In:
PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2022-9-15), p. e0274673-
Abstract:
This work proposed a novel procedure of Water Quality Index (WQI) development that could be used for practical applications on a local or regional scale, based on available monitoring data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the monthly data of 11 water quality parameters (pH, conductivity (EC), total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), five -day biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (N-NH 4 ), nitrate (N-NO 3 ), phosphate (P-PO 4 ), total coliform, and total dissolved iron monitored at 11 sites at Huong river in the years 2014–2016. From the PCA, the three extracted principal components explained 67% of the total variance of original variables. From the set of communality values, the weight (w i ) for each parameter was determined. Linear sub-index functions were established based on the permissible limits from the National Technical Regulations on Surface Water Quality set up by the Vietnam Environment Agency (VEA) to derive the sub-index (q i ) for each parameter. The multiplicative formula that is the product of the sub-indices (q i ) raised to the respective weights (w i ), was used for calculation of the final WQI values. The proposed index (WQI) was then applied to the river with quarterly data of the 11 parameters monitored at ten sites in the years 2017–2020. The WQI representatively reflected the actual status of the river overall water quality, of which 97.8% of the WQI values belonged to grades of EXCELLENT and GOOD, and 2.2% of grade MODERATE. Comparison between the river water quality evaluations resulting from the developed WQI with the WQI adopted by National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI) and the index issued by Vietnam Environment Agency (VN-WQI) indicated that the proposed WQI was more suitable for river quality assessment.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1932-6203
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.t002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.t003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.t004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.t005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.t006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274673.s004
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2267670-3
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