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  • 1
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    Part Ia: Spatial separation on McGurk effect applying three-dimensional sounds
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2336-2336
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2336-2336
    Abstract: The dependence of sound direction on the McGurk effect [McGurk and McDonald, Nature (London) 264, 746–748 (1976)] is less known. Jones and Munhall [Canadian Acoust. 25, 13–19 (1997)] concluded with no spatial separation dependence, applying 30° horizontally spaced loudspeakers. Current dual study investigated the full 360° horizontal space applying head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) from a Cortex dummy head [Riederer, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts) 46, 1036 (1998), preprint 4846]. Dry acoustic /ipi/ and /iti/ recorded from a professional speaker were convolved with HRTFs, measured at azimuths 0°, ±40°, ±90°, ±130°, and 180°, headphones (Sennheiser HD580) equalized. DVcam-recorded visual /ipi/, /iti/ (and black screen) were randomly presented synchronously with the 3-D sounds using Presentation 0.20 [http://nbs.neuro-bs.com] . Totally 1024 incongruent audiovisual stimuli were perceived by eight 20–30-year-old normal hearing (≤20 dBHL) native subjects (2 female) as follows. Visual /ipi/ + auditory /iti/: /ipi/ 59.96%, /iti/ 15.63%, and /ipti/ 24.02%; visual /iti/ + auditory /ipi/: 66.02%, 22.07%, and 11.52%, respectfully. No significant dependence of spatial separation was found for the McGurk effect, except for reaction times. The obtained fusions were atypically weak, probably because visual /iti/ was less pronounced than visual /ipi/. [Work supported by Graduate School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4781070
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
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    Measuring and modeling the effect of source distance in head-related transfer functions
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1998
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 103, No. 5_Supplement ( 1998-05-01), p. 2988-2988
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 103, No. 5_Supplement ( 1998-05-01), p. 2988-2988
    Abstract: Efficient modeling of human spatial hearing by digital filter approximations of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is the key technology in 3-D sound processing. It is well known that the HRTF bears the major static localization cues, the interaural time difference (ITD), and the interaural level difference (ILD) that are functions of frequency and the incident angle of arrival. The effect of source distance has, however, often been neglected in HRTF models. In this paper, a method for efficient distance-dependent HRTF modeling is presented, which is based on both theoretical and empirical data. HRTF measurements on eight human subjects and one dummy head were carried out at two source distances, 2 and 0.65 m. It has been argued in the literature that the distance changes mainly affect the ILD, whereas the ITD remains approximately constant. Based on this finding, which was also supported by the measurements performed in this study, a filter structure that models the ILD change as a function of distance was derived. The results of this study are applicable to many near-field listening applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.421691
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Effects of hair, clothing, and headgear on localization of three-dimensional sounds Part IIb
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2389-2389
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2389-2389
    Abstract: Seven 20–25-year-old normal hearing (≤20 dBHL) native male-undergraduates listened twice to treatments of 85 virtual source locations in a large dark anechoic chamber. The 3-D-stimuli were anew-calculated white noise bursts, amplitude modulated (40-Hz sine), repeated after a pause (total duration 3×275=825 ms), HRTF-convolved and headphone-equalized (Sennheiser HD580). The HRTFs were measured from a Cortex dummy head wearing different garments: 1=alpaca pullover only; 2=1+curly pony-tailed thick-hair+eye-glasses; 3=1+long thin-hair (ear-covering); 4=1+mens trilby; 5=2+bicycle helmet+jacket [Riederer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., this issue]. Perceived directions were signified by placing a tailored digitizer-stylus over an illuminated ball darkened after the response. Subjects did the experiments during three days, each consisting of a 2-h session of several randomized sets with multiple breaks. Azimuth and elevation errors were investigated separately in factorial within-subjects ANOVA showing strong dependence p(≤0.004) on all main effects and interactions (garment, elevation, azimuth). The grand mean errors were approximately 16°–19°. Confused angles were retained around the ±90°-interaural axis and cos(elev)-weighting was applied to azimuth errors. The total front−back/back−front confusion rate was 18.38% and up−down/down−up 12.21%. The confusions (except left−right/right−left, 2.07%) and reaction times depended strongly on azimuth (main effect) and garment (interaction). [Work supported by Graduate School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777865
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
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    Effects of congruency on localization of audiovisual three-dimensional speech sounds Part IIa
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2389-2389
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2389-2389
    Abstract: Part two of the current study [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., this issue] investigated localization of virtual audiovisual speech under exactly the same conditions. Perceived directions were signified by pushing keypad-buttons. Inside-the-head localization occurred almost only for the median-plane stimuli, being insignificant of the stimulus type (7.62% congruent, 9.38% incongruent, and 6.54% auditory-only) and disregarded from further analyses. The mean of correct answers was 46.81%. Factorial within-subjects ANOVA showed no significance on acoustic stimuli (/ipi/, /iti/) or stimulus type but showed strong dependence on direction (p=0.000 & lt;th & gt;015) and its interactions with acoustic stimuli (p=0.015 & lt;th & gt;374) and stimulus type (p=0.008 & lt;th & gt;12). Reaction times were highly dependent on direction (p=0.000 & lt;th & gt;002). From the 384 frontal location answers (azimuths 0°, ±40°) 25.52% congruent, 28.39% incongruent, and 28.65% auditory-only were perceived as backward confused, for 0° azimuth only the corresponding values were 28.13%, 28.13%, and 35.94%. Back–front confusions were 13.80%, 9.64%, and 8.85% (azimuths 180°, ±130°), and 18.75%, 14.06%, and 14.06% (azimuth 180°). Seeing the (congruently) talking face biased the localization more to the front, especially for the median-backward sounds. Obviously, vision overcomes weaker monaural localization cues as in the ventriloquism effect [Driver, Nature (London) 381, 66–68 (1996)]. [Work supported by Graduate School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777849
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
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    Processing of sound location in human cortex
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  European Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2008-03), p. 1261-1270
    Details
    In: European Journal of Neuroscience, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2008-03), p. 1261-1270
    Abstract: This functional magnetic resonance imaging study was focused on the neural substrates underlying human auditory space perception. In order to present natural‐like sound locations to the subjects, acoustic stimuli convolved with individual head‐related transfer functions were used. Activation foci, as revealed by analyses of contrasts and interactions between sound locations, formed a complex network, including anterior and posterior regions of temporal lobe, posterior parietal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex. The distinct topography of this network was the result of different patterns of activation and deactivation, depending on sound location, in the respective voxels. These patterns suggested different levels of complexity in processing of auditory spatial information, starting with simple left/right discrimination in the regions surrounding the primary auditory cortex, while the integration of information on hemispace and eccentricity of sound may take place at later stages. Activations were identified as being located in regions assigned to both the dorsal and ventral auditory cortical streams, that are assumed to be preferably concerned with analysis of spatial and non‐spatial sound features, respectively. The finding of activations also in the ventral stream could, on the one hand, reflect the well‐known functional duality of auditory spectral analysis, that is, the concurrent extraction of information based on location (due to the spectrotemporal distortions caused by head and pinnae) and spectral characteristics of a sound source. On the other hand, this result may suggest the existence of shared neural networks, performing analyses of auditory ‘higher‐order’ cues for both localization and identification of sound sources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0953-816X , 1460-9568
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ejn.2008.27.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06094.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005178-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Effects of eye-glasses, hair, headgear, and clothing on measured head-related transfer functions Part Ib
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2388-2388
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 114, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-10-01), p. 2388-2388
    Abstract: Extensive head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurements show high HRTF repeatability, consequences of different measurement methods, and conditions covering the whole three-dimensional space [Riederer, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts) 46, 1036 (1998), preprint 4846]. This study concentrates on specific effects on HRTFs carefully re-measured on the same Cortex dummy head applying Sennheiser KE4-211-2 microphones at its silicone putty blocked ear-canal entrances, employing 252 sound incidents including seven elevations. The effects of five different wigs (synthetic, natural, thick, thin, long and short hair) with varied hairstyles, four hats (cap, bicycle helmet, mens and womens trilby), clothes (alpaca pullover, bicycling drymax-jacket) and spectacles were investigated under 28 combinations. The influences are highly dependent on direction, frequency, and case. Clothes and eye-glasses affect minimally HRTF; hair has a stronger effect, depending on the actual hairdo (typically above 7 kHz). Hats alter intensively HRTFs (typically above 5 kHz), depending on the model. The measurements give deeper insight to the development of idiosyncratic features in binaural localization cues. The second part of the study addresses their perceptual effects [Riederer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., this issue] . [Work supported by Graduate School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation; thanks to Finnish Broadcasting Company, Mr. Hellstrom; Mrs. Chen.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777835
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
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    New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Genetics Vol. 54, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 412-436
    Details
    In: Nature Genetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 54, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 412-436
    Abstract: Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-4036 , 1546-1718
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494946-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-06-07)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-06-07)
    Abstract: Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n  = 409,435 and validation size n  = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22491-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 9
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    Author Correction: Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-02-09)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-02-09)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36192-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 10
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    Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 120, No. 36 ( 2023-09-05)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 120, No. 36 ( 2023-09-05)
    Abstract: Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1 *04:04 and HLA-DRB1 *04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1 *04:01 and HLA-DRB1 *04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1 *04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302720120
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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