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  • 1
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    Of teeth and trees: A fossil tip‐dating approach to infer divergence times of extinct and extant squaliform sharks
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Zoologica Scripta Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 2018-09), p. 539-557
    Details
    In: Zoologica Scripta, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 2018-09), p. 539-557
    Abstract: Fossil tip‐dating allows for the inclusion of morphological data in divergence time estimates based on both extant and extinct taxa. Neoselachii have a cartilaginous skeleton, which is less prone to fossilization compared to skeletons of Osteichthyans. Therefore, the majority of the neoselachian fossil record is comprised of single teeth, which fossilize more easily. Neoselachian teeth can be found in large numbers as they are continuously replaced. Tooth morphologies are of major importance on multiple taxonomic levels for identification of shark and ray taxa. Here, we review dental morphological characters of squalomorph sharks and test these for their phylogenetic signal. Subsequently, we combine DNA sequence data (concatenated exon sequences) with dental morphological characters from 85 fossil and extant taxa to simultaneously infer the phylogeny and re‐estimate divergence times using information of 61 fossil tip‐dates as well as eight node age calibrations of squalomorph sharks. Our findings show that the phylogenetic placement of fossil taxa is mostly in accordance with their previous taxonomic allocation. An exception is the phylogenetic placement of the extinct genus † Protospinax , which remains unclear. We conclude that the high number of fossil taxa as well as the comprehensive DNA sequence data for extant taxa may compensate for the limited number of morphological characters identifiable on teeth, serving as a backbone for reliably estimating the phylogeny of both extinct and extant taxa. In general, tip‐dating mostly estimates older node ages compared to previous studies based on calibrated molecular clocks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-3256 , 1463-6409
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/zsc.2018.47.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12299
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022109-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121103-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    New phylogenetic insights into the African catfish families Mochokidae and Austroglanididae
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology Vol. 100, No. 5 ( 2022-05), p. 1171-1186
    Details
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 100, No. 5 ( 2022-05), p. 1171-1186
    Abstract: Several hundred catfish species (order: Siluriformes) belonging to 11 families inhabit Africa, of which at least six families are endemic to the continent. Although four of those families are well‐known to belong to the ‘Big‐Africa clade’, no previous study has addressed the phylogenetic placement of the endemic African catfish family Austroglanididae in a comprehensive framework with molecular data. Furthermore, interrelationships within the ‘Big‐Africa clade’, including the most diverse family Mochokidae, remain unclear. This study was therefore designed to help reconstruct inter‐ and intrarelationships of all currently valid mochokid genera, to infer their position within the ‘Big Africa clade’ and to establish a first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of the relationships of the enigmatic Austroglanididae within the Siluriformes. We assembled a comprehensive mitogenomic dataset comprising all protein coding genes and representing almost all recognized catfish families ( N  = 33 of 39) with carefully selected species ( N  = 239). We recovered the monophyly of the previously identified multifamily clades ‘Big Asia’ and ‘Big Africa’ and determined Austroglanididae to be closely related to Pangasiidae, Ictaluroidea and Ariidae. Mochokidae was recovered as the sister group to a clade encompassing Auchenoglanididae, Claroteidae, Malapteruridae and the African Schilbeidae, albeit with low statistical support. The two mochokid subfamilies Mochokinae and Chiloglanidinae as well as the chiloglanid tribe Atopochilini were recovered as reciprocally monophyletic. The genus Acanthocleithron forms the sister group of all remaining Mochokinae, although with low support. The genus Atopodontus is the sister group of all remaining Atopochilini. In contrast to morphological reconstructions, the monophyly of the genus Chiloglanis was strongly supported in our analysis, with Chiloglanis macropterus nested within a Chiloglanis sublineage encompassing only other taxa from the Congo drainage. This is an important result because the phylogenetic relationships of C. macropterus have been controversial in the past, and because we and other researchers assumed that this species would be resolved as sister to most or all other members of Chiloglanis . The apparent paraphyly of Synodontis with respect to Microsynodontis provided an additional surprise, with Synodontis punu turning out to be the sister group of the latter genus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.v100.5
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410564-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471958-7
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Two New Shellear Species (Gonorhynchiformes: Kneriidae), from the Luansa River (Upper Congo Basin): Hidden Diversity Revealed by Integrative Taxonomy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diversity Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-09-28), p. 1044-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-09-28), p. 1044-
    Abstract: Two new Kneria species, K. luansaensis sp. nov. and K. maxi sp. nov., are described from the Luansa River, a left bank tributary of the lower Luapula in the Bangweulu–Mweru ecoregion, based on an integrative approach using morphological and COI barcoding evidence. While K. luansaensis sp. nov. occurs from the source of the Luansa further downstream to above the last of the three Sanshifolo Falls, K. maxi sp. nov. only occurs downstream of all these three major falls. In Kneria, males of about ≥ 33 mm LS have an opercular and a postopercular organ. The number of lamellae on the latter seems to contain some alpha-taxonomic information, although this requires further study as allometric changes occur at about ≤ 45 mm LS. Additional external morphological characters differ between sexes, i.e., the (i) pectoral fin width (wider in males than females), (ii) dorsal fin height (longer in males than females), and (iii) length of the longest ray of the lower caudal fin lobe (longer in males than females). Agriculture, fishing with ichthyotoxines, and logging are the most pressing threats on the Luansa and thus to both the new species. Their discovery in one of the rivers of the Kundelungu Plateau and its surroundings located outside the present-day boundaries of the Kundelungu National Park highlights the need for a refined and improved protection strategy for this freshwater key biodiversity area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d15101044
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 4
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    A new Parakneria Poll 1965 (Gonorhynchiformes: Kneriidae), ‘Mikinkidi’ from the Upper Lufira Basin (Upper Congo: DRC ): Evidence from a morphologic and DNA barcoding integrative approach
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology Vol. 102, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 4-26
    Details
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 102, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 4-26
    Abstract: A new species, Parakneria alytogrammus , is described from the main stream of the Upper Lufira River. This species is easily distinguished from its congeners from the Congo Basin by its unique colouration, consisting of a low number of transversal bands on each of the caudal‐fin lobes, 2 ( vs. 3–5) and the presence of an uninterrupted lateral mid‐longitudinal black band in fresh and preserved specimens ( vs. absent). In addition, the new species differs from its Upper Lualaba congeners by the narrow width of its pectoral‐fin base, 4.8–5.6% L S [ vs. wider, 8.2–10.1% for P. lufirae , 8.6% L S for P. damasi (holotype), and 7.6–7.9% L S for P. thysi ]. Finally, it differs from the only species currently known from the Luapula‐Mweru system, P. malaissei , by having a short post‐dorsal distance, 36.4–36.6% L S ( vs. longer, 38.6–41.1% L S ) and a short post‐pelvic distance of 40.0–40.6% L S ( vs. longer, 41.4–44.1% L S ). Mitochondrial DNA‐haplotypes of P. alytogrammus sp. nov. form a clade, which is sister to the P. thysi clade, and from which it diverges by a genetic (Kimura 2‐parameter and uncorrected p ) distance of 0.7% in the COI‐barcoding locus. The Upper Lufira, one of the sub‐basins of the Upper Congo Basin, remains poorly explored relative to its fish fauna. In contrast, the region is well explored with regard to its mineral wealth. Unfortunately, mining exploitation is carried out in the region without proper concern for the environment. Thus, the discovery of this new species for science calls for increased protection and aquatic biodiversity exploration in this mining region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.v102.1
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15206
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410564-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471958-7
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Cryptic persistence and loss of local endemism in L ake C onstance charr subject to anthropogenic disturbance
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2023-03)
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2023-03)
    Abstract: In the welcome circumstance that species believed extinct are rediscovered, it is often the case that biological knowledge acquired before the presumed extinction is limited. Efforts to address these knowledge gaps, in particular to assess the taxonomic integrity and conservation status of such species, can be hampered by a lack of genetic data and scarcity of samples in museum collections. Here, we present a proof‐of‐concept case study based on a multidisciplinary data evaluation approach to tackle such problems. The approach was developed after the rediscovery, 40 years after its presumed extinction, of the enigmatic Lake Constance deep‐water charr Salvelinus profundus . Targeted surveys led to the capture of further species and additional sympatric normal charr, Salvelinus cf. umbla . Since the lake had been subject to massive stocking in the past, an evaluation of the genetic integrity of both extant forms was called for in order to assess possible introgression. A two‐step genomic approach was developed based on restriction site associated DNA (RAD). Diagnostic population genomic (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]) data were harvested from contemporary samples and used for RNA bait design to perform target capture in DNA libraries of archival scale material, enabling a comparison between extant and historic samples. Furthermore, life history traits and morphological data for both extant forms were gathered and compared with historical data from the past 60–120 years. While extant deep‐water charr matched historical deep‐water specimens in body shape, gill raker count, and growth rates, significant differences were discovered between historical and extant normal charr. These resulted were supported by genomic analyses of contemporary samples, revealing the two extant forms to be highly divergent. The results of population assignment tests suggest that the endemic deep‐water charr persisted in Lake Constance during the eutrophic phase, but not one of the historical genomic samples could be assigned to the extant normal charr taxon. Stocking with non‐endemic charr seems to be the most likely reason for these changes. This proof‐of‐concept study presents a multidisciplinary data evaluation approach that simultaneously tests population genomic integrity and addresses some of the conservation issues arising from rediscovery of a species characterized by limited data availability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761 , 1939-5582
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.v33.2
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.2773
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    Towards the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic African genus Prolabeops Schultz, 1941
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology Vol. 101, No. 5 ( 2022-11), p. 1333-1342
    Details
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 101, No. 5 ( 2022-11), p. 1333-1342
    Abstract: The small cyprinid genus Prolabeops Schultz, 1941 is restricted to the Nyong and Sanaga River systems in Cameroon. In the past, the genus had been suggested to be either a member of the Labeoninae, Torinae or the Smiliogastrinae mainly on the basis of morphological similarities, and it is nowadays considered as incertae sedis within the Cypriniformes. This study provides the first attempt to reveal the phylogenetic position of Prolabeops using molecular data. For this purpose, the authors sequenced a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome ( c. 13,600 bp), including all mitochondrial protein coding genes, of two Prolabeops melanhypopterus specimens and an additional four Enteromius specimens. The large‐scale phylogenetic analysis was based on an alignment including all mitochondrial protein coding genes of 902 specimens representing c. 899 cypriniform species. Prolabeops was clearly recovered within the African Smiliogastrinae, forming a weakly supported clade together with Enteromius jae, Enteromius hulstaerti and Barboides gracilis . The study data underline the urgent need of a thorough taxonomic revision of the small African barbs collectively placed in the genus Enteromius .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.v101.5
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15205
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410564-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471958-7
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    A mismatch between morphological and molecular data in lineages of Enteromius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Lowa basin (East Democratic Republic of the Congo: DRC) with the description of a new species
    Informa UK Limited ; 2022
    In:  Systematics and Biodiversity Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 1-22
    Details
    In: Systematics and Biodiversity, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 1-22
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-2000 , 1478-0933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2135630
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2110629-0
    SSG: 12
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