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  • 1
    In: Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 3 ( 2019-10-10)
    Abstract: To improve the suitability of the Darwin Core standard for the research and management of alien species, the standard needs to express the native status of organisms, how well established they are and how they came to occupy a location. To facilitate this, we propose: 1. To adopt a controlled vocabulary for the existing Darwin Core term dwc:establishmentMeans 2. To elevate the pathway term from the Invasive Species Pathways extension to become a new Darwin Core term dwc:pathway maintained as part of the Darwin Core standard 3. To adopt a new Darwin Core term dwc:degreeOfEstablishment with an associated controlled vocabulary These changes to the standard will allow users to clearly state whether an occurrence of a species is native to a location or not, how it got there (pathway), and to what extent the species has become a permanent feature of the location. By improving Darwin Core for capturing and sharing these data, we aim to improve the quality of occurrence and checklist data in general and to increase the number of potential uses of these data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2535-0897
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3028709-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Evolutionary Applications Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 29-41
    In: Evolutionary Applications, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 29-41
    Abstract: Current natural populations face new interactions because of the re‐emergence of ancient microbes and viruses. These risks come from the re‐emergence of pathogens kept in laboratories or from pathogens that are retained in the permafrost, which become available upon thawing due to climate change. We here focus on the effects of such re‐emergence in natural host populations based on evolutionary theory of virulence and long‐term studies, which investigate host–pathogen adaptations. Pathogens tend to be locally and temporally adapted to their co‐occurring hosts, but when pathogens from a different environment or different time enter the host community, the degree to which a new host–pathogen interaction is a threat will depend on the specific genotypic associations, the time lag between the host and the pathogen, and the interactions with native or recent host and pathogen species. Some insights can be obtained from long‐term studies using a resurrection ecology approach. These long‐term studies based on time‐shift experiments are essential to obtain insight into the mechanisms underlying host–pathogen coevolution at several ecological and temporal scales. As past pathogens and their corresponding host(s) can differ in infectivity and susceptibility, strong reciprocal selective pressures can be induced by the pathogen. These strong selective pressures often result in an escalating arms race, but do not necessarily result in increased infectivity over time. Human health can also be impacted by these resurrected pathogens as the majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses, which are infectious diseases originating from animal populations naturally transmitted to humans. The sanitary risk associated with pathogen emergence from different environments (spatial or temporal) depends on a combination of socioeconomic, environmental, and ecological factors that affect the virulence or the pathogenic potential of microbes and their ability to infect susceptible host populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-4571 , 1752-4571
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405496-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Biodiversity Information Science and Standards Vol. 6 ( 2022-08-23)
    In: Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 6 ( 2022-08-23)
    Abstract: Invasive alien species represent one of the major threats to biodiversity. Prevention is better than cure, but once invasive species get established, early management interventions are important to prevent further damage to nature and increasing management costs. Managers need to be informed as swiftly as possible when invasive species pop up in their area. Moreover, an effective response also requires information on species in neighbouring areas. This way, managers can anticipate recolonisation and coordinate the response across higher spatial scales. Open data are indispensible to efficiently organize such early detection of and rapid response to invasive species. Here, we present LIFE RIPARIAS Early Alert, a new open source tool that aggregates data from diverse sources and sends tailored e-mail alerts to managers. The tool focusses on the project area of the EU co-funded project LIFE RIPARIAS (Reaching Integrated and Prompt Action in Response to Invasive Alien Species, LIFE19 NAT/BE/000953), which aims to improve dataflows for the management of invasive alien species in river basins across regional administrative borders in Belgium. Data on invasive alien species in Belgium are scattered across a multitude of sources, including project surveys, official monitoring schemes, scientific projects and citizen science reporting portals. We facilitated the standardization and publication of these sources as open datasets to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The early alert tool then harvests these observations from GBIF, visualizes them on a map as well as in table view, with their exact coordinates and a link to the original record. The tool allows for date range filtering and the selection of newly reported (and published) observations through a simple intuitive user interface. Users can create e-mail alerts to be notified of new observations for their species group(s), area(s) or source dataset(s) of interest. Currently, only observations from LIFE RIPARIAS target species (Branquart et al. 2022)—equally published as a checklist on GBIF—are displayed. These include non-native crayfish, invasive aquatic plants and a range of high-impact alert list species that should not yet occur in the area but will be rapidly removed should they arrive. The tool is currently being tested by the Belgian managerial community. In time, we hope to increase both the taxonomic scope as well as the number of sources. To our knowledge the RIPARIAS early alert tool is one of the first of its kind in Europe. It is unique in displaying data from multiple data sources at the highest spatial resolution, considering the species from the European Union Invasive Species Regulation (European Commission 2019) and actively promoting and supporting data owners to publish their data openly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2535-0897
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3028709-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2019
    In:  Biodiversity Information Science and Standards Vol. 3 ( 2019-06-26)
    In: Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 3 ( 2019-06-26)
    Abstract: The Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) is co-managing three biologging networks as part of a terrestrial and freshwater observatory for LifeWatch Belgium. The networks are a GPS tracking network for large birds, an acoustic receiver network for fish, and a camera trap network for mammals. As part of our mission at the Open science lab for biodiversity, we are publishing the machine observations these networks generate as standardized, open data. One of the challenges however, is finding the appropriate standards and platforms to do so. In this talk, we will present the three networks, the type of biologging data they collect and how we (plan to) standardize these to specific community standards and to Darwin Core (Wieczorek et al. 2012). Data from the bird tracking network have been published in 2014 as one of the first biologging datasets on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Stienen et al. 2014). We are now planning to upload the data to Movebank instead and contribute to a generic mapping between the Movebank format and Darwin Core. Data from the acoustic receiver network are being mapped using the Darwin Core guidelines proposed by the Machine Observations Interest Group of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). Images generated by the camera trap network are managed in the annotation system Agouti, for which we plan to export the data in the Camera Trap Metadata Language (Forrester et al. 2016). We also aim to write a software package to deposit camera trap images and data on Zenodo and map the observation data to Darwin Core. We hope that our work will contribute to discussions and guidelines on how to best map biologging data to Darwin Core, which is one of the aims of the Machine Observations Interest Group of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2535-0897
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3028709-1
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  • 5
    In: Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 4 ( 2020-10-01)
    Abstract: To support invasive alien species risk assessments, the Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project has developed an automated, open, workflow incorporating state-of-the-art species distribution modelling practices to create risk maps using the open source language R. It is based on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data and openly published environmental data layers characterizing climate and land cover. Our workflow requires only a species name and generates an ensemble of machine-learning algorithms (Random Forest, Boosted Regression Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors and AdaBoost) stacked together as a meta-model to produce the final risk map at 1 km 2 resolution (Fig. 1). Risk maps are generated automatically for standard Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse gas emission scenarios and are accompanied by maps illustrating the confidence of each individual prediction across space, thus enabling the intuitive visualization and understanding of how the confidence of the model varies across space and scenario (Fig. 2). The effects of sampling bias are accounted for by providing options to: use the sampling effort of the higher taxon the modelled species belongs to (e.g., vascular plants), and to thin species occurrences. use the sampling effort of the higher taxon the modelled species belongs to (e.g., vascular plants), and to thin species occurrences. The risk maps generated by our workflow are defensible and repeatable and provide forecasts of alien species distributions under further climate change scenarios. They can be used to support risk assessments and guide surveillance efforts on alien species in Europe. The detailied modeling framework and code are available on GitHub: https://github.com/trias-project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2535-0897
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3028709-1
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  • 6
    In: Biodiversity Information Science and Standards, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 6 ( 2022-08-23)
    Abstract: Invasive alien species (IAS) are recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity. The European Union (EU) Regulation 1143/2014 on the prevention of introduction and spread of invasive alien species imposes an obligation on Member States to develop management responses against a list of IAS of Union Concern and requires reporting on those interventions. However, the actors involved in IAS management are typically diverse and include authorities, managers, businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Reporting on management actions, if performed at all, is often crude and does not capture essential information. Data on management are heterogeneous both in quality and format as well as what information is captured. They are recorded using a plethora of tools, are managed in data silos and not openly available. Here, we propose a community-driven data model and data exchange format for IAS and wildlife management data, called manIAS ( management of Invasive Alien Species, Fig. 1). This was drafted in two consecutive workshops (Oldoni et al. 2022), building on the experience of the managerial community, combined with the existing european network of wildlife professionals (ENETWILD) standard (Body et al. 2020) for management reporting in the framework of animal health. We feel the development of such a data model is necessary and can bring multiple benefits within and outside the IAS management community. First, the data model can create awareness with data providers and project managers on the minimum quality standards for reporting on IAS management such as the target species, the management objective, the methods used, the effort spent, the results of the action and any encountered non-target effects. Second, the data exchange format will allow for easy aggregation of management data across taxa, regions, management actors and projects. Such exchanges of data on management, for example through visualisations, are necessary for running coordinated management programmes. Thirdly, it will ease the reporting on management for the EU IAS Regulation since authorities will have to spend less time in collecting and standardizing data from different actors. Lastly, the standardisation will allow more straightforward analysis of the effectiveness of management methods and the efficiency of control programmes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2535-0897
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3028709-1
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  • 7
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 98, No. 11 ( 2017-11), p. 2784-2798
    Abstract: Changes in food quality can play a substantial role in the vulnerability of hosts to infectious diseases. In this study, we focused on the genetic differentiation of the water flea Daphnia magna towards food of different quality (by manipulating C:N:P ratios) and its impact on the interaction with a virulent infectious disease, “White Fat Cell Disease ( WFCD )”. Via a resurrection ecology approach, we isolated two Daphnia subpopulations from different depths in a sediment core, which were exposed to parasites and a nutrient ratio gradient in a common garden experiment. Our results showed a genetic basis for sensitivity towards food deprivation. Both fecundity and host survival was differently affected when fed with low‐quality food. This strongly impacted the way both subpopulations interacted with this parasite. A historical reconstruction of nutrient changes in a sediment core reflected an increase in organic material and phosphorus concentration (more eutrophic conditions) over time in the studied pond. These results enable us to relate patterns of genetic differentiation in sensitivity towards food deprivation to an increasing level of eutrophication of the subpopulations, which ultimately impacts parasite virulence effects. This finding was confirmed via a dynamic energy budgets ( DEB ), in which energy was partitioned for the host and the parasite. The model was tailored to our study by integrating (1) increased growth and a fecundity shift in the host upon parasitism and (2) differences of food assimilation in the subpopulations showing that a reduced nutrient assimilation resulted in increased parasite virulence. The combination of our experiment with the DEB model shows that it is important to consider genetic diversity when studying the impact of nutritional stress on species interactions, especially in the context of changing environments and emerging infectious diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    In: Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, Ubiquity Press, Ltd., Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2019-12-02)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2057-4991
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932178-5
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  • 9
    In: Freshwater Biology, Wiley, Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 714-723
    Abstract: We investigate whether an increase in the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms affects zooplankton–parasite interactions. Cyanobacteria are expected to be of poor food quality for zooplankton hosts and are therefore expected to increase parasitism. Nevertheless, simultaneous exposure to both stressors may lead to different results, given the antibacterial secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria. We exposed the zooplankter Daphnia magna to the cyanobacterial species Microcystis aeruginosa and the parasite that causes white bacterial disease in D. magna . Increased M. aeruginosa concentrations reduced the percentage of infected individuals and as such protected D. magna against parasitism. Interactions between M. aeruginosa and the parasite were antagonistic in terms of percentage of surviving Daphnia , total offspring per female and clutch size. Additional plating experiments showed a direct negative effect of Microcystis on bacterial growth. The results suggest that changes in phytoplankton affect host–parasite interactions in zooplankton. Contrary to the prevailing paradigm that multiple stressors often induce additive or synergistic effects, we report an antagonistic effect of the presence of cyanobacterial stress on parasites in Daphnia . Thus, assessment of the outcome of host–parasite interactions needs to incorporate the environmental context.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0046-5070 , 1365-2427
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020306-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121180-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 65, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 2529-2540
    Abstract: The increased input of nutrients into biological systems has been shown to result in altered biotic interactions through changes in food availability. The aim of this study was to test for an association between phytoplankton nutrient content and epibiont variables in natural zooplankton populations. Via a field survey, we studied how a gradient in food quantity and quality impacted host population density and epibiont variables in Daphnia pulex . We found a significant decrease in epibiont prevalence and infracommunity richness, which could mainly be attributed to a changing phytoplankton N : P ratio (caused by P‐limitation). We performed a lab experiment in which we exposed Daphnia magna to different algal nutrient ratios and the epibionts detected in the field study. P‐limitation in the algae affected D. magna performance and resulted in similar trends of food quality effects in the epibiont variables. The experiment, however, also reflected subtle differences between different epibiont species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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