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Figures 39-40 from: Rodriguez EJ, Steck GJ, Moore MR, Norrbom AL, Diaz J, Somma LA, Ruiz-Arce R, Sutton BD, Nolazco N, Muller A, Branham MA (2022) Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628

Rodriguez, Erick J. ; Steck, Gary J. ; Moore, Matthew R. ; [et al.]

Pensoft Publishers ; 2022

In: ZooKeys Vol. 1127 ( 2022-11-03), p. 155-215

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In: ZooKeys, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 1127 ( 2022-11-03), p. 155-215

Abstract: Anastrepha is the most diverse and economically important genus of Tephritidae in the American tropics and subtropics. The striking morphology of the third instars of Anastrepha caballeroi Norrbom, Anastrepha crebra Stone, Anastrepha haplacantha Norrbom & Korytkowski, Anastrepha korytkowskii Norrbom, Anastrepha nolazcoae Norrbom & Korytkowski, and three newly discovered and as yet formally unnamed species ( Anastrepha sp. Peru-82, Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, and Anastrepha sp. Sur-16), and the more typical morphology of Anastrepha aphelocentema Stone, are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. To contribute to a better understanding of the interspecific and intraspecific variation among species in the mucronota species group and facilitate phylogenetic studies, we integrate molecular and morphological techniques to confirm the identity and describe third instars. Larva-adult associations and the identification of described larvae were confirmed using DNA barcodes. We provide diagnostic characters to distinguish larvae among these nine species of the mucronota group and separate them from those of the 29 other Anastrepha species previously described. We introduce the vertical comb-like processes on the oral margin as a novel character, and the unusual character states, including position and shape of the preoral lobe, and dentate or fringed posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates. Our comparative morphology concurs with most previously inferred phylogenetic relationships within the mucronota group.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1313-2970 , 1313-2989

URL: Article

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures1-5

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures41-44

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures45-50

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DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures58-63

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DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures70-75

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DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures81-85

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures6-11

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures86-91

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DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures100-105

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DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures12-13

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures14-19

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures20-25

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures26-27

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures28-32

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures33-38

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628.figures39-40

Language: Unknown

Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2445640-8

SSG: 12

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A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk

Redondo, Maria J. ; Geyer, Susan ; Steck, Andrea K. ; [et al.]

American Diabetes Association ; 2018

In: Diabetes Care Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1887-1894

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In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1887-1894

Abstract: We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients’ relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2–51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS & gt;0.295, 95% CI 1.47–3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548

URL: Article

DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087

Language: English

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Publication Date: 2018

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6

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Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

Triolo, Taylor M. ; Fouts, Alexandra ; Pyle, Laura ; [et al.]

American Diabetes Association ; 2019

In: Diabetes Care Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 192-199

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In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 192-199

Abstract: There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A] , and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P & lt; 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody–positive, 13% for single autoantibody–positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody–positive, 12% for single autoantibody–positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody–positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody–positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548

URL: Article

DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288

Language: English

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6

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A combined risk score enhances prediction of type 1 diabetes among susceptible children

Ferrat, Lauric A. ; Vehik, Kendra ; Sharp, Seth A. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020

In: Nature Medicine Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2020-08-01), p. 1247-1255

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In: Nature Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2020-08-01), p. 1247-1255

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1078-8956 , 1546-170X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0930-4

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1484517-9

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The Effect of Ethnicity in the Rate of Beta-Cell Functional Loss in the First 3 Years After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis

Tosur, Mustafa ; Cleves, Mario A ; Sosenko, Jay M ; [et al.]

The Endocrine Society ; 2020

In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 105, No. 12 ( 2020-12-01), p. e4393-e4406

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In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 105, No. 12 ( 2020-12-01), p. e4393-e4406

Abstract: We set forth to compare ethnicities for metabolic and immunological characteristics at the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and assess the effect of ethnicity on beta-cell functional loss within 3 years after clinical diagnosis. Research Methods and Design We studied participants in TrialNet New Onset Intervention Trials (n = 624, median age = 14.4 years, 58% male, 8.7% Hispanic) and followed them prospectively for 3 years. Mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTT) were performed within 6 months following clinical diagnosis and repeated semiannually. Unless otherwise indicated, analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI Z-score, and diabetes duration. Results At T1D clinical diagnosis, Hispanics, compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW), had a higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (44.7% vs 25.3%, OR = 2.36, P = 0.01), lower fasting glucose (97 vs 109 mg/dL, P = 0.02) and higher fasting C-peptide (1.23 vs 0.94 ng/mL, P = 0.02) on the first MMTT, and higher frequency of ZnT8 autoantibody positivity (n = 201, 94.1% vs 64%, OR = 7.98, P = 0.05). After exclusion of participants in experimental arms of positive clinical trials, C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) trajectories during the first 3 years after clinical diagnosis were not significantly different between Hispanics and NHW after adjusting for age, sex, BMI-z score, and DKA (n = 413, P = 0.14). Conclusion Despite differences in the metabolic and immunological characteristics at clinical diagnosis of T1D between Hispanics and NHW, C-peptide trajectories did not differ significantly in the first 3 years following clinical diagnosis after adjustment for body mass index and other confounders. These findings may inform the design of observational studies and intervention trials in T1D.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa348

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: The Endocrine Society

Publication Date: 2020

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6

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Author Correction: A combined risk score enhances prediction of type 1 diabetes among susceptible children

Ferrat, Lauric A. ; Vehik, Kendra ; Sharp, Seth A. ; [et al.]

Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022

In: Nature Medicine Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 599-599

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In: Nature Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 599-599

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1078-8956 , 1546-170X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01631-z

Language: English

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication Date: 2022

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1484517-9

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Time to Peak Glucose and Peak C-Peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial and TrialNet Cohorts

Voss, Michael G. ; Cuthbertson, David D. ; Cleves, Mario M. ; [et al.]

American Diabetes Association ; 2021

In: Diabetes Care Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 2329-2336

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In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 2329-2336

Abstract: To assess the progression of type 1 diabetes using time to peak glucose or C-peptide during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in autoantibody-positive relatives of people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 2-h OGTTs of participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) studies. We included 706 DPT-1 participants (mean ± SD age, 13.84 ± 9.53 years; BMI Z-score, 0.33 ± 1.07; 56.1% male) and 3,720 PTP participants (age, 16.01 ± 12.33 years; BMI Z-score, 0.66 ± 1.3; 49.7% male). Log-rank testing and Cox regression analyses with adjustments (age, sex, race, BMI Z-score, HOMA-insulin resistance, and peak glucose/C-peptide levels, respectively) were performed. RESULTS In each of DPT-1 and PTP, higher 5-year diabetes progression risk was seen in those with time to peak glucose & gt;30 min and time to peak C-peptide & gt;60 min (P & lt; 0.001 for all groups), before and after adjustments. In models examining strength of association with diabetes development, associations were greater for time to peak C-peptide versus peak C-peptide value (DPT-1: χ2 = 25.76 vs. χ2 = 8.62; PTP: χ2 = 149.19 vs. χ2 = 79.98; all P & lt; 0.001). Changes in the percentage of individuals with delayed glucose and/or C-peptide peaks were noted over time. CONCLUSIONS In two independent at-risk populations, we show that those with delayed OGTT peak times for glucose or C-peptide are at higher risk of diabetes development within 5 years, independent of peak levels. Moreover, time to peak C-peptide appears more predictive than the peak level, suggesting its potential use as a specific biomarker for diabetes progression.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548

URL: Article

DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0226

Language: English

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Publication Date: 2021

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6

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Anxiety and Risk Perception in Parents of Children Identified by Population Screening as High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

O’Donnell, Holly K. ; Rasmussen, Cristy Geno ; Dong, Fran ; [et al.]

American Diabetes Association ; 2023

In: Diabetes Care ( 2023-09-06)

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In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, ( 2023-09-06)

Abstract: To assess anxiety and risk perception among parents whose children screened positive for islet autoantibodies, indicating elevated risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) study identified 319 children age 1 to 17 years at risk for T1D via screening for islet autoantibodies; 280 children with confirmed islet autoantibodies and their caregivers enrolled in a follow-up education and monitoring program to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis. Parents completed questionnaires at each monitoring visit, including a six-item version of the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), to assess anxiety about their child developing T1D, and a single question to assess risk perception. RESULTS At the first ASK follow-up monitoring visit, mean parental anxiety was elevated above the clinical cutoff of 40 (SAI 46.1 ± 11.2). At the second follow-up monitoring visit (i.e., visit 2), mean anxiety remained elevated but started to trend down. Approximately half (48.9%) of parents reported their child was at increased risk for T1D at the initial follow-up monitoring visit (visit 1). Parents of children with more than 1 islet autoantibody (IA) and a first-degree relative with T1D were more likely to report their child was at increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Most parents of autoantibody-positive children have high anxiety about their child developing T1D. Information about the risk of developing T1D is difficult to convey, as evidenced by the wide range of risk perception reported in this sample.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548

URL: Article

DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0350

Language: English

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Publication Date: 2023

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6

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Genetic Contribution to the Divergence in Type 1 Diabetes Risk Between Children From the General Population and Children From Affected Families

Hippich, Markus ; Beyerlein, Andreas ; Hagopian, William A. ; [et al.]

American Diabetes Association ; 2019

In: Diabetes Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2019-04-01), p. 847-857

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In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2019-04-01), p. 847-857

Abstract: The risk for autoimmunity and subsequently type 1 diabetes is 10-fold higher in children with a first-degree family history of type 1 diabetes (FDR children) than in children in the general population (GP children). We analyzed children with high-risk HLA genotypes (n = 4,573) in the longitudinal TEDDY birth cohort to determine how much of the divergent risk is attributable to genetic enrichment in affected families. Enrichment for susceptible genotypes of multiple type 1 diabetes–associated genes and a novel risk gene, BTNL2, was identified in FDR children compared with GP children. After correction for genetic enrichment, the risks in the FDR and GP children converged but were not identical for multiple islet autoantibodies (hazard ratio [HR] 2.26 [95% CI 1.6–3.02] ) and for diabetes (HR 2.92 [95% CI 2.05–4.16]). Convergence varied depending upon the degree of genetic susceptibility. Risks were similar in the highest genetic susceptibility group for multiple islet autoantibodies (14.3% vs .12.7%) and diabetes (4.8% vs. 4.1%) and were up to 5.8-fold divergent for children in the lowest genetic susceptibility group, decreasing incrementally in GP children but not in FDR children. These findings suggest that additional factors enriched within affected families preferentially increase the risk of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in lower genetic susceptibility strata.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X

URL: Article

DOI: 10.2337/db18-0882

Language: English

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Publication Date: 2019

detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9

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Early appearance of thyroid autoimmunity in children followed from birth for type 1 diabetes risk

Jonsdottir, Berglind ; Clasen, Joanna L ; Vehik, Kendra ; [et al.]

The Endocrine Society ; 2024

In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ( 2024-07-12)

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In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, ( 2024-07-12)

Abstract: Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) define pre-clinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) which can progress to either clinical hypo- or hyperthyroidism. We determined the age at seroconversion in children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes. Methods TPOAb and TgAb seropositivity were determined in 5066 healthy children with HLA DR3 or DR4 containing haplogenotypes from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study. Children seropositive on the cross-sectional initial screen at 8-13 years of age had longitudinally collected samples (from 3.5 months of age) screened retrospectively and prospectively for thyroid autoantibodies to identify the age at seroconversion. First-appearing autoantibody was related to sex, HLA genotype, family history of AITD, and subsequent thyroid dysfunction and disease. Results The youngest appearance of TPOAb and TgAb was 10 and 15 months of age, respectively. Girls had higher incidence rates of both autoantibodies. Family history of AITD was associated with a higher risk of TPOAb hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17, 3.08; and TgAb HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.91, 3.41. The risk of progressing to hypo- or hyperthyroidism was not different between TgAb and TPOAb, but children with both autoantibodies appearing at the same visit had a higher risk compared to TPOAb appearing first (HR 6.34, 95% CI 2.72, 14.76). Main conclusion Thyroid autoantibodies may appear during the first years of life, especially in girls, and in children with a family history of AITD. Simultaneous appearance of both autoantibodies increases the risk for hypo- or hyperthyroidism.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae478

RVK:

XA 10000

Language: English

Publisher: The Endocrine Society

Publication Date: 2024

detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6

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