVO platform. Clinical trial information: NCT04541108. Citation Format: Karthik Rajasekaran, Jason G. Newman, Robert G. Maki, Thomas J. Ow, Vikas Mehta, Kenneth R. Gundle, Daniel R. Clayburgh, Ryan J. Li, Mercedes Porosnicu, Cherie-Ann O. Nathan, Alice Tang, Beryl A. Hatton, Kimberly H. Sottero, Gloria Kung, Marc O. Grenley, Kirsten Anderson, Richard A. Klinghoffer. A phase 0 master protocol utilizing a novel intratumoral microdosing approach for simultaneously evaluating multiple drugs and drug combinations in patients with solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT216.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-7445
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Vol. 149, No. S2 ( 2013-09)
    In: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Wiley, Vol. 149, No. S2 ( 2013-09)
    Abstract: Detection and treatment of precancerous lesions is a challenge given the widespread nature of these lesions. Advances in optical visualization using the world's smallest microscope, availability of commercial products evaluating fluorescent targeting of abnormal tissue and molecular biology will play an important role in determining when to initiate treatment. Clinical trials with promising targeted agents and nutraceuticals, a billion dollar industry, will be discussed. With the emerging epidemic of HPV tumors early detection and prevention will be key in counseling patients and their families. Screening salivary rinses and serum for markers of early detection or persistent disease will be discussed. Educational Objectives: 1) Apply novel approaches for HPV detection and prevention of oropharyngeal cancer. 2) Recognize intra‐operative detection and treatment of premalignant lesions using the world's smallest microscope, novel fluorescent agents, and laser treatment. 3) Describe chemoprevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with special emphasis on clinical trials with targeted agents and nutraceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-5998 , 1097-6817
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008453-5
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  • 7
    In: Molecular Carcinogenesis, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 33-44
    Abstract: TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HPV‐negative TP53 mutant HNSCC have the worst prognosis, necessitating additional agents for treatment. Since mutant p53 causes sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, we investigated the effect of rapalogs RAD001 and CCI‐779 on HPV‐negative mutTP53 HNSCC cell lines and xenografts. Rapalogs significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation. Interestingly, rapalogs‐induced autophagy with no effect on apoptosis. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors, 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and ULK‐101 rescued the cell viability by inhibiting rapalog‐induced autophagy, suggesting that both RAD001 and CCI‐779 induce non‐apoptotic autophagy‐dependent cell death (ADCD). Moreover, rapalogs upregulated the levels of ULK1 and pULK1 S555 with concomitant downregulation of the mTORC1 pathway. However, pretreatment of cells with rapalogs prevented the ULK‐101‐mediated inhibition of ULK1 to sustained autophagy, suggesting that rapalogs induce ADCD through the activation of ULK1. To further translate our in vitro studies, we investigated the effect of RAD001 in HPV‐negative mut TP53 (HN31 and FaDu) tumor cell xenograft model in nude mice. Mice treated with RAD001 exhibited a significant tumor volume reduction without induction of apoptosis, and with a concomitant increase in autophagy. Further, treatment with RAD001 was associated with a considerable increase in pULK1 S555 and ULK1 levels through the inhibition of mTORC1. 3‐MA reversed the effect of RAD001 on FaDu tumor growth suggesting that RAD001 promotes ACDC in HPV‐negative mut TP53 xenograft. This is the first report demonstrating that rapalogs promote non‐apoptotic ADCD in HPV‐negative mut TP53 HNSCC via the ULK1 pathway. Further studies are required to establish the promising role of rapalogs in preventing the regrowth of HPV‐negative mut TP53 HNSCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-1987 , 1098-2744
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001984-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics Vol. 116, No. 1 ( 2023-05), p. 191-193
    In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 116, No. 1 ( 2023-05), p. 191-193
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0360-3016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500486-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ochsner Journal ; 2022
    In:  Ochsner Journal Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022), p. 22-25
    In: Ochsner Journal, Ochsner Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022), p. 22-25
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1524-5012 , 1524-5012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ochsner Journal
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088224-5
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  • 10
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 5040-5048
    Abstract: Investigate whether adjuvant everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and provide outcomes related to correlative biological factors associated with disease control. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase II trial of patients with advanced-stage HNSCC from 13 institutions who were confirmed disease-free post-definitive therapy and enrolled between December 2010 and March 2015. Patients received adjuvant everolimus or placebo daily (10 mg, oral) for a maximum of 1 year. p16 IHC as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus infection and whole-exome sequencing were performed. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard rates. Log-rank tests evaluated differences in survival. The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints and objectives included overall survival (OS) and toxicity assessment. Results: 52 patients [median (range) age, 58 (37–76) years; 43 men (83%), 9 women (17%)] were randomized to placebo (n = 24) or everolimus (n = 28). PFS favored everolimus, but was not significant [log-rank P = 0.093; HR = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–1.17] . There was no difference in OS (P = 0.29; HR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.20–16.2). Everolimus resulted in significant improvement in PFS for p16-negative patients (n = 31; P = 0.031; HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07–0.97), although subgroup analysis showed no difference for p16-positive patients (n = 21; P = 0.93). Further, PFS was significantly higher in TP53-mutated (TP53mut) patients treated with everolimus compared with placebo (log-rank P = 0.027; HR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06–0.95). No treatment difference was seen in patients with TP53 wild-type tumors (P = 0.79). Conclusions: p16-negative and TP53mut patients may benefit from adjuvant treatment with everolimus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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