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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Active Layer and Permafrost Investigations Using Geophysical and Geocryological Methods—A Case Study of the Khanovey Area, Near Vorkuta, in the NE European Russian Arctic
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 10 ( 2022-7-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-7-26)
    Abstract: Permafrost in the NE European Russian Arctic is suffering from some of the highest degradation rates in the world. The rising mean annual air temperature causes warming permafrost, the increase in the active layer thickness (ALT), and the reduction of the permafrost extent. These phenomena represent a serious risk for infrastructures and human activities. ALT characterization is important to estimate the degree of permafrost degradation. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the ALT distribution in the Khanovey railway station area (close to Vorkuta, Arctic Russia), where thaw subsidence leads to railroad vertical deformations up to 2.5 cm/year. Geocryological surveys, including vegetation analysis and underground temperature measurements, together with the faster and less invasive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical method, were used to investigate the frozen/unfrozen ground settings between the railroad and the Vorkuta River. Borehole stratigraphy and landscape microzonation indicated a massive prevalence of clay and silty clay sediments at shallow depths in this area. The complex refractive index method (CRIM) was used to integrate and quantitatively validate the results. The data analysis showed landscape heterogeneity and maximum ALT and permafrost thickness values of about 7 and 50 m, respectively. The active layer was characterized by resistivity values ranging from about 30 to 100 Ωm, whereas the underlying permafrost resistivity exceeded 200 Ωm, up to a maximum of about 10 kΩm. In the active layer, there was a coexistence of frozen and unfrozen unconsolidated sediments, where the ice content estimated using the CRIM ranged from about 0.3 – 0.4 to 0.9. Moreover, the transition zone between the active layer base and the permafrost table, whose resistivity values ranged from 100 to 200 Ωm for this kind of sediments, showed ice contents ranging from 0.9 to 1.0. Taliks were present in some depressions of the study area, characterized by minimum resistivity values lower than 10 Ωm. This thermokarst activity was more active close to the railroad because of the absence of insulating vegetation. This study contributes to better understanding of the spatial variability of cryological conditions, and the result is helpful in addressing engineering solutions for the stability of the railway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.910078
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741235-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Parameter Protocol for Geocryological Test Site: A Case Study Applied for the European North of Russia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2022-03-11), p. 2076-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2022-03-11), p. 2076-
    Abstract: An increase in air temperature leads to a significant transformation of the relief and landscapes of the Arctic. The rate of permafrost degradation, posing a profound change in the Arctic landscape, depends on air temperature, vegetation cover, type of soils, surface and ground waters. The existing international circumpolar programs dedicated to monitoring the temperature state of permafrost TSP (Thermal State Permafrost) and active layer thickness CALM (Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring) are not sufficient for a comprehensive characterization of geocryological conditions. Yet, no standardized protocol exists for permafrost monitoring and related processes. Here, we propose a novel multi-parameter monitoring protocol and implement it for two sites in the European part of the Russian Arctic: the Yary site along the coast of the Baydaratskaya Bay in the Kara Sea (68.9° N) within the continuous permafrost area and the Hanovey site in the Komi Republic (67.3° N) within the discontinuous permafrost area. The protocol includes drilling boreholes, determining the composition and properties (vegetation cover and soils), snow cover measurement, geophysical imaging, active layer estimation and continuous ground temperature measurements. Ground temperature measured in 2014–2020 revealed that amplitudes of surface temperature fluctuations had no significant differences between the Yary and Hanovey sites, while that the mean annual temperatures between the areas had a considerable difference of greater than 3.0 °C. The period of the presence of the active layer changed with the year (e.g., ranging between 135 and 174 days in the Yary site), showing longer when the air temperatures in summer and the preceding winter were higher. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) allowed determining the permafrost distribution and active layer thicknesses. Thermometry results were consistent with our geophysical data. Analyzing the composition and properties of frozen soils helped better interpret the data of geophysical and temperature measurements. By integrating the study of the soil properties, ground temperatures, and ERT, our work allowed us to fully characterize these sites, suggesting that it helps better understand the thermal state at any other research sites in the European north of Russia. Our suggested monitoring protocol enables calibrating and verifying the numerical and analytical models of the heat transfer through the earth’s surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15062076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Past and Future of Permafrost Monitoring: Stability of Russian Energetic Infrastructure
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 3190-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 3190-
    Abstract: This study is an attempt to suggest a new state system of permafrost monitoring, primarily for energetic infrastructure, based on past approaches and achievements in Russia for over a hundred years of Arctic studies. The methodology of this study is based on general theoretical methods of scientific research. Historical (retrospective analysis of the development of the monitoring system of long-term permafrost in Russia) and logical (inductive generalization) methods were applied. The structure and methods of permafrost monitoring in the Soviet Union and new technologies used nowadays to establish permafrost monitoring systems, taking into account modern Arctic energetic development, have been analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15093190
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strategies of Osteosynthesis: Problems and Perspectives
    ECO-Vector LLC ; 2022
    In:  Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2022-06-28), p. 79-90
    Details
    In: Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia, ECO-Vector LLC, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2022-06-28), p. 79-90
    Abstract: Background. Urgent osteosynthesis requires number of organizational, material, technical and staff resources. Aim of the study to determine advantages and disadvantages of existing strategies for osteosynthesis basing on literature data and comparative analysis of organization of osteosynthesis on the first day after injury and at a later time. Methods. Data were collected through review of medical records from first half of 2021 calendar year and consist of the patients have been treated by different types of osteosynthesis on the first day after admission to the hospital and later. Average length of hospital stay (LOS) for surgical procedures and duration of the operative time were compared. Results. In total 266 osteosynthesis of the extremities immediately after admission to the hospital were performed in the first half of 2021 in 260 patients. The most frequently performed ankle fractures fixation (20.7%) and clavicle fractures surgical repairment (13.9%). Cases of early infections complications and no revision surgeries required due to unstable fixation after urgent osteosynthesis were excluded. In the same period 659 delayed osteosynthesis were performed. Mean value of inpatient day in patients, who underwent urgent surgery, was 8.4016.67 days, while patients, who underwent delayed surgery, spent significantly greater (p0.05) amount of time in the hospital 12.986.28 days in average. Discussion. Three strategies of osteosynthesis exist: urgent surgeries, delayed surgeries in daytime in operating rooms for planned surgeries and combination of these approaches. Urgent osteosynthesis surgeries do not lead to infectious complications or unstable fixation, what makes them viable option while choosing treatment tactics in case of some injuries. Precise determination of patient groups according to fracture pattern and its localization, that can be operated on in urgent manner, is necessary. Moreover, introduction of urgent osteosynthesis requires serious organizational measures. It is also necessary to perform economical assessment of described approach. Only after solving these questions, it will be possible to make final conclusions about optimal strategy for performing osteosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2542-0933 , 2311-2905
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17816/2311-2905-2022-28-2
    DOI: 10.17816/2311-2905-1693
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: ECO-Vector LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3070168-5
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