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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tolerance of Eight Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Pyroxasulfone
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 2008
    In:  HortScience Vol. 43, No. 1 ( 2008-02), p. 170-172
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 43, No. 1 ( 2008-02), p. 170-172
    Abstract: Pyroxasulfone is an experimental herbicide for use in field corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean that may have potential for weed management in sweet corn. Tolerance of eight sweet corn hybrids to pyroxasulfone applied preemergence (PRE) at rates of 0, 209, and 418 g·ha −1 a.i. were studied at two Ontario locations in 2005 and 2006. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 209 and 418 g·ha −1 caused minimal (less than 3%) injury in Harvest Gold, GH2041, GH9589, GSS9299, GG214, GG446, GG763, and GG447 sweet corn hybrids at 7, 14, and 28 days after emergence. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE did not reduce plant height, cob size, or yield of any of the sweet corn hybrids tested in this study. Based on these results, pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the rates evaluated can be safely used for weed management in Harvest Gold, GH2041, GH9589, GSS9299, GG214, GG446, GG763, and GG447 sweet corn.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.170
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040198-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of sweet maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids to halosulfuron
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Crop Protection Vol. 27, No. 3-5 ( 2008-3), p. 695-699
    Details
    In: Crop Protection, Elsevier BV, Vol. 27, No. 3-5 ( 2008-3), p. 695-699
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0261-2194
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.015
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020750-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Effects of genetically modified, herbicide‐tolerant crops and their management on soil food web properties and crop litter decomposition
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2009-04), p. 388-396
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2009-04), p. 388-396
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.2009.46.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01617.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Effect of application timing of glyphosate and saflufenacil as desiccants in dry edible bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Plant Science Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2015-03), p. 369-375
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2015-03), p. 369-375
    Abstract: McNaughton, K. E., Blackshaw, R. E., Waddell, K. A., Gulden, R. H., Sikkema, P. H. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Effect of application timing of glyphosate and saflufenacil as desiccants in dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 369–375. Early application of desiccants in dry edible bean may cause yield reductions and unacceptable herbicide residue levels, resulting in rejection of exported shipments. The effect of application timing of two registered desiccants, glyphosate and saflufenacil, was examined in 12 field trials conducted over a 4-yr period (2009–2012) at Exeter, Ontario, Carman, Manitoba, and Lethbridge, Alberta. Desiccants were applied alone and in combination at five crop maturation stages. When glyphosate or saflufenacil alone, or in combination, was applied at 100% crop maturity, herbicide residue levels were acceptable (less than 2.0 and 0.01 ppm for glyphosate and saflufenacil, respectively) and there was no reduction in yield or hundred seed weight. Glyphosate residues remained below 2.0 ppm when the desiccant was applied alone or with saflufenacil at 75% crop maturity, but crop yield decreased by 16% compared with the untreated control when glyphosate and saflufenacil were combined. Residue levels were unacceptable when glyphosate was applied at 0, 25, and 50% maturity; generally the earlier glyphosate was applied, the greater the residue concentration in the seeds at harvest. Although no application timing resulted in saflufenacil residues above 0.01 ppm, crop yield was reduced when the desiccant was applied at 0, 25, 50, and 75% crop maturity. This information will provide dry bean processors with the necessary information to design guidelines concerning the application timing of glyphosate and saflufenacil so that bean yield and quality remain unaffected and seed residues remain below accepted levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4220 , 1918-1833
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjps-2014-157
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016989-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Comparing the Biomass Yield and Biogas Potential of Phragmites australis with Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum Grown in Canada
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Energies Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2018-08-22), p. 2198-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2018-08-22), p. 2198-
    Abstract: The production of bioenergy from plant biomass has the potential to reduce fossil fuel use. The number of biogas facilities around the world has risen dramatically, increasing demand for feedstocks. In this study the invasive perennial grass Phragmites australis was evaluated as a biogas feedstock in comparison with Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum. Results from three field sites for each species demonstrated that biomass yields for P. australis averaged approximately 1.82 ± 0.9 kg dry matter (DM) m−2, comparable to that of M. x giganteus. Yield of P. australis was greater than P. virgatum, which ranged from 0.49 ± 0.06 to 0.69 ± 0.07 kg DM m−2 in July and October, respectively. In mesophilic bench-top digester experiments, methane yields were greater for July-harvested material than for October, ranging from 172.4 ± 15.3 to 229.8 ± 15.2 L CH4 kg−1 volatile solids (VS) for all perennial grasses. Methane yields per hectare were highest for October-harvested M. x giganteus, followed by July-harvested M. x giganteus and P. australis, whereas methane yield from P. virgatum at both harvest times was lower than the other two species. These results suggest that P. australis is not an economically viable biogas feedstock without pre-treatment to improve methane yield.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en11092198
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Desiccation in dry edible beans with various herbicides
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Canadian Journal of Plant Science Vol. 93, No. 5 ( 2013-09), p. 871-877
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 93, No. 5 ( 2013-09), p. 871-877
    Abstract: Soltani, N., Blackshaw, R. E., Gulden, R.H., Gillard, C. L., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2013. Desiccation in dry edible beans with various herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 871–877. There is little information available on the effect of diquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil applied alone or in tankmix combination with glyphosate as harvest aids in dry bean production under environmental conditions of the various production regions in Canada. A total of 11 field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, 2012) at Exeter, Ontario, Carman, Manitoba, and Lethbridge, Alberta, to evaluate various harvest-aid herbicides in dry bean. Comparison of leaf, pod and stem visual dry down at 4 and 8 d after desiccation application (DAA) indicated that adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively. At 8 DAA, glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ), diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI), respectively. Diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively. Dry bean yield was not reduced with any of the desiccation treatments. Among desiccant treatments that provided consistent desiccation of dry bean and weeds, saflufenacil had the least environmental impact followed by flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium and then diquat. Based on this study, diquat, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil alone or in combination with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provide consistent desiccation of weeds and dry bean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4220 , 1918-1833
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjps2013-061
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016989-9
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Effect of five desiccants applied alone and in combination with glyphosate in dry edible bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Plant Science Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 2015-11), p. 1235-1242
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 2015-11), p. 1235-1242
    Abstract: McNaughton, K. E., Blackshaw, R. E., Waddell, K. A., Gulden, R. H., Sikkema, P. H. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Effect of five desiccants applied alone and in combination with glyphosate in dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1235–1242. Application of dry bean desiccants just prior to crop maturity is common practice by Canadian producers. As dry beans are grown for human consumption it is critical that producers pick desiccants that do not affect crop yield, seed quality, or result in desiccant seed residue levels above accepted levels. In this study the efficacy of glyphosate, diquat, glufosinate, carfentrazone, flumioxazin, and saflufenacil as desiccants was examined for navy, cranberry, pinto, and great northern dry bean. Seed herbicide residues were also tested for each of the dry bean classes tested. Navy, cranberry, pinto, and great northern dry bean yields were not impacted by use of the desiccants diquat, carfentrazone, flumioxazin, or saflufenacil when applied at labelled rates and application timings. Additionally, herbicide residues in seed following application remained lower than maximum residue limits (MRL) established by primary Canadian dry bean export partners. Generally, dry bean colour, irrespective of class, was not altered by desiccant use; diquat and flumioxazin caused minor increases in the degree of red and yellow seed pigmentation for cranberry bean only. Although colour differences were noted using a Chroma meter the differences were slight and would not likely be of economic importance. Application of glyphosate did not affect crop yield, and seed residue levels were below MRLs for navy, pinto, and great northern bean. However, seed glyphosate residue levels were above the MRL for cranberry bean when glyphosate was applied alone or tankmixed with carfentrazone, flumioxazin, or saflufenacil. Seed residue levels were also above listed MRLs for some export countries when glufosinate was applied to navy, cranberry, and pinto bean, although crop yield and seed quality remained unaffected. These findings suggest that growers and contractors should avoid using glufosinate as a dry bean desiccant at least for some markets and that care should be taken when selecting glyphosate as a desiccant, especially for cranberry bean. Across all market classes desiccation progress of bean leaf, stem, and pod tissue was slowest when glyphosate and carfentrazone were used.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4220 , 1918-1833
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjps-2015-098
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016989-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems in Ontario: Multivariate and Nominal Trait-Based Weed Community Structure
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Weed Science Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2010-09), p. 278-288
    Details
    In: Weed Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2010-09), p. 278-288
    Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems are popular and used extensively by producers. However, the long-term impacts of heavy reliance of this technology on weed community structure are not known. Five fully phased field experiments (two no-tillage and three conventional tillage) were established at four locations in southwestern Ontario where the effects of herbicide system (glyphosate or conventional) in corn and soybean and crop rotation (corn–soybean or corn–soybean–winter wheat) on midseason weed communities were examined. Multivariate analysis on data over the last 3 yr of the 6-yr experiment showed that weed communities were distinctly different among the treatments within each experiment. At several locations, midseason weed communities were more similar in corn and soybean treated with glyphosate compared to the same crops treated with conventional herbicides, reflecting the continuous application of the same selection pressure in both crops. Analysis of trait-densities revealed an increase in species with late initiation of seedling recruitment at the expense of weed species with medium time of initiation of seedling recruitment rather than early recruiting species. Increases in perennial species, species with a short interval between recruitment and anthesis, and wind-dispersed species were also observed. Trait-density–based analysis of the weed community was an effective method for reducing the complexity of divergent weed communities that enabled direct quantitative comparison of the herbicide-induced effects on these weed communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0043-1745 , 1550-2759
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1614/WS-D-09-00089.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2123881-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Conventional vs. Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems in Ontario: Weed Control, Diversity, and Yield
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Weed Science Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. 665-672
    Details
    In: Weed Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. 665-672
    Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops have been adopted rapidly since their commercial introduction, and with the increase in commercially available crops resistant to glyphosate, continuous use of the same herbicide mode of action is now possible in some crop rotations. A 6-yr study was initiated to investigate the effects of conventional herbicides compared with continuous use of glyphosate in GR or Roundup Ready corn and GR soybean in a corn–soybean and a corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation. Individual experiments were fully phased and established at three locations under conventional tillage (CT) and at two locations under no-tillage (NT). Results indicated that midseason weed ground cover was lower when weeds were controlled with glyphosate; however, in most cases, this did not result in improved corn or soybean yields. Within locations, species richness, which strongly influenced other diversity indicators, was most affected by the herbicide treatments. Including winter wheat in the crop rotation had little effect on corn and soybean weed ground cover, density, and community structure and only affected soybean yield. Moreover, no effects of herbicide system used in previous corn and soybean were observed in winter wheat, with the exception of species diversity in NT, where species diversity tended to be greater when weeds in previous corn and soybean were treated with conventional herbicides. After 6 yr, the effects of continuous use of GR crops in rotation were similar to those reported in previous studies; however, continued monitoring and longer-term investigations of these systems are necessary to detect the early stages of development of herbicide-resistant biotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0043-1745 , 1550-2759
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1614/WS-09-023.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2123881-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Potential Yield Loss in Dry Bean Crops Due to Weeds in the United States and Canada
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Weed Technology Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2018-06), p. 342-346
    Details
    In: Weed Technology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2018-06), p. 342-346
    Abstract: Earlier reports have summarized crop yield losses throughout various North American regions if weeds were left uncontrolled. Offered here is a report from the current WSSA Weed Loss Committee on potential yield losses due to weeds based on data collected from various regions of the United States and Canada. Dry bean yield loss estimates were made by comparing dry bean yield in the weedy control with plots that had 〉 95% weed control from research studies conducted in dry bean growing regions of the United States and Canada over a 10-year period (2007 to 2016). Results from these field studies showed that dry bean growers in Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Ontario, and Manitoba would potentially lose an average of 50%, 31%, 36%, 59%, 94%, 31%, 71%, 56%, and 71% of their dry bean yield, respectively. This equates to a monetary loss of US $36, 40, 6, 56, 421, 2, 18, 44, and 44 million, respectively, if the best agronomic practices are used without any weed management tactics. Based on 2016 census data, at an average yield loss of 71.4% for North America due to uncontrolled weeds, dry bean production in the United States and Canada would be reduced by 941,000,000 and 184,000,000 kg, valued at approximately US $622 and US $100 million, respectively. This study documents the dramatic yield and monetary losses in dry beans due to weed interference and the importance of continued funding for weed management research to minimize dry bean yield losses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0890-037X , 1550-2740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/wet.2017.116
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2119100-1
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