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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S tability and change in patterns of eating disorder symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol. 50, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 748-757
    Details
    In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 50, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 748-757
    Abstract: Using a community adolescent sample, we aimed to (a) empirically derive eating disorder (ED) symptom groups, (b) examine the longitudinal stability of those groups over 10 years, and (c) identify risk factors associated with ED group stability and transition through young adulthood. Young people ( N  = 2,287) from the Project EAT cohort participated at baseline (1998–1999) and at 10‐year follow‐up (2008–2009). Participants completed anthropometric measures at baseline and self‐report surveys on disordered eating symptoms and risk factors at both time points. Latent transition modeling was used to test the first two aims and multinomial logistic regression was used for the third aim. Three groups emerged and were labeled as: (a) asymptomatic, (b) dieting, (c) disordered eating (e.g., binge eating, compensatory behaviors). Stability of group membership over 10 years was highest for those in the asymptomatic group, while those in the dieting group showed equal likelihood of transitioning to any group. There was a 75% chance that those in the disordered eating group would continue to belong to a symptomatic group 10 years later. We found that these transitions could be predicted by baseline risk factors. For example, adolescents with one standard deviation higher depressive symptoms than their peers had 53% higher odds (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.09–2.16) of transitioning from the asymptomatic group to the disordered eating group. Transition among ED groups is relatively common during adolescence and early adulthood. By targeting risk factors such as self‐esteem and familial factors in early adolescence, prevention efforts may be improved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0276-3478 , 1098-108X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.v50.7
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.22692
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492880-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MrpJ Directly Regulates Proteus mirabilis Virulence Factors, Including Fimbriae and Type VI Secretion, during Urinary Tract Infection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 86, No. 10 ( 2018-10)
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 86, No. 10 ( 2018-10)
    Abstract: Proteus mirabilis is a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and urolithiasis. The transcriptional regulator MrpJ inversely modulates two critical aspects of P. mirabilis UTI progression: fimbria-mediated attachment and flagellum-mediated motility. Transcriptome data indicated a network of virulence-associated genes under MrpJ's control. Here, we identify the direct gene regulon of MrpJ and its contribution to P. mirabilis pathogenesis, leading to the discovery of novel virulence targets. Ch romatin i mmuno p recipitation followed by high-throughput seq uencing (ChIP-seq) was used for the first time in a CAUTI pathogen to probe for in vivo direct targets of MrpJ. Selected MrpJ-regulated genes were mutated and assessed for their contribution to UTI using a mouse model. ChIP-seq revealed a palindromic MrpJ binding sequence and 78 MrpJ-bound regions, including binding sites upstream of genes involved in motility, fimbriae, and a type VI secretion system (T6SS). A combinatorial mutation approach established the contribution of three fimbriae ( fim8A , fim14A , and pmpA ) to UTI and a new pathogenic role for the T6SS in UTI progression. In conclusion, this study (i) establishes the direct gene regulon and an MrpJ consensus binding site and (ii) led to the discovery of new virulence genes in P. mirabilis UTI, which could be targeted for therapeutic intervention of CAUTI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00388-18
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptional Analysis of the MrpJ Network: Modulation of Diverse Virulence-Associated Genes and Direct Regulation of mrp Fimbrial and flhDC Flagellar Operons in Proteus mirabilis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 83, No. 6 ( 2015-06), p. 2542-2556
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 6 ( 2015-06), p. 2542-2556
    Abstract: The enteric bacterium Proteus mirabilis is associated with a significant number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Strict regulation of the antagonistic processes of adhesion and motility, mediated by fimbriae and flagella, respectively, is essential for disease progression. Previously, the transcriptional regulator MrpJ, which is encoded by the mrp fimbrial operon, has been shown to repress both swimming and swarming motility. Here we show that MrpJ affects an array of cellular processes beyond adherence and motility. Microarray analysis found that expression of mrpJ mimicking levels observed during UTIs leads to differential expression of 217 genes related to, among other functions, bacterial virulence, type VI secretion, and metabolism. We probed the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation by MrpJ using transcriptional reporters and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Binding of MrpJ to two virulence-associated target gene promoters, the promoters of the flagellar master regulator flhDC and mrp itself, appears to be affected by the condensation state of the native chromosome, although both targets share a direct MrpJ binding site proximal to the transcriptional start. Furthermore, an mrpJ deletion mutant colonized the bladders of mice at significantly lower levels in a transurethral model of infection. Additionally, we observed that mrpJ is widely conserved in a collection of recent clinical isolates. Altogether, these findings support a role of MrpJ as a global regulator of P. mirabilis virulence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.02978-14
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complete Genome Sequence of Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis , a Master of both Adherence and Motility
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 190, No. 11 ( 2008-06), p. 4027-4037
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 190, No. 11 ( 2008-06), p. 4027-4037
    Abstract: The gram-negative enteric bacterium Proteus mirabilis is a frequent cause of urinary tract infections in individuals with long-term indwelling catheters or with complicated urinary tracts (e.g., due to spinal cord injury or anatomic abnormality). P. mirabilis bacteriuria may lead to acute pyelonephritis, fever, and bacteremia. Most notoriously, this pathogen uses urease to catalyze the formation of kidney and bladder stones or to encrust or obstruct indwelling urinary catheters. Here we report the complete genome sequence of P. mirabilis HI4320, a representative strain cultured in our laboratory from the urine of a nursing home patient with a long-term (≥30 days) indwelling urinary catheter. The genome is 4.063 Mb long and has a G+C content of 38.88%. There is a single plasmid consisting of 36,289 nucleotides. Annotation of the genome identified 3,685 coding sequences and seven rRNA loci. Analysis of the sequence confirmed the presence of previously identified virulence determinants, as well as a contiguous 54-kb flagellar regulon and 17 types of fimbriae. Genes encoding a potential type III secretion system were identified on a low-G+C-content genomic island containing 24 intact genes that appear to encode all components necessary to assemble a type III secretion system needle complex. In addition, the P. mirabilis HI4320 genome possesses four tandem copies of the zapE metalloprotease gene, genes encoding six putative autotransporters, an extension of the atf fimbrial operon to six genes, including an mrpJ homolog, and genes encoding at least five iron uptake mechanisms, two potential type IV secretion systems, and 16 two-component regulators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.01981-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxygen-Limiting Conditions Enrich for Fimbriate Cells of Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 191, No. 5 ( 2009-03), p. 1382-1392
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 191, No. 5 ( 2009-03), p. 1382-1392
    Abstract: MR/P fimbriae of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis undergo invertible element-mediated phase variation whereby an individual bacterium switches between expressing fimbriae (phase ON) and not expressing fimbriae (phase OFF). Under different conditions, the percentage of fimbriate bacteria within a population varies and could be dictated by either selection (growth advantage of one phase) or signaling (preferentially converting one phase to the other in response to external signals). Expression of MR/P fimbriae increases in a cell-density dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. However, rather than the increased cell density itself, this increase in fimbrial expression is due to an enrichment of fimbriate bacteria under oxygen limitation resulting from increased cell density. Our data also indicate that the persistence of MR/P fimbriate bacteria under oxygen-limiting conditions is a result of both selection (of MR/P fimbrial phase variants) and signaling (via modulation of expression of the MrpI recombinase). Furthermore, the mrpJ transcriptional regulator encoded within the mrp operon contributes to phase switching. Type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli , which are likewise subject to phase variation via an invertible element, also increase in expression during reduced oxygenation. These findings provide evidence to support a mechanism for persistence of fimbriate bacteria under oxygen limitation, which is relevant to disease progression within the oxygen-restricted urinary tract.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.01550-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The type III secretion system of Proteus mirabilis HI4320 does not contribute to virulence in the mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection
    Microbiology Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 2007-10-01), p. 1277-1283
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 2007-10-01), p. 1277-1283
    Abstract: The Gram-negative enteric bacterium Proteus mirabilis is a frequent cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in individuals with long-term indwelling catheters or with complicated urinary tracts. The recent release of the P. mirabilis strain HI4320 genome sequence has facilitated identification of potential virulence factors in this organism. Genes appearing to encode a type III secretion system (TTSS) were found in a low GC-content pathogenicity island in the P. mirabilis chromosome. This island contains 24 intact genes that appear to encode all components necessary to assemble a TTSS needle complex, plus at least two putative secreted effector proteins and their chaperones. The genetic organization of the TTSS genes is very similar to that of the TTSS of Shigella flexneri . RT-PCR analysis indicated that these genes are expressed at low levels in vitro . However, insertional mutation of two putative TTSS genes, encoding the requisite ATPase and a possible negative regulator, resulted in no change in either the growth rate of the mutant or the secreted protein profile compared to wild-type. Furthermore, there was no difference in quantitative cultures of urine, bladder and kidney between the ATPase mutant and the wild-type strain in the mouse model of ascending UTI in either independent challenge or co-challenge experiments. The role of the P. mirabilis TTSS, if any, is yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2615 , 1473-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47314-0
    RVK:
    XA 55020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083944-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biofilm Formation by Moraxella catarrhalis In Vitro: Roles of the UspA1 Adhesin and the Hag Hemagglutinin
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2006
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 74, No. 3 ( 2006-03), p. 1588-1596
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 74, No. 3 ( 2006-03), p. 1588-1596
    Abstract: Mutant analysis was used to identify Moraxella catarrhalis gene products necessary for biofilm development in a crystal violet-based assay involving 24-well tissue culture plates. The wild-type M. catarrhalis strains that formed the most extensive biofilms in this system proved to be refractory to transposon mutagenesis, so an M. catarrhalis strain was constructed that was both able to form biofilms in vitro and amenable to transposon mutagenesis. Chromosomal DNA from the biofilm-positive strain O46E was used to transform the biofilm-negative strain O35E; transformants able to form biofilms were identified and subjected to transposon-mediated mutagenesis. Biofilm-negative mutants of these transformants were shown to have a transposon insertion in the uspA1 gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the biofilm-positive transformant T14 contained a hybrid O46E-O35E uspA1 gene, with the N-terminal 155 amino acids being derived from the O46E UspA1 protein. Transformant T14 was also shown to be unable to express the Hag protein, which normally extends from the surface of the M. catarrhalis cell. Introduction of a wild-type O35E hag gene into T14 eliminated its ability to form a biofilm. When the hybrid O46E-O35E uspA1 gene from T14 was used to replace the uspA1 gene of O35E, this transformant strain did not form a biofilm. However, inactivation of the hag gene did allow biofilm formation by strain O35E expressing the hybrid O46E-O35E uspA1 gene product. The Hag protein was shown to have an inhibitory or negative effect on biofilm formation by these M. catarrhalis strains in the crystal violet-based assay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.74.3.1588-1596.2006
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptome of Swarming Proteus mirabilis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 78, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 2834-2845
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 2834-2845
    Abstract: Swarming motility by the urinary tract pathogen Proteus mirabilis has been a long-studied but little understood phenomenon. On agar, a P. mirabilis colony grows outward in a bull's-eye pattern formed by consecutive waves of rapid swarming followed by consolidation into shorter cells. To examine differential gene expression in these growth phases, a microarray was constructed based on the completed genome sequence and annotation. RNA was extracted from broth-cultured, swarming, and consolidation-phase cells to assess transcription during each of these growth states. A total of 587 genes were differentially expressed in broth-cultured cells versus swarming cells, and 527 genes were differentially expressed in broth-cultured cells versus consolidation-phase cells (consolidate). Flagellar genes were highly upregulated in both swarming cells and consolidation-phase cells. Fimbriae were downregulated in swarming cells, while genes involved in cell division and anaerobic growth were upregulated in broth-cultured cells. Direct comparison of swarming cells to consolidation-phase cells found that 541 genes were upregulated in consolidate, but only nine genes were upregulated in swarm cells. Genes involved in flagellar biosynthesis, oligopeptide transport, amino acid import and metabolism, cell division, and phage were upregulated in consolidate. Mutation of dppA , oppB , and cysJ , upregulated during consolidation compared to during swarming, revealed that although these genes play a minor role in swarming, dppA and cysJ are required during ascending urinary tract infection. Swarming on agar to which chloramphenicol had been added suggested that protein synthesis is not required for swarming. These data suggest that the consolidation phase is a state in which P. mirabilis prepares for the next wave of swarming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01222-09
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Gene Products Involved in Biofilm Production by Moraxella catarrhalis ETSU-9 In Vitro
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 75, No. 9 ( 2007-09), p. 4316-4325
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 75, No. 9 ( 2007-09), p. 4316-4325
    Abstract: Moraxella catarrhalis ETSU-9 was subjected to random transposon insertion mutagenesis to identify genes encoding products involved in the ability of the organism to form biofilms in vitro. Screening of approximately 3,000 transposon insertion mutants in the crystal violet-based biofilm assay system yielded six mutants that exhibited greatly reduced abilities to form biofilms. Three of these mutants had transposon insertions in the uspA2H gene, which encodes a surface protein previously shown to be involved in the ability of M. catarrhalis to both attach to human cell lines in vitro and resist killing by normal human serum. Random insertion mutagenesis of the uspA2H gene, involving the introduction of a 15-nucleotide fragment encoding 5 amino acids, was used to attempt to identify the domain(s) necessary for biofilm formation. Most of these insertions adversely affected biofilm formation, whereas the abilities of these same mutants to attach to Chang conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro were usually not reduced. Gain-of-function experiments showed that introduction of the M. catarrhalis ETSU-9 uspA2H gene into Escherichia coli conferred biofilm formation ability on this recombinant strain. Two of the other three M. catarrhalis ETSU-9 transposon insertion mutants that had greatly reduced abilities to form biofilms were shown to have insertions in genes encoding products predicted to be directly or indirectly involved in cell wall metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01347-06
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A UspA2H-Negative Variant of Moraxella catarrhalis Strain O46E Has a Deletion in a Homopolymeric Nucleotide Repeat Common to uspA2H Genes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2007-04), p. 2035-2045
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2007-04), p. 2035-2045
    Abstract: Moraxella catarrhalis strains can express either a UspA2 protein or a UspA2H protein. The latter protein is encoded by a gene that possesses a homopolymeric nucleotide tract containing eight adenine (A) residues [i.e., a poly(A) tract] which is located near the 5′ end. A spontaneous UspA2H-negative variant of M. catarrhalis strain O46E, designated O46E.U2V, was found to have a uspA2H poly(A) tract that contained seven A residues. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from the O46E parent strain revealed a readily detectable uspA2H mRNA transcript, whereas little or no uspA2H transcript was detectable in total RNA from the UspA2H-negative variant O46E.U2V. The 5′ end of the uspA2H genes from both the O46E parent strain and the O46E.U2V variant were ligated to a promoterless lacZ gene to prepare translational fusions for use as reporter constructs. The level of β-galactosidase activity expressed by the fusion construct containing eight A residues in its poly(A) tract was 200-fold greater than that obtained with the construct that had seven A residues. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 5′ end of the uspA2H gene confirmed that translation was initiated at a GTG codon located 21 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the poly(A) tract. Primer extension analysis determined that the transcriptional start site of the uspA2H gene was located 291 nt upstream from the GTG translational start codon. This poly(A) tract was also found to be present in the uspA2H genes of other M. catarrhalis strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00609-06
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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