In:
PLOS Pathogens, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2023-6-2), p. e1011424-
Abstract:
Insertion sequences (IS) are simple transposons implicated in the genome evolution of diverse pathogenic bacterial species. Enterococci have emerged as important human intestinal pathogens with newly adapted virulence potential and antibiotic resistance. These genetic features arose in tandem with large-scale genome evolution mediated by mobile elements. Pathoadaptation in enterococci is thought to be mediated in part by the IS element IS256 through gene inactivation and recombination events. However, the regulation of IS256 and the mechanisms controlling its activation are not well understood. Here, we adapt an IS256-specfic deep sequencing method to describe how chronic lytic phage infection drives widespread diversification of IS256 in E . faecalis and how antibiotic exposure is associated with IS256 diversification in E . faecium during a clinical human infection. We show through comparative genomics that IS256 is primarily found in hospital-adapted enterococcal isolates. Analyses of IS256 transposase gene levels reveal that IS256 mobility is regulated at the transcriptional level by multiple mechanisms in E . faecalis , indicating tight control of IS256 activation in the absence of selective pressure. Our findings reveal that stressors such as phages and antibiotic exposure drives rapid genome-scale transposition in the enterococci. IS256 diversification can therefore explain how selective pressures mediate evolution of the enterococcal genome, ultimately leading to the emergence of dominant nosocomial lineages that threaten human health.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1553-7374
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.g007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s010
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s011
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s012
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s013
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s014
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011424.s015
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2205412-1
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