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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    The challenges of management: Recent experiences in implementing fisheries co‐management in Lake Victoria, Kenya
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Lakes & Reservoirs: Science, Policy and Management for Sustainable Use Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2015-09), p. 139-154
    Details
    In: Lakes & Reservoirs: Science, Policy and Management for Sustainable Use, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2015-09), p. 139-154
    Abstract: This study examined the efficacy of community‐level fishery co‐management organizations called Beach Management Units ( BMU s) along the Kenyan shores of Lake Victoria. BMU s were established to enhance sustainable Lake Victoria fishery management through increasing the level of community participation to assist in the administration of fisheries rules and regulations by, and for, the fishers. Inefficiencies have emerged, however, inhibiting the effective execution of sustainable fisheries management by the BMU s. Data were collected from 36 BMU s along the Kenyan shores of Lake Victoria. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS Version 20.0. The results indicated that BMU s are successful at educating fishers and that they are aware of fishing rules and regulations. Nevertheless, high violation rates were also observed, suggesting BMU s have limited impact on fisher decisions to comply with regulations. Data suggest that the failure to comply may be due to lack of adequate financial and equipment resources for monitoring, control and surveillance ( MCS ) operations, making them unable to control illegal fishing in their areas of jurisdiction. Furthermore, financial mechanisms, which would allow BMU s to sustainably fund their administrative and MCS operations, are weak, thereby reducing the BMU s ability to effectively function. The data from this study highlight two activities illustrating significant indices of good performance, namely resolving disputes and receiving visitors. The data also suggest the creation of BMU s has not ensured successful implementation of co‐management of Lake Victoria fisheries. BMU s are successful at activities of a social nature, but have poorly undertaken their core functions related to enforcement and compliance with fishing rules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1320-5331 , 1440-1770
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/lre.2015.20.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/lre.12095
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020624-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Threats to aquatic biodiversity and possible management strategies in Lake Victoria
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2024-02)
    Details
    In: Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2024-02)
    Abstract: Lake Victoria is the second‐largest freshwater lake in the world, with a surface area of 68,800 km 2 . The lake is rich in natural resources that are essential to the local economy and livelihoods. However, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ranks 76% of freshwater species endemic to the Lake Victoria Basin as threatened with extinction. The biodiversity richness of the lake is still diminishing, and the risk of species extinction is increasing. Many species are yet to be identified, and thus the number of species threatened with extinction exceeds what is currently known. Furthermore, the lake is home to species that are found nowhere else on the planet, but its protection is never given the attention it needs. Genetic diversity loss is harmful to future populations and influences sustainability of the ecosystem. The decline in Lake Victoria's biodiversity is primarily attributed to various pressing issues, including water pollution, invasive species, climate change, overexploitation and the challenges stemming from high human population density. These problems are exacerbated by inadequate regulatory enforcement and a lack of comprehensive data and information to inform and guide conservation efforts. If these factors are not addressed, they may have a detrimental impact on Lake Biodiversity. This article aims to document the main threats to aquatic biodiversity as well as potential management strategies for preventing further losses of the aquatic biodiversity in Lake Victoria. The study recommends reviewing, bolstering and reinforcing the rules and regulations governing the extraction, accessibility and discharge of nutrients into the lake. The national governments should work with local governments, non‐governmental organizations and local people to safeguard and conserve the lake's biodiversity. The national governments of the riparian nations should also reserve funds each fiscal year specifically for research that would inform effective management measures to prevent further losses of the lake's biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2693-8847 , 2693-8847
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.v4.1
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.143
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3119348-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Role of multilateral development organizations, public and private investments in aquaculture subsector in Kenya
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems Vol. 7 ( 2023-8-2)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 7 ( 2023-8-2)
    Abstract: Rapid population and economic growth, increased health benefits of aquatic food, and changes in lifestyles and preferences as a result of rapid urbanization and globalization are all contributing to the rapid growth of aquaculture production in Kenya. Despite significant investment efforts from the national and devolved governments as well as donors and international organizations, smallholder aquaculture production is yet to result in a significant increase in incomes and improved food and nutrition security. We conducted a scoping review to investigate the roles of multilateral development organizations, international financial institutions, and public and private investments in Kenya’s aquaculture subsector. We draw on lessons learned from previous projects implemented at the national, county, and farm levels to make recommendations for sustainable aquaculture intensification in Kenya. To unlock Kenya’s aquaculture potential and improve its food and nutrition status, deliberate efforts must be made to create a conducive environment for public and private investment in the industry. First, there is a need to coordinate and clearly articulate the roles and responsibilities among devolved and national governments, donors, and financial institutions through public-private partnerships to ensure optimal allocation of financial, human, and infrastructure resources. Second, more collaborative research should be devoted to the design and construction of climate smart culture systems, developing new species to guarantee supply of high-quality products; developing and scaling low-cost and highly nutritious fish feeds based on novel ingredients; and enhancing resilient livelihoods through innovative aquaculture practices and market linkages to create employment opportunities for youth and women. Finally, the national and devolved governments should create an enabling policy environment through tax incentives and regulatory reforms to combat climate change, protect nature and biodiversity, sustain livelihoods, and mainstream food and nutrition initiatives into the design and implementation of future aquaculture projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-581X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1208918
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2928540-9
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The prospects of biofloc technology (BFT) for sustainable aquaculture development
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Scientific African Vol. 14 ( 2021-11), p. e01053-
    Details
    In: Scientific African, Elsevier BV, Vol. 14 ( 2021-11), p. e01053-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2468-2276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01053
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2957174-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Biofloc and green water condition improves reproductive traits and fatty acid composition of Artemia franciscana cultured under limited algal conditions
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-02), p. 61-70
    Details
    In: Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-02), p. 61-70
    Abstract: This study investigated the effect of biofloc and green water conditions on the survival, growth, reproductive traits, and fatty acid composition of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana . Artemia was cultured in glass jars using three replicated treatments, that is, Control (7.0 × 10 6 cells ml −1 of freshly cultured Tetraselmis tetrathele ), green water technology—GWT (control + 0.5 g/L of chicken manure extract [CME]) and biofloc technology—BFT (GWT + molasses). Artemia cysts were hatched and batch cultured in a 1‐L glass jar containing 500 ml of natural seawater, stocked at 2 nauplii/ml. In the first 2 days, Artemia was fed with fresh T. tetrathele for conditioning, after which each treatment was applied daily until the end of the experiment. Artemia cultures were maintained at 28.0 ± 1°C using an electrically heated water bath system with constant aeration and light (2000 lux) for 30 days. There was higher Artemia survival in BFT (91.3 ± 3.2%) cultures than GWT (78.1 ± 2.9%) and Control (66.8 ± 1.3%). Female pre‐reproductive period (days) was longer (25 ± 0.5) in control than in GWT (21.8 ± 0.7) and BFT (19.6 ± 0.6), while reproductive period (days) was longer in BFT (20.9 ± 2.6) than GWT (16.4 ± 2.3) and Control (12.8 ± 1.9). Total broods per female per day were higher in BFT (4.3 ± 0.3) than in GWT (3.5 ± 0.2) and Control (2.5 ± 0.3). BFT enhanced the ovoviviparous reproduction cycle with higher total offspring per female (73.5 ± 6.1) than GWT (66.2 ± 7.9) and Control (42.6 ± 12.1). BFT‐cultured Artemia had higher concentrations of myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidic acid. Better Artemia reproductive and nutritive traits in BFT conditions could have been enhanced by the combination of nutritious biofloc and algal materials. BFT and CME promise a major leap towards developing a nutritionally rich diet for Artemia .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2693-8847 , 2693-8847
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.v3.1
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.89
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3119348-1
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  • 6
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    Promoting Sustainable Smallholder Aquaculture Productivity Through Landscape and Seascape Aquapark Models: A Case Study of Busia County, Kenya
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems Vol. 6 ( 2022-6-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2022-6-29)
    Abstract: The dwindling capture fisheries has triggered an increase in Kenya's annual fish demand deficit, currently estimated at 553,000 MT. With the adoption of sustainable policies, aquaculture can bridge and surpass this deficit. Kenya's fish farming environment is however characterized by its highly fragmented production farms, which limit the dynamism and technical change needed to commercialize aquaculture. The global trend in the commercialization of food production is through the consolidation of farmlands. For example, most farms in the United States of America were also once small, but because of the policy of land consolidation, the farmlands average 1,000 acres. Over the past decade, much of Sub-Saharan African nations are experiencing a rise of 5–100 hectares except in Kenya, where the laws have exacerbated the situation. Amid declining agricultural productivity, farm-level efficiency and food security problems, land fragmentation is emerging as a key policy question in Kenya and is the single largest bottleneck, to aquaculture growth in Busia. A paradigm shift in the aquaculture development policy will enable aggregated production of fish under a fragmented land tenure. This study discusses the need to remodel the current fragmented and uncoordinated cluster-based smallholder aquaculture development strategy by adopting a hybrid aquapark concept. In this concept, the aggregated smallholder aquaparks are established and managed through specialized management service provision units and linked to adjacent smallholder aquaculture production clusters with a community-based coordination and support framework. The study further gives the application and socioeconomic experiences of the pilot aquapark concept of aquaculture development in Busia County. The aquapark model coupled with the deliberate establishment of aquaculture-enabling infrastructure has enhanced the efficiency, profitability, and productivity of aquaculture production. The realization of smallholder community-owned large-scale fish farms through aquaparks offers a window for dynamism and technical change necessary for the commercialization of aquaculture under a fragmented land tenure system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-581X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.898044
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2928540-9
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) culture in Kenya: Emerging production technologies and socio‐economic impacts on local livelihoods
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2022-08), p. 265-276
    Details
    In: Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2022-08), p. 265-276
    Abstract: Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) is one of the most farmed fish globally, with a significant contribution improving local livelihoods, especially in developing countries. Nile tilapia was first cultured in Kenya in 1924 and is the most cultured fish species. Annually, O. niloticus accounts for 62% (∼15,000 tonnes) of total aquaculture production. Although O. niloticus is the most preferred cultured fish, its culture faces challenges, for example, early maturation due to prolific breeding behaviour leading to stunted growth that limits its culture and profitability among smallholder farmers. With the surging demand for locally farmed fish, innovative technologies have emerged to boost aquaculture production. Donor and public research‐funded projects, for instance, the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project, are validating various aquaculture technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs) to achieve ‘triple wins’ of increased fish production, improved resilience and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)‐funded Aquaculture Business Development Programme aims at commercialising aquaculture to improve local livelihoods. In this study, we adopt a scoping review methodology to review and synthesise published literature on tilapia culture in Kenya to explore current and emerging tilapia production technologies and document their socio‐economic impacts on farmers’ livelihoods. These emerging innovative technologies range from culture systems, for example, biofloc, periphyton, fingerpond technology, integrated aquaculture, breeding and genetics (selective breeding), fish health and biosecurity measures, to post‐harvest loss reduction, value addition and marketing. The study findings reveal that the technologies have great potential to increase tilapia production and profitability and positively impact the local livelihoods of smallholder fish farmers through employment creation, economic growth and better nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2693-8847 , 2693-8847
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.v2.4
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.58
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3119348-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Critical Aspects of Aquafeed Value Chain in the Kenyan Aquaculture Sector- A Review
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2021
    In:  Sustainable Agriculture Research Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-04-20), p. 87-
    Details
    In: Sustainable Agriculture Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-04-20), p. 87-
    Abstract: This article reviews critical aspects of the aquafeed value chain in the Kenyan aquaculture sector. Aquaculture production in Kenya has grown steadily in recent years, to more than 18,000 tons in 2019. Due to the growing demand for fish and fish products, there has been a gradual shift from extensive to semi-intensive to moderately intensive aquaculture systems, leading to an increased demand for high quality commercial fish feeds. The current annual demand for fish feed in Kenya is estimated at 34,000 tons. It is the lack of sufficient and high-quality local fish feed production that has created a market for fish feed importers, which is currently estimated at 7,000 tons annually. However, the imported fish feed is expensive for most fish farmers, leading to low production. Local fish feed production through home-based formulation should be driven by fish farmers to contain the rising cost of feeds. Most cottage feed manufacturers produce mash, crumbles or sinking pellets because they lack extruder for making floating pellets, hence the need for quality control in the aqua-feed sector. Fish feed producers are weakly covered by financial services providers, hence the inability to compete effectively with other value chains. The paper outlines five key actors in the aqua-feed value chain from production to marketing. These include; raw material (ingredients) suppliers, feed manufacturers (feed formulators), distributors/wholesalers, retailers, and customers who are fish farmers. We recommend intensification of local aqua-feed production using locally available materials to reduce the importation. This will ensure the long term economic and ecological sustainability of the aquaculture sector. There is a need for favourable policies to lower importation rates for raw materials as a way of boosting the availability of additional feed resources and inputs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1927-0518 , 1927-050X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/sar.v10n2p87
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2688548-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Phytoplankton distribution along a salinity gradient in two Kenyan saltworks (Tana and Kurawa)
    African Journals Online (AJOL) ; 2022
    In:  Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2022-08-23), p. 113-124
    Details
    In: Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2022-08-23), p. 113-124
    Abstract: The current study assessed the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton genera in two Kenyan saltworks (Tana and Kurawa) in March and September 2021. Water samples were obtained from ponds with salinities ranging from 30 to 200 ppt by filtering 40 l of water using a 20-μm phytoplankton net. Seventy-six genera of phytoplankton were identified. Genera richness, evenness and diversity decreased with increasing salinity while phytoplankton abundance increased with increasing salinity. Higher phytoplankton densities were observed in the Tana than in the Kurawa saltworks. Ponds of 〈 100 ppt were dominated by Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae which accounted for 〉 90 % of the phytoplankton community. Ponds of salinities 〉 100 ppt were dominated by Cyanophyceae which accounted for 〉 90 % of the phytoplankton community. From the results it was concluded that Kenyan saltworks host diverse phytoplankton genera whose richness decreases with increasing salinity and varies with seasons. The present data describes variation of phytoplankton assemblages in salt ponds between two selected seasons, but several samplings throughout the year would be more appropriate to describe variations of phytoplankton with season in these salt ponds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2683-6416 , 0856-860X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v21i1.9
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2658197-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Biofloc system improves protein utilization efficiency and growth performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fry: Experimental evidence
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2022-04), p. 94-103
    Details
    In: Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2022-04), p. 94-103
    Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of biofloc technology (BFT) on protein utilization and growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fry under green house for 14 weeks under a 3 × 2 factorial design involving three crude protein (CP) levels (22, 27 and 35%) and two different carbon sources. Molasses and glucose were independently used as carbon sources in the BFT tanks with aeration using air stones. Mono‐sex fish fry of mean weight 0.07 ± 0.01 g and total length 13.1 ± 0.01 mm were stocked at density of 1 fish per litre. The fishes were fed on the three commercial diets that were randomly assigned in triplicates, with the control treatment being 35% CP. Feeding was done twice daily at 5% body weight, while sludge was siphoned weekly. Calculations of specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), food conversion ratio (FCR), survival and measurement of water quality parameters were also performed. Protein levels and carbon sources had significant effects ( p   〈  0.05) on dissolved oxygen (DO) and NH 3 protein levels and carbon sources had significant interaction ( p   〈  0.05) on pH. There was a significantly higher FCR in the control treatment (0.89) than in glucose (0.56–0.57) and molasses (0.59–0.63) bioflocs; furthermore, it was significantly different between the carbon sources. The PER was significantly higher in the control (8.42) than in glucose (5.03–7.99) and molasses (4.81–7.23) bioflocs. No significant interactions ( p   〉  0.05) of protein levels and carbon sources were recorded on PER. However, it was significantly affected ( p   〈  0.05) by protein levels and carbon sources. No significant effects ( p   〉  0.05) of dietary protein level, carbon source, or their interaction were observed on SGR and condition factor. The SGR was significantly lower in the control (2.91) than glucose (3.52–3.59) and molasses (3.49‐3.56) bioflocs. The condition factor was significantly lower in the control (0.81) than glucose (1.72–1.83) and molasses (1.82–1.84) bioflocs. Survival rates were significantly higher in glucose ( 〉 97%) and molasses ( 〉 94%) than the control with a lower value of 74.7%. The biofloc increased protein utilization efficiency, which improved FCR and enhanced fish growth rate even with a lower dietary protein level. Further studies should evaluate the applicability of BFT in outdoor cultures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2693-8847 , 2693-8847
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.v2.2
    DOI: 10.1002/aff2.32
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3119348-1
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