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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Total neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer with high risk factors in Slovenia
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Radiology and Oncology Vol. 53, No. 4 ( 2019-10-25), p. 465-472
    Details
    In: Radiology and Oncology, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 53, No. 4 ( 2019-10-25), p. 465-472
    Abstract: In the light of a high rate of distant recurrence and poor compliance of adjuvant chemotherapy in high risk rectal cancer patients the total neoadjuvant treatment was logical approach to gaining acceptance. We aimed to evaluate toxicity and efficiency of this treatment in patients with rectal cancer and high risk factors for local or distant recurrence. Patients and methods Patients with rectal cancer stage II and III and with at least one high risk factor: T4, presence of extramural vein invasion (EMVI), positive extramesorectal lymph nodes or mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement were treated with four cycles of induction CAPOX/FOLFOX, followed by capecitabine-based radiochemotherapy (CRT) and two consolidation cycles of CAPOX/FOLFOX before the operation. Surgery was scheduled 8–10 weeks after completition of CRT. Results From November 2016 to July 2018 66 patients were evaluable. All patients had stage III disease, 24 (36.4%) had T4 tumors, in 46 (69.7%) EMVI was present and in 47 (71.2%) MRF was involved. After induction chemotherapy, which was completed by 61 (92.4%) of patients, radiologic downstaging of T, N, stage, absence of EMVI or MRF involvement was observed in 42.4%, 62.1%, 36.4%, 69.7% and 68.2%, respectively. All patients completed radiation and 54 (81.8%) patients received both cycles of consolidation chemotherapy. Grade 3 adverse events of neoadjuvant treatment was observed in 4 (6%) patients. Five patients rejected surgery, 3 of them with radiologic complete clinical remissions. One patient did not have definitive surgery of primary tumor due to unexpected cardiac arrest few days after sigmoid colostomy formation. Among 60 operated patients pathological complete response rate was 23.3%, the rate of near complete response was 20% and in 96.7% radical resection was achieved. Pathological T, N and stage downstaging was 65%, 96.7% and 83.4%, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 perioperative complications were anastomotic leakage in 3, pelvic abscess in 1 and paralytic ileus in 2 patients. The rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients irradiated with 3D conformal technique was 12.1% while with IMRT and VMAT it was 37% (p 〈 0.05). Hypofractionation with larger dose per fraction and simultaneous integrated boost used in the latest two was the only factor associated with pCR. Conclusions Total neoadjuvant treatment of high risk rectal cancer is well tolerated and highly effective with excellent tumor and node regression rate and with low toxicity rate. Longer follow up will show if this strategy will improve distant disease control and survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1581-3207
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0046
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2134813-3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    On the Influence of Aging on Classification Performance in the Visual EEG Oddball Paradigm Using Statistical and Temporal Features
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Life Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-31), p. 391-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-31), p. 391-
    Abstract: The utilization of a non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) as an input sensor is a common approach in the field of the brain–computer interfaces (BCI). However, the collected EEG data pose many challenges, one of which may be the age-related variability of event-related potentials (ERPs), which are often used as primary EEG BCI signal features. To assess the potential effects of aging, a sample of 27 young and 43 older healthy individuals participated in a visual oddball study, in which they passively viewed frequent stimuli among randomly occurring rare stimuli while being recorded with a 32-channel EEG set. Two types of EEG datasets were created to train the classifiers, one consisting of amplitude and spectral features in time and another with extracted time-independent statistical ERP features. Among the nine classifiers tested, linear classifiers performed best. Furthermore, we show that classification performance differs between dataset types. When temporal features were used, maximum individuals’ performance scores were higher, had lower variance, and were less affected overall by within-class differences such as age. Finally, we found that the effect of aging on classification performance depends on the classifier and its internal feature ranking. Accordingly, performance will differ if the model favors features with large within-class differences. With this in mind, care must be taken in feature extraction and selection to find the correct features and consequently avoid potential age-related performance degradation in practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life13020391
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Vol. 14 ( 2022-5-3)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2022-5-3)
    Abstract: With advanced age, there is a loss of reaction speed that may contribute to an increased risk of tripping and falling. Avoiding falls and injuries requires awareness of the threat, followed by selection and execution of the appropriate motor response. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and a simple visual reaction task (RT), the goal of our study was to distinguish sensory and motor processing in the upper- and lower-limbs while attempting to uncover the main cause of age-related behavioral slowing. Strength (amplitudes) as well as timing and speed (latencies) of various stages of stimulus- and motor-related processing were analyzed in 48 healthy individuals (young adults, n = 24, mean age = 34 years; older adults, n = 24, mean age = 67 years). The behavioral results showed a significant age-related slowing, where the younger compared to older adults exhibited shorter RTs for the upper- (222 vs. 255 ms; p = 0.006, respectively) and the lower limb (257 vs. 274 ms; p = 0.048, respectively) as well as lower variability in both modalities ( p = 0.001). Using ERP indices, age-related slowing of visual stimulus processing was characterized by overall larger amplitudes with delayed latencies of endogenous potentials in older compared with younger adults. While no differences were found in the P1 component, the later components of recorded potentials for visual stimuli processing were most affected by age. This was characterized by increased N1 and P2 amplitudes and delayed P2 latencies in both upper and lower extremities. The analysis of motor-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) revealed stronger MRCP amplitude for upper- and a non-significant trend for lower limbs in older adults. The MRCP amplitude was smaller and peaked closer to the actual motor response for the upper- than for the lower limb in both age groups. There were longer MRCP onset latencies for lower- compared to upper-limb in younger adults, and a non-significant trend was seen in older adults. Multiple regression analyses showed that the onset of the MRCP peak consistently predicted reaction time across both age groups and limbs tested. However, MRCP rise time and P2 latency were also significant predictors of simple reaction time, but only in older adults and only for the upper limbs. Our study suggests that motor cortical processes contribute most strongly to the slowing of simple reaction time in advanced age. However, late-stage cortical processing related to sensory stimuli also appears to play a role in upper limb responses in the elderly. This process most likely reflects less efficient recruitment of neuronal resources required for the upper and lower extremity response task in older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-4365
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.819576
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.819576.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2558898-9
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Abstract perceptual choice signals during action-linked decisions in the human brain
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023
    In:  PLOS Biology Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2023-10-10), p. e3002324-
    Details
    In: PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2023-10-10), p. e3002324-
    Abstract: Humans can make abstract choices independent of motor actions. However, in laboratory tasks, choices are typically reported with an associated action. Consequentially, knowledge about the neural representation of abstract choices is sparse, and choices are often thought to evolve as motor intentions. Here, we show that in the human brain, perceptual choices are represented in an abstract, motor-independent manner, even when they are directly linked to an action. We measured MEG signals while participants made choices with known or unknown motor response mapping. Using multivariate decoding, we quantified stimulus, perceptual choice, and motor response information with distinct cortical distributions. Choice representations were invariant to whether the response mapping was known during stimulus presentation, and they occupied a distinct representational space from motor signals. As expected from an internal decision variable, they were informed by the stimuli, and their strength predicted decision confidence and accuracy. Our results demonstrate abstract neural choice signals that generalize to action-linked decisions, suggesting a general role of an abstract choice stage in human decision-making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-7885
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.g003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.g004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.g005
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s005
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s006
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324.s007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2126773-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback
    Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH ; 2018
    In:  Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ( 2018-11-20)
    Details
    In: Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH, ( 2018-11-20)
    Abstract: Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) represents a broadly used method that involves a real-time EEG signal measurement, immediate data processing with the extraction of the parameter(s) of interest, and feedback to the individual in a real-time. Using such a feedback loop, the individual may gain better control over the neurophysiological parameters, by inducing changes in brain functioning and, consequently, behavior. It is used as a complementary treatment for a variety of neuropsychological disorders and improvement of cognitive capabilities, creativity or relaxation in healthy subjects. In this review, various types of EEG-NFB training are described, including training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) and frequency and coherence training, with their main results and potential limitations. Furthermore, some general concerns about EEG-NFB methodology are presented, which still need to be addressed by the NFB community. Due to the heterogeneity of research designs in EEG-NFB protocols, clear conclusions on the effectiveness of this method are difficult to draw. Despite that, there seems to be a well-defined path for the EEG-NFB research in the future, opening up possibilities for improvement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1840-4812 , 1512-8601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3785
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2548947-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Stroop in motion: Neurodynamic modulation underlying interference control while sitting, standing, and walking
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Biological Psychology Vol. 178 ( 2023-03), p. 108543-
    Details
    In: Biological Psychology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 178 ( 2023-03), p. 108543-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108543
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496494-6
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 5,2
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