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  • 1
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    Rumen Fluid Amine/Phenol-Metabolome of Beef Steers with Divergent Residual Feed Intake Phenotype
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Ruminants Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-01-04), p. 1-8
    Details
    In: Ruminants, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-01-04), p. 1-8
    Abstract: The amine/phenol-metabolome of rumen fluid was analyzed to identify amino acid metabolism-related biomarkers associated with phenotypic selection for low or high residual feed intake (RFI) in beef cattle. Fourteen beef steers (most feed-efficient (HFE; RFI = −1.89 kg/d, n = 7) and least feed-efficient (LFE; RFI = +2.05 kg/d, n = 7)) were selected from a total of 56 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 261 ± 18.5 kg) after a 49-d feeding period in a dry lot equipped with two GrowSafe intake nodes. Rumen fluid samples were collected 4 h after feeding on d 56, 63, and 70 from the HFE and LFE beef steers. Metabolome analysis of the rumen fluid was performed using chemical isotope labeling/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify all metabolites containing amine/phenol chemical groups, which are mostly amino acid metabolites. A total of 493 metabolites were detected and identified in the rumen fluid. The partial least squares discriminant scores plot showed a slight separation between the two groups of steers, and a total of eight metabolites were found to be differentially abundant (FDR ≤ 0.05). Out of the eight differentially abundant metabolites, four metabolites (isomer 1 of cadaverine, baeocystin, 6-methyladenine, and N(6)-methyllysine) qualified as candidate biomarkers of divergent RFI phenotype based on area under the curve ≥ 0.70. The results of this study revealed that divergent RFI phenotype is associated with alteration in rumen amine/phenol-metabolome of beef steers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-933X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ruminants3010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3136505-X
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  • 2
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    Biomarker of Aflatoxin Ingestion: 1H NMR-Based Plasma Metabolomics of Dairy Cows Fed Aflatoxin B1 with or without Sequestering Agents
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Toxins Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2018-12-18), p. 545-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2018-12-18), p. 545-
    Abstract: The study applied 1H NMR-based plasma metabolomics to identify candidate biomarkers of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ingestion in dairy cows fed no sequestering agents and evaluate the effect of supplementing clay and/or a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on such biomarkers. Eight lactating cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 squares. Treatments were: control, toxin (T; 1725 µg AFB1/head/day), T with clay (CL; 200 g/head/day), and CL with SCFP (CL + SCFP; 35 g of SCFP/head/day). Cows in T, CL, and CL + SCFP were dosed with AFB1 from d 26 to 30. The sequestering agents were top-dressed from d 1 to 33. On d 30 of each period, 15 mL of blood was taken from the coccygeal vessels and plasma samples were prepared by centrifugation. Compared to the control, T decreased plasma concentrations of alanine, acetic acid, leucine, arginine and valine. In contrast, T increased plasma ethanol concentration 3.56-fold compared to control. Treatment with CL tended to reduce sarcosine concentration, whereas treatment with CL + SCFP increased concentrations of mannose and 12 amino acids. Based on size of the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic and fold change (FC) analyses, ethanol was the most significantly altered metabolite in T (AUC = 0.88; FC = 3.56); hence, it was chosen as the candidate biomarker of aflatoxin ingestion in dairy cows fed no sequestering agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120545
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 3
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    Effect of silage inoculants on the quality of baled whole‐crop wheat silages and milking cow performance
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Grassland Science Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2018-07), p. 207-214
    Details
    In: Grassland Science, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2018-07), p. 207-214
    Abstract: The objective of the current experiment was to study the effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on baled whole‐crop wheat silages and on performance parameters of high milking cows that were fed these bales. Treatments included control (no additive), Lacobacillus buchneri 40788 (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 40027 (LP) and Pediococcus pentosaceus 30168 (PP), each applied at 10 6  CFU g −1 fresh matter. Nine kg (dry matter) silages and 20 kg of dry premix were included in the total mix ration (TMR) of 32 high milking Holstein cows in a controlled feeding experiment. In the initial 10 days all cows received the control silage only, followed by 25 days during which the cows received either the control or one of the treated silages in their rations (eight cows/group). All baled silages were of good quality. The daily milk yields in the last week of the experiment were 43.3, 46.5, 44.7 and 44.5 kg, for the control, LB, LP and PP, respectively. The percent milk fat for the respective treatments was 3.39, 3.23, 3.31 and 3.39, and the percent milk protein 3.27, 3.25, 3.31 and 3.28. Among the inoculants used, LB resulted in the largest enhancement of lactating cows performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-6961 , 1744-697X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/grs.2018.64.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/grs.12196
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2186539-5
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  • 4
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    Recombinant Technologies to Improve Ruminant Production Systems: The Past, Present and Future
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Processes Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2020-12-11), p. 1633-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2020-12-11), p. 1633-
    Abstract: The use of recombinant technologies has been proposed as an alternative to improve livestock production systems for more than 25 years. However, its effects on animal health and performance have not been described. Thus, understanding the use of recombinant technology could help to improve public acceptance. The objective of this review is to describe the effects of recombinant technologies and proteins on the performance, health status, and rumen fermentation of meat and milk ruminants. The heterologous expression and purification of proteins mainly include eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems like Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Recombinant hormones have been commercially available since 1992, their effects remarkably improving both the reproductive and productive performance of animals. More recently the use of recombinant antigens and immune cells have proven to be effective in increasing meat and milk production in ruminant production systems. Likewise, the use of recombinant vaccines could help to reduce drug resistance developed by parasites and improve animal health. Recombinant enzymes and probiotics could help to enhance rumen fermentation and animal efficiency. Likewise, the use of recombinant technologies has been extended to the food industry as a strategy to enhance the organoleptic properties of animal-food sources, reduce food waste and mitigate the environmental impact. Despite these promising results, many of these recombinant technologies are still highly experimental. Thus, the feasibility of these technologies should be carefully addressed before implementation. Alternatively, the use of transgenic animals and the development of genome editing technology has expanded the frontiers in science and research. However, their use and implementation depend on complex policies and regulations that are still under development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr8121633
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 5
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    Retraction to: PSVIII-10 Genome-wide CNV analysis unravels a deletion associated with parasite resistance in Florida native sheep
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 99, No. 11 ( 2021-11-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. 11 ( 2021-11-01)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab339
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    PSII-2 Beef steers with divergent average daily gain have altered plasma amine/phenol-metabolome
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 399-399
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 399-399
    Abstract: This study applied a chemical isotope labeling/liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics technique to determine differences in plasma metabolites containing amine/phenol and carbonyl chemical groups in beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Thirty-eight Angus crossbred beef steers (21 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW) from a single source were housed in individual slatted floor pens and were fed the same total mixed ration (CP = 14.5% and NEg = 1.10 Mcal/kg) ad libitum for 42 d with free access to water. After 42 days of feeding, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest ADG (LF: n = 8) and highest (HF: n = 8) ADG. Blood samples were taken from both LF and HF steers and were immediately centrifuged to harvest the plasma. The average daily DM intake of the steers in LF and HF were 6.08 kg ± 0.57 and 6.04 kg ± 0.42, respectively, and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.72). The ADG of LF (0.99 kg ± 0.23) was lower (P = 0.01) than that of HF (1.63 kg ± 0.20). A total number of 42 carbonyl-containing metabolites and 229 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were identified in the plasma samples of both groups. No alteration in carbonyl-metabolome was detected. Ten metabolites including 4,6-dihydroxyquinoline, prolyl-valine, prolyl-leucine, prolyl-isoleucine, L-formylkynurenine, pyrocatechol, and histidine were greater in HF steers whereas 8 metabolites including arginine, phenylalanine, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartyl-threonine were greater in LF steers. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma amine/phenol metabolome. Notably, plasma concentrations of dipeptides containing branched chain amino acid residues (prolyl-valine, prolyl-leucine, prolyl-isoleucine) and metabolites with anti-inflammatory and reactive oxygen-scavenging properties (4,6-dihydroxyquinoline and L-formylkynurenine) were greater in steers with high ADG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.701
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 7
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    PSIX-6 Effects of a live yeast product on ruminal bacterial diversity and metabolome of beef cattle
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 395-395
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 395-395
    Abstract: This study utilized 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic profiling to evaluate the effects of a live yeast product on ruminal bacterial diversity and metabolome of beef steer. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatment sequences in a study with two 25-d experimental periods and a crossover design. The steers were fed 50% concentrate-mix and 50% red clover hay ad libitum. Dietary treatments were (1) control (CON; basal diet) and (2) yeast (YEA; basal diet plus 15 g/d of live yeast product; PMI, Arden Hills, MN, USA). Bacterial diversity was examined by sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Metabolome analysis was performed using an ultra-performance LC-MS system. Relative abundance of bacteria was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and a model that included the effects of treatment, period, and their interaction. Significant differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05. Differential metabolites were filtered using significance estimate of P ≤ 0.10 using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Pearson correlation was used to examine associations between the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria and rumen metabolites. Yeast supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, Christensenellaceae R-7, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcus 2, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Candidatus saccharimonas, Anaerovorax, and Lachnospiraceae. Yeast supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.10) the concentrations of 4-cyclohexanedione and β-d-glucopyranoside, and decreased concentrations of threonic acid, xanthosine, deoxycholic acid, lauroylcarnitine, methoxybenzoic acid, and pentadecylbenzoic acid. Bacteroidales BS11, Christensenellaceae R-7, and Candidatus saccharimonas showed positive correlations with metabolites involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism of energy substrates; the functions of these bacteria are not fully understood in relation to the mode of action of yeast. This study confirms the usefulness of LC–MS-based metabolomics in deciphering the mode of action of live yeast in the rumen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.788
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    PSVIII-8 Genetic parameters for parasite resistance in an endangered and heritage sheep breed from Florida
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 99, No. Supplement_3 ( 2021-10-08), p. 242-242
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_3 ( 2021-10-08), p. 242-242
    Abstract: The Florida Native Sheep is one of the oldest sheep breeds in the United States. This heritage breed from Florida, naturally adapted to humid and hot climate conditions, is one of the most parasite resistant breeds from the Southern US. However, only approximately 1,000 individuals remain alive in the world. Therefore, conservation efforts and breeding programs are critical for survival of this breed. The objective of this research was to estimate genetic parameters for parasite resistance and body condition score in Florida Native sheep. The pedigree file contained 695 animals born between 2018 and 2020 and included 279 individuals with genotypes (38,429 SNP after quality control). The dataset contained 365 animals with phenotypic records at 38 days post-infection (natural Haemonchus contortus infection) for fecal egg count (FEC), blood packed count volume (PCV), FAMACHA score (FAM), and body condition score (BCS). Genetic parameters were estimated using a multi-trait model with a Bayesian implementation in the GIBBS3F90 program. Heritabilities were 0.38 0.07, 0.47 0.05, 0.27 0.04, and 0.52 0.07 for FEC, PCV, FAM, and BCS. Genetic correlations among parasite resistance traits were high and favorable: -0.82 0.06 (FEC-PCV), 0.83 0.07 (FEC-FAM), and -0.94 0.03 (PCV-FAM). Genetic correlations among parasite resistance traits and BCS were -0.42 0.11 (FEC-BCS), 0.75 0.09 (PCV-BCS), and -0.82 0.05 (FAM-BCS). Genetic progress for parasite resistance is possible in Florida Native sheep. The FAMACHA score is a phenotypic parameter easy to record in sheep; therefore, genetic selection for this trait can be effective to improve the remaining traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab235.441
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    325 Candidate Plasma Biomarkers Associated with Residual Feed Intake in Beef Steers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-09-22), p. 155-156
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-09-22), p. 155-156
    Abstract: We applied chemical group-based metabolomics to identify blood metabolic signatures associated with residual feed intake in beef cattle. A group of 56 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 261 ± 18.5 kg) were adapted to a high-forage total mixed ration in a confinement dry lot equipped with GrowSafe intake nodes for period of 49 d to determine their residual feed intake (RFI) classification. After RFI determination, weekly blood samples were collected three times from beef steers with the least RFI [most efficient (HFE); n = 8; RFI = - 1.93 kg/d] and greatest RFI [least efficient (LFE); n = 8; 2.01 kg/d] . Plasma was prepared by centrifugation and composited for each steer. Metabolome analysis was conducted using a chemical isotope labeling (CIL)/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Analyzed metabolites included those containing amine/phenol-, carboxylic acid-, and carbonyl-chemical groups, which are metabolites associated with metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates, respectively. A total number of 495 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were detected and identified; pathway analysis of all these metabolites showed that arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism were enriched (P & lt; 0.10) in HFE, relative to LFE steers. Biomarker analysis of the amine/phenol-metabolome identified methionine, 5-aminopentanoic acid, 2-aminohexanedioic acid, and 4-chlorolysine as candidate biomarkers of RFI [false discovery rate ≤ 0.05; Area Under the Curve (AUC) & gt; 0.90]. A total of 118 and 330 metabolites containing carbonyl- and carboxylic acid-chemical groups, respectively, were detected and identified; no metabolic pathways associated with these metabolites were altered and only one candidate biomarker (methionine sulfoxide) was identified. These results identified five candidate metabolite biomarkers of RFI in beef cattle which are mostly associated with amino acid metabolism. Further validation using a larger cohort of beef cattle of different genetic pedigree is required to confirm these findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.289
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 10
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    PSIX-5 Effects of live yeast on functional attributes of rumen microbiota in beef cattle
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 394-395
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 394-395
    Abstract: This study applied whole-metagenomics shotgun sequencing to evaluate the effects of live yeast supplementation on functional potential of rumen microbiota in beef cattle. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments in cross-over design with two 25-d experimental periods and a 10-d wash-out between the two periods. The steers were housed in individual pens and were fed 50% concentrate and 50% red clover hay ad libitum. Dietary treatments were (1) control (CON; basal diet) and (2) yeast (YEA; basal diet plus 15 g/d of yeast product; PMI, Arden Hills, MN, USA). Rumen fluid samples were collected at 3, 6 and 9 h after feeding on the last day of each period. Sequencing was done on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Differences in the relative abundance of taxa at the species level were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS using a model that included the effects of treatment, period, and their interaction. Dietary yeast supplementation increased (P & lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria, such as Ruminococcus albus, R. champanellensis, R. bromii, and R. obeum, and lactate-utilizing bacteria, such as Megasphera elsdenii, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and D. vulgaris. A total of 154 differentially abundant microbial genes (DAGs) were obtained (false discovery rate & lt; 0.01). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation analysis of the DAGs revealed that pathways involving amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, and polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis were enriched in steers fed YEA. Annotation of the DAGs in carbohydrate-active enzymes database revealed that genes coding for enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, and carbohydrate binding modules were enriched in steers fed YEA. These findings confirm the efficacy of live S. cerevisiae product at reducing redox potential and increasing cellulolytic and lactate-utilizing activities in the rumen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.787
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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