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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2016
    In:  Microelectronics Reliability Vol. 64 ( 2016-09), p. 194-198
    In: Microelectronics Reliability, Elsevier BV, Vol. 64 ( 2016-09), p. 194-198
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-2714
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022028-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IOP Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 55, No. 8S2 ( 2016-08-01), p. 08PD03-
    In: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, IOP Publishing, Vol. 55, No. 8S2 ( 2016-08-01), p. 08PD03-
    Abstract: We propose a method to predict the length dependency of the magnitude of degradation caused by negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) stress applied to a p-MOSFET. Threshold voltage degradation Δ V th varied according to the drain bias V d , during the measurement of drain current I d . The depletion length L dep into the channel was calculated based on a particular V d value and the channel doping concentration. L dep was used to extract the channel edge region length L edge , then the center channel region length L cen was obtained by subtracting L edge from the gate length L gate . We proposed an equation that uses L dep , L cen , L edge and degree of Δ V th variation to calculate Δ V th according to L gate while the p-MOSFET is under NBTI stress. Equation estimates of Δ V th at different L gate were similar to measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-4922 , 1347-4065
    RVK:
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    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218223-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797294-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006801-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797295-7
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 75-83
    Abstract: The minimal required number of retrieved lymph nodes (MNRLNs) to enable accurate staging of distal bile duct (DBD) adenocarcinoma remains unclear. The three‐tier 8th N staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for DBD adenocarcinoma has been recently released. The present study is aimed at proposing the MNRLNs for accurate staging and validating the 8th N stage. Methods Between 1991 and 2015, patients with pathologically confirmed DBD adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were enrolled. MNRLN was calculated via a log‐rank test based on cut‐off values. The concordance index (C‐index) was utilized to compare the discrimination capability of the two‐ and three‐tier N stages. Results A total of 780 patients were enrolled. Lymph node (LN) positivity and 5‐year overall survival (5‐YOS) rates stabilized and significant survival differences between node‐negative and –positive patients were observed when ≥12 LNs were retrieved. 5‐YOS rates between each 8th N stage significantly differ (N0 vs. N1, P  = 0.037; N1 vs. N2, P  = 0.003). The C‐index of the 8th N stage was higher than that of the 7th (0.59 vs. 0.57). Conclusions For accurate staging, at least 12 LNs should be retrieved. The three‐tier N staging system is valid for clinical practice and has a more accurate prognostic predictability than the two‐tier system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1868-6974 , 1868-6982
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2536390-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-03), p. 3173-
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-03), p. 3173-
    Abstract: Extrusion-based 3D-bioprinting using hydrogels has exhibited potential in precision medicine; however, researchers are beset with several challenges. A major challenge of this technique is the production of constructs with sufficient height and fidelity to support cellular behavior in vivo. In this study, we present the 3D-bioprinting of cylindrical constructs with tunable gelation kinetics by controlling the covalent crosslinking density and gelation time of a tyramine-functionalized alginate hydrogel (ALG-TYR) via enzymatic reaction by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The extruded filament was crosslinked for a second time on a support bath containing H2O2 to increase fidelity after printing. The resulting tubular construct, with a height of 6 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, retained its mechanical properties and had a maximum 2-fold swelling after 2 d. Furthermore, collagen (COL) was introduced into the ALG-TYR hydrogel network to increase the mechanical modulus and cell cytocompatibility, as the encapsulated fibroblast cells exhibited a higher cell viability in the ALG-TYR/COL construct (92.13 ± 0.70%) than in ALG-TYR alone (68.18 ± 3.73%). In summary, a vascular ECM-mimicking scaffold was 3D-bioprinted with the ALG-TYR/COL hybrid hydrogel, and this scaffold can support tissue growth for clinical translation in regenerative and personalized medicine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-25), p. 3272-
    Abstract: Soft biomimetic electronic devices primarily comprise an electronic skin (e-skin) capable of implementing various wearable/implantable applications such as soft human–machine interfaces, epidermal healthcare systems, and neuroprosthetics owing to its high mechanical flexibility, tissue conformability, and multifunctionality. The conformal contact of the e-skin with living tissues enables more precise analyses of physiological signals, even in the long term, as compared to rigid electronic devices. In this regard, e-skin can be considered as a promising formfactor for developing highly sensitive and transparent pressure sensors. Specifically, to minimize the modulus mismatch at the biotic–abiotic interface, transparent-conductive hydrogels have been used as electrodes with exceptional pressing durability. However, critical issues such as dehydration and low compatibility with elastomers remain a challenge. In this paper, we propose a skin-like transparent polymer-hydrogel hybrid pressure sensor (HPS) with microstructures based on the polyacrylamide/sodium-alginate hydrogel and p-PVDF-HFP-DBP polymer. The encapsulated HPS achieves conformal contact with skin due to its intrinsically stretchable, highly transparent, widely sensitive, and anti-dehydrative properties. We believe that the HPS is a promising candidate for a robust transparent epidermal stretchable-skin device.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 6
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2022-04-30), p. 3432-
    Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate strain-dependent photoacoustic (PA) characteristics of free-standing nanocomposite transmitters that are made of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and candle soot nanoparticles (CSNP) with an elastomeric polymer matrix. We analyzed and compared PA output performances of these transmitters which are prepared first on glass substrates and then in a delaminated free-standing form for strain-dependent characterization. This confirms that the nanocomposite transmitters with lower concentration of nanoparticles exhibit more flexible and stretchable property in terms of Young’s modulus in a range of 4.08–10.57 kPa. Then, a dynamic endurance test was performed revealing that both types of transmitters are reliable with pressure amplitude variation as low as 8–15% over 100–800 stretching cycles for a strain level of 5–28% with dynamic endurance in range of 0.28–2.8%. Then, after 2000 cycles, the transmitters showed pressure amplitude variation of 6–29% (dynamic endurance range of 0.21–1.03%) at a fixed strain level of 28%. This suggests that the free-standing nanocomposite transmitters can be used as a strain sensor under a variety of environments providing robustness under repeated stretching cycles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-05), p. 269-
    Abstract: Massive efforts to build walking aid platforms for the disabled have been made in line with the needs of the aging society. One of the core technologies that make up these platforms is a realization of the skin-like electronic patch, which is capable of sensing electromyogram (EMG) and delivering feedback information to the soft, lightweight, and wearable exosuits, while maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio reliably in the long term. The main limitations of the conventional EMG sensing platforms include the need to apply foam tape or conductive gel on the surface of the device for adhesion and signal acquisition, and also the bulky size and weight of conventional measuring instruments for EMG, limiting practical use in daily life. Herein, we developed an epidermal EMG electrode integrated with a wireless measuring system. Such the stretchable platform was realized by transfer-printing of the as-prepared EMG electrodes on a SiO2 wafer to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrate. The epidermal EMG patch has skin-like properties owing to its unique mechanical characteristics: i) location on a neutral mechanical plane that enables high flexibility, ii) wavy design that allows for high stretchability. We demonstrated wireless EMG monitoring using our skin-attachable and stretchable EMG patch sensor integrated with the miniaturized wireless system modules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Gels Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-02-19), p. 167-
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-02-19), p. 167-
    Abstract: Conductive hydrogels are promising materials in bioelectronics that ensure a tissue-like soft modulus and re-enact the electrophysiological function of damaged tissues. However, recent approaches to fabricating conductive hydrogels have proved difficult: fixing of the conductive hydrogels on the target tissues hydrogels requires the aids from other medical glues because of their weak tissue-adhesiveness. In this study, an intrinsically conductive and tissue-adhesive granular hydrogel consisting of a PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer and an adhesive catechol-conjugated alginate polymer was fabricated via an electrohydrodynamic spraying method. Because alginate-based polymers can be crosslinked by calcium ions, alginate-catechol polymers mixed with PEDOT:PSS granular hydrogels (ACP) were easily fabricated. The fabricated ACP exhibited not only adhesive and shear-thinning properties but also conductivity similar to that of muscle tissue. Additionally, the granular structure makes the hydrogel injectable through a syringe, enabling on-tissue printing. This multifunctional granular hydrogel can be applied to soft and flexible electronics to connect humans and machines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Gels Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-05-30), p. 336-
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-05-30), p. 336-
    Abstract: Flexible and soft bioelectronics used on skin tissue have attracted attention for the monitoring of human health. In addition to typical metal-based rigid electronics, soft polymeric materials, particularly conductive hydrogels, have been actively developed to fabricate biocompatible electrical circuits with a mechanical modulus similar to biological tissues. Although such conductive hydrogels can be wearable or implantable in vivo without any tissue damage, there are still challenges to directly writing complex circuits on the skin due to its low tissue adhesion and heterogeneous mechanical properties. Herein, we report cellulose-based conductive hydrogel inks exhibiting strong tissue adhesion and injectability for further on-skin direct printing. The hydrogels consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and metal ions (e.g., HAuCl4) were crosslinked via multiple hydrogen bonds between the cellulose backbone and tannic acid and metal-phenol coordinate network. Owing to this reversible non-covalent crosslinking, the hydrogels showed self-healing properties and reversible conductivity under cyclic strain from 0 to 400%, as well as printability on the skin tissue. In particular, the on-skin electronic circuit printed using the hydrogel ink maintained a continuous electrical flow under skin deformation, such as bending and twisting, and at high relative humidity of 90%. These printable and conductive hydrogels are promising for implementing structurally complicated bioelectronics and wearable textiles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 10
    In: Advanced Electronic Materials, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2020-01)
    Abstract: Printable elastic conductors open up new opportunities in large‐area fabrication of wearable electronics and prosthetics. Furthermore, they have the potential to advance health monitoring and continuous diagnostics by implementing sensor arrays in close proximity to the skin. Such devices need to be comfortable to wear and must accommodate strains and deformations such as twisting and stretching. A conductive polymer ink for elastic interconnects and electrodes is introduced. The processability by inkjet printing enables versatile, contactless, and maskless large area processing. The printed PEDOT:PSS‐based interconnects have conductivities as high as 700 S cm −1 , sustain strains above 100% and show good stability in air (less than 5% change in resistance in 1 month). The conductivity is among the highest reported for inkjet‐printed PEDOT:PSS and is interesting not only for stretchable circuits, but also for printed flexible and rigid PEDOT:PSS‐based applications such as solar cells, organic light emitting diodes, and electrochemical sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2199-160X , 2199-160X
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810904-1
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