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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Forensically Important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Intra-Puparial Age Estimation Utilizing Multiple Methods at Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-11), p. 1607-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-11), p. 1607-
    Abstract: Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) has the potential to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Development data and intra-puparial age estimation are significant for PMImin estimation. Previous research has focused on constant temperatures, although fluctuating temperatures are a more real scenario at a crime scene. The current study examined the growth patterns of S. peregrina under constant (25.75 °C) and fluctuating temperatures (18–36 °C; 22–30 °C). Furthermore, differentially expressed genes, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and cuticular hydrocarbons of S. peregrina during the intra-puparial period were used to estimate age. The results indicated that S. peregrina at fluctuating temperatures took longer to develop and had a lower pupariation rate, eclosion rate, and pupal weight than the group at constant temperatures did. Moreover, we found that six DEG expression profiles and ATR-FTIR technology, CHCs detection methods, and chemometrics can potentially estimate the intra-puparial age of S. peregrina at both constant and fluctuating temperatures. The findings of the study support the use of S. peregrina for PMImin estimation and encourage the use of entomological evidence in forensic practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13101607
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Age Determination of Chrysomya megacephala Pupae through Reflectance and Machine Learning Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Insects Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 184-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 184-
    Abstract: Estimating the age of pupa during the development time of the blow fly Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is of forensic significance as it assists in determining the time of colonization (TOC), which could help to determine the postmortem interval (PMI). However, establishing an objective, accurate, and efficient method for pupa age inference is still a leading matter of concern among forensic entomologists. In this study, we utilized hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology to analyze the reflectance changes of pupa development under different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C). The spectrograms showed a downtrend under all temperatures. We used PCA to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data, and then machine learning models (RF, SVR-RBF, SVR-POLY, XGBR, and Lasso) were built. RF, SVR with RBF kernel, and XGBR could show promise in accurate developmental time estimation using accumulated degree days. Among these, the XGBR model consistently exhibited the most minor errors, ranging between 3.9156 and 7.3951 (MAE). This study has identified the value of further refinement of HSI in forensic applications involving entomological specimens, and identified the considerable potential of HSI in forensic practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects15030184
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The gut bacterial composition across life stages of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and the effects of amikacin on their development
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Medical Entomology ( 2024-06-21)
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Entomology, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2024-06-21)
    Abstract: Insects and microorganisms, ubiquitous organisms in the natural world, have developed intricate relationships throughout their evolutionary histories. However, most studies have concentrated on specific time points or life stages, but some limited studies have investigated the dynamics of microbial diversity within insects across life stages. Here, 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to investigate the gut bacterial community across the life stages of Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The results revealed that the gut bacterial diversity of S. peregrina varied with life stage and showed similarity in the nearby life stages. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in S. peregrina. Genera such as Providencia, Ignatzschineria, and Myroides are implicated in potentially pivotal roles during the developmental processes of this flesh fly. Furthermore, the effects of amikacin on the growth and development of S. peregrina were not statistically significant. However, we did observe significant changes at the protein level, which suggests a close association between protein-level alterations and growth and development. Additionally, we speculate that S. peregrina regulates its nutritional status during nonfeeding stages to meet the demands of eclosion. This study represents the first comprehensive examination of the intestinal bacterial composition across various life stages of S. peregrina. Our findings deepen our understanding of the gut microbiota in this flesh fly and lay the groundwork for further exploration into the intricate interactions between microorganisms and insects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2585 , 1938-2928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae071
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031006-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the Influence of Changing and Fixed Temperatures on the Growth and Pteridine Content in the Head of Adults Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2023-07-25), p. 2402-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2023-07-25), p. 2402-
    Abstract: Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are regarded as significant in medical and veterinary entomology, and their development models can be utilized as considerable markers to ascertain the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). In this research, we explored the growth cycle and larval body length of Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart 1839 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) reared under variable temperatures ranging from 15.7 to 31.1 °C, with an average of 24.55 °C and relative humidity ranges from 31.4 to 82.8% and at six fixed temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and then 35 °C. Moreover, pteridine from the head was used to assess adult age grading. Our results allowed us to provide three development models: the isomorphen chart, the isomegalen chart, and the thermal summation models. The time taken for S. crassipalpis to complete its development from larviposition to adult emergence at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C was 1256.3 ± 124.2, 698.6 ± 15.1, 481.8 ± 35.7, 366.0 ± 13.5, and 295.8 ± 20.5 h, respectively, except 35 °C, where all pupae were unable to attain adulthood. They lasted 485.8 ± 5.4 h under variable temperatures. The minimum developmental limit (D0) temperature and the thermal summation constant (K) of S. crassipalpis were 9.31 ± 0.55 °C and 7290.0 ± 388.4 degree hours, respectively. The increase in pteridine content exhibited variations across different temperatures. There was quite a considerable distinction in the pteridine contents of male and female S. crassipalpis at 15 °C (p = 0.0075) and 25 °C (p = 0.0213). At 32 °C and variable temperatures, the pteridine content between female and male S. crassipalpis was not statistically divergent. However, temperature and gender remain the main factors influencing the pteridine content in the head of S. crassipalpis. We aim to provide detailed developmental data on S. crassipalpis that can be used as a valuable resource for future research and PMI estimation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13152402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Predicting the Weathering Time by the Empty Puparium of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) with the ANN Models
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2022-09-05), p. 808-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2022-09-05), p. 808-
    Abstract: Empty puparium are frequently collected at crime scenes and may provide valuable evidence in cases with a long postmortem interval (PMI). Here, we collected the puparium of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) for 120 days at three temperatures (10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C) with the aim to estimate the weathering time of empty puparium. The CHC profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The partial least squares (PLS), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to estimate the weathering time. This identified 49 CHCs with a carbon chain length between 10 and 33 in empty puparium. The three models demonstrate that the variation tendency of hydrocarbon could be used to estimate the weathering time, while the ANN models show the best predictive ability among these three models. This work indicated that puparial hydrocarbon weathering has certain regularity with weathering time and can gain insight into estimating PMI in forensic investigations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13090808
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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