In:
PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2023-9-8), p. e0274276-
Abstract:
With the advances in technology and data science, machine learning (ML) is being rapidly adopted by the health care sector. However, there is a lack of literature addressing the health conditions targeted by the ML prediction models within primary health care (PHC) to date. To fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to identify health conditions targeted by ML in PHC. We searched the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, BioRxiv, Association of Computing Machinery (ACM), and IEEE Xplore databases for studies published from January 1990 to January 2022. We included primary studies addressing ML diagnostic or prognostic predictive models that were supplied completely or partially by real-world PHC data. Studies selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the prediction model study risk of bias assessment tool were performed by two investigators. Health conditions were categorized according to international classification of diseases (ICD-10). Extracted data were analyzed quantitatively. We identified 106 studies investigating 42 health conditions. These studies included 207 ML prediction models supplied by the PHC data of 24.2 million participants from 19 countries. We found that 92.4% of the studies were retrospective and 77.3% of the studies reported diagnostic predictive ML models. A majority (76.4%) of all the studies were for models’ development without conducting external validation. Risk of bias assessment revealed that 90.8% of the studies were of high or unclear risk of bias. The most frequently reported health conditions were diabetes mellitus (19.8%) and Alzheimer’s disease (11.3%). Our study provides a summary on the presently available ML prediction models within PHC. We draw the attention of digital health policy makers, ML models developer, and health care professionals for more future interdisciplinary research collaboration in this regard.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1932-6203
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.t002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.t003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.t004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.s008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.r001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.r002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.r003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.r004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.r005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0274276.r006
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2267670-3
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