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  • 1
    In: International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1419-1426
    Abstract: This study examined the correlations of both serum and urine interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) levels with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was also aimed at determining their sensitivity and specificity as biomarkers of disease activity in SLE. Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed involving SLE patients (n = 120 patients) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Serum and urinary IL‐17A levels were determined by immunoassay while disease activity was assessed using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index‐2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group's 2004 index (BILAG 2004) scores. The correlations between serum and urinary IL‐17A levels with total SLEDAI‐2K and BILAG 2004 scores were determined using bivariate correlation analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to determine their sensitivity and specificity as disease activity biomarkers. Results Both serum and urinary IL‐17A levels correlated with total scores of BILAG 2004, BILAG renal, BILAG mucocutaneous, and SLEDAI‐2K ( P  〈   0.05). Urine IL‐17A levels correlated positively with urine protein : creatinine index while serum IL‐17 level correlated with the BILAG hematology score (all P  〈   0.05). The area under curve of serum IL‐17A and urine IL‐17A with BILAG and SLEDAI scores were low ( 〈 0.75). Conclusion Despite positive correlations between serum and urine IL‐17A with SLE disease activity, both were neither sensitive nor specific as biomarkers to predict active disease. Hence, IL‐17 measurement has no role in SLE disease activity assessments and future studies are needed to search for other reliable activity biomarkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-1841 , 1756-185X
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2427877-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA ; 2020
    In:  Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2020-12-31), p. 46-
    In: Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2020-12-31), p. 46-
    Abstract: Over the years, environmental concerns have been extensively discussed. Natural resources are increasingly being diminished for the unscrupulous benefits of business profitability, resulting in an inherent need for alternative solutions. Following this, an application of green marketing concept could be warranted in pursuit of an augmented awareness on environmental conservations. This study aims to investigate the extent to which green marketing tools, namely, eco-brand, eco-labelling, ecopackaging and environmental advertisement affect consumers’ purchase behaviour towards greenrelated products or services. Using a non-probability sampling technique, a total of 300 survey questionnaires were distributed to targeted respondents. However, only 189 feedbacks were usable for further statistical analyses. Regression result revealed that only eco-packaging and environmental advertisement had significant effects on consumer purchasing behaviour. Eco brand and eco labelling proved otherwise. Several managerial implications are further discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2550-1429
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2899332-9
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