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  • 1
    In: Animal Genetics, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 67-70
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0268-9146 , 1365-2052
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472889-8
    SSG: 22
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 87, No. 7-8 ( 2003-08), p. 251-262
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 87, No. 7-8 ( 2003-08), p. 251-262
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the taurine content in a variety of animal feeds. There is very little information on the taurine content of ingredients used in home‐prepared diets for dogs and cats, and foods fed to wild animals in captivity. This study reports the taurine content of both common and alternative feed ingredients, and compares taurine loss as a result of different methods of food preparation. Foods were selected based on their use in commercial and home‐prepared diets. Animal muscle tissue, particularly marine, contained high taurine concentrations. Plant products contained either low or undetectable amounts of taurine. The amount of taurine that remained in a feed ingredient after cooking depended upon the method of food preparation. When an ingredient was constantly surrounded by water during the cooking process, such as in boiling or basting, more taurine was lost. Food preparation methods that minimized water loss, such as baking or frying, had higher rates of taurine retention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 92, No. 2 ( 2008-04), p. 149-156
    Abstract: Previous experiments have shown that increasing the dietary crude protein (CP) of cats does not increase urea cycle enzymes or alanine amino transferase as occurs in rats. Also when an essential amino acid (EAA) is limiting in a diet for growing kittens, the kittens do not exhibit an amino acid imbalance when other EAAs are added to the diet. To study the metabolic basis for these observations which are different from that found in omnivores and herbivores, the hypothesis that increased dietary CP decreases methionine catabolism, so more is spared for growth, was tested. Fifteen male kittens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments. Each diet contained 2.5 g l ‐methionine/kg diet and 200, 300 or 500 g CP/kg diet. The livers and kidneys were removed and assayed for methionine transaminase (MTA), cystathionase (CASE) and cystathionine synthase (CS). Free amino acid concentrations were determined in liver, kidney and plasma. The 300 and 500 g CP/kg groups had significantly greater kidney weights and body weight gains than the 200 g CP/kg group. Hepatic MTA activity was lower in the 300 than the 200 or 500 g CP/kg groups (p  〈  0.05). Renal MTA and CASE activities were 35% and 50% greater, respectively, for the 500 g CP/kg group than for the 200 g CP/kg diet group (p  〈  0.05). Renal CS activities for the 300 and 500 g CP/kg groups were 29% (p  〉  0.05) and 38% (p  〈  0.05) greater, respectively, than the 200 g CP/kg group. Cyst(e)ine concentrations were lower in the livers of the 500 g CP/kg group than the 200 g CP/kg group (p  〈  0.05). Cystathionine was lower in plasma and kidney from the 500 g CP/kg diet group than from the 200 g CP/kg diet group (p  〈  0.05). It was concluded that the metabolic basis for the increased growth of kittens fed diets marginally limiting in methionine, with increasing concentrations of dietary CP, was not mediated through decreased enzyme activity associated with the catabolism of methionine, but was the result of an increase in food (methionine) intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1984
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol. 247, No. 2 ( 1984-08-01), p. E276-E283
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, American Physiological Society, Vol. 247, No. 2 ( 1984-08-01), p. E276-E283
    Abstract: Investigations were made on the effects of catecholamine (Cat) infusions with and without ammonia (NH3) on plasma and brain amino acids (AA) and brain neurotransmitters in dogs. Groups of four dogs were infused for 5 h with epinephrine (E), epinephrine + norepinephrine (E + NE), epinephrine + norepinephrine with NH3 during h 4 and 5 (E + NE + NH3), epinephrine + norepinephrine + tryptophan with NH3 during h 4 and 5 (T + E + NE + NH3), or saline (C). Cat decreased (P less than 0.05) plasma Gly, Thr, Lys, Pro, Val, Ser, Arg, Leu, Trp, Phe, Asn, Tyr, Met, Ile, Cit, and Asp. The decreases at h 3 for all were to a mean of 45% of 0 h and were associated with no changes in plasma insulin or glucagon. Cat increased plasma Tau and Orn. Of the most abundant brain AA (82% of total), E + NE + NH3 had no effect (GABA, Asp, Gly, Ala, p-ethanolamine) or increased (Glu, Gln, Tau) brain levels. These AA were unchanged by Cat alone. Of the remaining brain AA, most were decreased by Cat (7 of 16, P less than 0.05) and E + NE + NH3 increased brain Trp but had no effect on brain serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, or NE. Cat changed plasma AA in a way similar to changes produced by NH3 infusion and seen with hepatic insufficiency due to portacaval shunts and nitrosamine-induced pathology. Cat reduced brain AA levels, and this was partially restored by NH3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0193-1849 , 1522-1555
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477331-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 90, No. 3-4 ( 2006-04), p. 152-158
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 90, No. 3-4 ( 2006-04), p. 152-158
    Abstract: An overweight or obese body condition commonly develops after gonadectomy (GX) in domestic cats. The cause appears to be a rapid, quantal (approximately 12%), increase in food intake that is sustained and probably mediated by withdrawal of gonadal hormone. Recently, an interaction of gonadal hormone and cholecystokinin (CCK) effectiveness has been suggested. A reduction in the satiating potency of intestinal CCK was presently hypothesized to contribute to the disturbance of food intake control caused by GX in domestic cats. Pre‐ and post‐prandial intestinal CCK secretion as indicated by plasma CCK concentrations were determined in 16 adult male cats (5.1 ± 0.1 kg) 8 weeks before and 57 weeks after eight of the cats were gonadectomized. During ad libitum intake of a commercial dry, expanded diet, body weight increased from 22% to 28% in gonadectomized cats and was unchanged in intact cats. Baseline CCK concentrations were not different between gonadectomized and intact cats. Amounts of diet ingested during CCK determinations were 15–19% of daily metabolizable energy requirement and were not different between gonadectomized and intact cats. The post‐prandial area under the curve ( AUC ; 0–400 min) CCK concentration increased linearly with meal size (p  〈  0.01) and was not correlated with body weight. Area under the curve CCK concentration, when normalized for meal size, was 34% greater (p  〈  0.01) in gonadectomized cats than that in intact cats. The findings indicate GX increases meal‐induced intestinal CCK secretion and therefore, do not support the study hypothesis. The findings indicate GX may slow digestion and absorption and attenuate inhibition of food intake by CCK.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1995
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 268, No. 5 ( 1995-05-01), p. R1203-R1208
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 268, No. 5 ( 1995-05-01), p. R1203-R1208
    Abstract: Conditioned taste aversion presumably plays a role in the anorectic responses to amino acid-imbalanced diets that induce acute amino acid deficiency. The serotonin3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, tropisetron (Trop), MDL-72222 (MDL), and ondansetron, increase intake of imbalanced amino acid diets. Therefore, we tested whether 5-HT3 receptor antagonists would block an aversion to powdered saccharin after it was included in an amino acid-imbalanced diet. Rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of Trop, MDL, or vehicle (Veh), just before introducing one of four diets: imbalanced amino acid diet +/- saccharin (Imb or ImbSac) or a balanced (corrected) diet +/- saccharin (Cor or CorSac). Subsequent aversion to saccharin was shown in preference tests using Cor and CorSac. Saccharin preference was significantly decreased (8.3% on test day 1) in the Veh/ImbSac group, but the Trop/ImbSac group's saccharin preference (57.8%) was similar to controls (49.6-70.3%); MDL also blocked the aversion to saccharin after ImbSac. This confirms previous reports of conditioned taste aversions with amino acid limitation and suggests a role for the 5-HT3 receptor in the development of these aversions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 87, No. 9-10 ( 2003-10), p. 315-323
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 87, No. 9-10 ( 2003-10), p. 315-323
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the selenium (Se) requirement in kittens. Thirty‐six specific‐pathogen‐free kittens (9.8 weeks old) were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the Se requirement in cats with gender and weight used as blocking criteria. Kittens were fed a low Se (0.02 mg/kg Se) torula yeast‐based diet for 5 weeks (pre‐test) after which an amino acid‐based diet (0.027 mg Se/kg diet) was fed for 8 weeks (experimental period). Six levels of Se (0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg Se/kg diet) as Na 2 SeO 3 were added to the diet and were used to construct a response curve. Response variables included Se concentrations and Se‐dependent glutathione peroxidase activities (GSHpx) in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) as well as plasma total T 3 (TT 3 ) and total T 4 (TT 4 ). No significant changes in food intake, weight gain or clinical signs of Se deficiency were noted. Estimates of the kitten's Se requirement (i.e. breakpoints) were determined for RBC and plasma GSHpx (0.12 and 0.15 mg Se/kg diet, respectively), but no definitive breakpoint was determined for plasma Se. Plasma TT 3 increased linearly, whereas plasma TT 4 and the ratio of TT 4  : TT 3 decreased in a quadratic fashion to dietary Se concentration. The requirement estimate determined in this study (0.15 mg Se/kg) for kittens is in close agreement with other species. As pet foods for cats contain a high proportion of animal protein with a Se bioavailability of 30%, it is recommended that commercial diets for cats contain 0.5 mg Se/kg DM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 85, No. 3-4 ( 2001-04), p. 88-100
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 3-4 ( 2001-04), p. 88-100
    Abstract: The objective of the present study was to examine the interaction between graded levels of leucine and dietary crude protein. Dose–response curves were generated using four 3 × 3 Latin squares (two dogs/square). Each square represented one of two concentrations of crude protein (140 or 280 g/kg diet) and one of two combinations of three concentrations of leucine (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 g/kg diet or 9.0, 11 and 13 g/kg diet). An additional experiment was performed by feeding crude protein at 210 g/kg diet with either 7.0 or 11 g leucine/kg diet. Weight gain, food intake, nitrogen retention, plasma albumin and plasma amino acids were measured. The requirement was determined to be the minimum leucine concentration required to maximize weight gain and nitrogen retention. For 8–14‐week‐old male Beagle dogs, 140 g crude protein/kg diet in a diet containing 18 kJ metabolizable energy/g does not appear to support maximal growth. The leucine requirement was not affected by doubling the dietary crude protein level from 140 to 280 g/kg diet. From these results, the leucine requirement of 8–14‐week‐old Beagle dogs appears to be 11 g leucine/kg diet independent of the level of dietary crude protein, whereas dogs over 14 weeks require only 7 g leucine/kg diet for maximal nitrogen retention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 87, No. 9-10 ( 2003-10), p. 359-372
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 87, No. 9-10 ( 2003-10), p. 359-372
    Abstract: Taurine (Tau) deficiencies have been associated with the feeding of commercial lamb‐meal and rice diets to dogs. We hypothesized that the poor digestibility of some lamb‐meals may limit sulphur amino acids availability for Tau synthesis and/or increase of Tau degradation in the gut. Growing dogs were fed either a lamb‐meal‐based (Diet A) or poultry by‐product‐based (Diet B) commercial diet. Plasma, whole blood and urinary Tau were measured for 22 weeks. Plasma and whole blood Tau concentrations were similar between the groups throughout the study. Urinary excretion of Tau in dogs fed diet A was 3.2 times greater than that from dogs fed Diet B, suggesting greater renal reabsorption and the need for conservation of Tau in the Diet A group. Food restriction affected Tau status as indicted by a positive correlation of food intake and urinary Tau. Dogs fed Diet A were given antibiotics to inhibit bacterial activity in the gut. Increases in breath hydrogen, indicative of increased bacterial activity, correlated negatively with urinary Tau. Urinary Tau increased by 54% when methionine (Met) was supplemented to Diet A, supporting the suggestion of a low bioavailability of sulphur amino acids and/or an increased fecal loss of Tau in dogs consuming Diet A.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Annual Reviews ; 1984
    In:  Annual Review of Nutrition Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 1984-07), p. 521-562
    In: Annual Review of Nutrition, Annual Reviews, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 1984-07), p. 521-562
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0199-9885 , 1545-4312
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481486-9
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