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  • 1
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2021-04-05)
    Abstract: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used in the treatment of end-stage heart failure. One important limitation in the follow-up of these patients is the very difficult echocardiographic image, because of the interposition of implanted materials. Case summary  We present here a case series of LVAD patients with severely limited transthoracic echocardiographic windows in whom the echocardiographic analysis of the left and right ventricular function could be obtained from a very unusual approach, using a right intercostal transhepatic window, allowing visualization of the heart chambers and quantification of function even in these very challenging cases. In one case, the result was confirmed by computed tomography. In the second case, computed tomography images were unreliable because of strong artefacts from the LVAD system and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads, but the transhepatic approach still provided sufficient image quality in order to allow the imaging follow-up of the patient. In the third case, the transhepatic window was the only approach that provided echocardiographic images, and due to the good visualization of the heart cavities, this imaging technique was considered sufficient for follow-up studies in this stable subject with LVAD as destination therapy. Discussion  The transhepatic window may represent a good alternative in selected LVAD patients with very difficult acoustic access in traditional transthoracic views. Modified or alternate echocardiographic windows may reduce the need for invasive procedures (transoesophageal echocardiography) or imaging methods using radiations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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  • 2
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 11 ( 2021-11-01)
    Abstract: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common congenital cyanotic cardiac lesion. Pulmonary vein stenosis occurs much less commonly and remains difficult to manage. It is exceedingly uncommon for a patient to have both lesions. This case highlights the diagnostic and management difficulties in an infant with these two lesions. Case summary The patient is a 4-month-old female infant with a history of TOF status post right ventricular outflow tract stent placement who presented after a hypoxaemic event at home to 40% SpO2. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated previously undiagnosed pulmonary vein stenosis of all four veins. She underwent multiple catheter-based palliations including balloon dilations and stent placements in each pulmonary vein in order to maximize her chances of successful definitive repair. She underwent successful repair of her TOF and pulmonary vein stenosis at ten months of age. Discussion The combination of TOF and pulmonary vein stenosis is not common, but when these lesions co-occur, they present a significant dilemma in determining the timing of surgery in order to optimize the odds of a successful outcome. This case demonstrates that serial catheter-based procedures can be valuable tools in minimizing pre-operative risk factors and highlights one strategy in determining timing of definitive surgical repair.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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  • 3
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2021-02-04)
    Abstract: Prenatally diagnosed pericardial teratoma present a rare finding with an unfavourable prognosis due to frequently associated Foetal hydrops and limited treatment options. We report a successful surgical resection of a prenatally diagnosed cardiac teratoma in a 1160 g neonate with severe Foetal hydrops and cardiac deterioration. Case summary The patient was transferred in utero to our institution due to prior diagnosed pericardial mass and severe foetal hydrops, which necessitated caesarean section one day after arrival at a gestational age of 28 + 0 weeks. After intubation, the patient was stabilized by surgical drainage of 60 mL of pericardial effusion. Further clinical worsening of the patient on the day of life 12 demanded urgent intervention, so that in toto resection of the tumour was performed at a bodyweight of 1160 g. Histopathological analysis revealed a teratoma and the patient is in excellent clinical condition one year after surgery. Discussion This case report demonstrates that an interdisciplinary, two-staged approach can be a feasible and promising treatment option in patients with prenatally diagnosed teratoma and severe Foetal hydrops in a critical circulatory state. Furthermore, it illustrated that resection of pericardial masses can be successfully performed at a bodyweight as low as 1160 g.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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  • 4
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2022-02-03)
    Abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease associated with high rates of mortality and can significantly complicate pregnancy posing health risks for the mother and child alike. Case summary We present the case of a 37-year-old female patient with World Health Organisation functional Class IV symptoms during the 34th week of her 3rd pregnancy. Initial echocardiography showed a significantly elevated estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 86 mmHg + central vein pressure as well as signs of chronic pulmonary hypertension. After a successful emergent caesarean section, pulmonary hypertension was confirmed via right heart catheterization. After exclusion of secondary aetiologies of pulmonary hypertension, the diagnosis of Class 1 pulmonary artery hypertension was made. We initially treated the patient with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil (20 mg oral bid trice daily) and later extended the medication with the dual endothelin receptor antagonist Macicentan (10 mg daily). Since the patient remained symptomatic vasodilator testing was performed and showed a significant response to intravenous Epoprostenol. We initiated a high-dose calcium channel blocker (CCB) therapy with amlodipine (20 mg daily) which led to symptomatic relief, increased exercise capacity as well as reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance as confirmed by another right heart catheterization after therapy initiation. Discussion Since the presentation is usually non-specific, the diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension can be challenging and cause a delay in treatment initiation. Even though rare vasodilator testing and invasive haemodynamic measurements should be performed to identify patients with favourable long-term response to high-dose CCB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 36-45
    In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 36-45
    Abstract: Aerobic exercise is a critical component of cardiac rehabilitation following cardiac surgery. Aerobic exercise is traditionally commenced 2–6 weeks following hospital discharge and most commonly includes stationary cycling or treadmill walking. The initiation of aerobic exercise within this early postoperative period not only introduces the benefits associated with aerobic activity sooner, but also ameliorates the negative effects of immobilization associated with the early postoperative period. Methods A systematic review identified all studies reporting safety and efficacy outcomes of aerobic exercise commenced within two weeks of cardiac surgery. A meta-analysis was performed comparing functional, aerobic and safety outcomes in patients receiving early postoperative aerobic exercise compared with usual postoperative care. Results Six-minute walk test distance at hospital discharge was 419 ± 88 m in early aerobic exercise patients versus 341 ± 81 m in those receiving usual care (mean difference 69.5 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) 39.2–99.7 m, p  〈  0.00001). Peak aerobic power was 18.6 ± 3.8 ml·kg –1 ·min –1 in those receiving early exercise versus 15.0 ± 2.1 ml·kg –1 ·min –1 in usual care (mean difference 3.20 ml·kg –1 ·min –1 , 95% CI 1.45–4.95, p = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in adverse events rates between the two groups (odds ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.12–1.42, p = 0.16). Conclusion Aerobic exercise commenced early after cardiac surgery significantly improves functional and aerobic capacity following cardiac surgery. While adverse event rates did not differ significantly, patients included were very low risk. Further studies are required to adequately assess safety outcomes of aerobic exercise commenced early after cardiac surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-4873 , 2047-4881
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2646239-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  The American Journal of Medicine Vol. 134, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. e303-e305
    In: The American Journal of Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 134, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. e303-e305
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9343
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003338-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2018-12), p. 20-22
    In: Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2018-12), p. 20-22
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1553-8389
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2195739-3
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  • 8
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 8 ( 2021-08-01)
    Abstract: Percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure has been well established in the secondary prevention of cryptogenic stroke with overall low rates of procedural complications. One such complication is PFO closure device thrombus formation which is now rarely reported with newer generation devices. Case summary We present the unusual case of a 59-year-old woman with myelofibrosis who developed late-onset recurrent embolic strokes related to Amplatzer PFO closure device thrombus whilst therapeutically anticoagulated on Warfarin. Surgical management was deemed too high risk and our patient was conservatively managed with enoxaparin. Serial transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a reduction in thrombus size and the patient had no further neurological events. Discussion Overall, the risk of serious complications following percutaneous PFO closure, such as device-associated thrombus, remains low. The risk of thrombus formation in patients with hypercoagulable states is not well characterized. Despite good evidence for the efficacy in preventing recurrent cryptogenic stroke, the role of PFO closure in addition to anticoagulation is unclear. Given this uncertain benefit of PFO closure in anticoagulated patients and the unclear risk profile, patient selection, and thorough pre-procedural evaluation are vital when assessing the appropriateness of percutaneous PFO closure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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  • 9
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2022-09-05)
    Abstract: Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are the most common arrhythmias observed in patients without structural heart disease (SHD). Frequent PVCs cause left ventricular dilation and dysfunction without SHD, the so-called PVC-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC). Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide and is strongly associated with arrhythmias including PVCs. PVCs have been reported in up to two-thirds of patients with OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a well-established primary treatment modality in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Case summary We present a 69-year-old male case with severe OSA and an improvement in his PIC following CPAP therapy. He has remained well without any symptoms or arrhythmias for 2 years after the introduction of the CPAP therapy for his OSA. Discussion Using CPAP therapy for the treatment of his OSA, we could improve his PIC in accordance with a reduction in frequent PVCs without ablation of the PVCs. Only ablation without CPAP therapy may not be able to completely treat PIC associated with OSA, as in the present case. Thus, physicians should be aware of the possibility of PVCs associated with OSA when examining patients with PVCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of improvement in PIC following CPAP therapy in a patient with severe OSA. Future investigations should focus on whether CPAP therapy can improve PIC associated with OSA and prevent a progression to heart failure and also result in an improvement in the prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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  • 10
    In: European Heart Journal - Case Reports, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2021-04-05)
    Abstract: Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated sarcomas are the most common primary tumours of the pulmonary arteries. They usually affect large-calibre vessels and present with predominantly intraluminal growth. Dyspnoea, cough, chest pain, and haemoptysis are the most common presenting symptoms. Clinical and imaging manifestations can mimic pulmonary embolisms and correct diagnosis may require multimodal imaging. The overall prognosis is poor; however, early diagnosis and complete surgical resection seem to improve the prognosis. Case summary  A 31-year-old male was admitted to our department after a pre-syncopal episode associated with dyspnoea of recent onset. Echocardiography showed a mass with irregular borders attached to the pulmonary artery trunk, almost obliterating its lumen and determining a flow acceleration with a peak velocity and gradient, respectively, of 3.8 m/s and 60 mmHg. At cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan, the mass had inhomogeneous contrast impregnation and an intense 18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, both findings are highly suggestive of an angiosarcoma of the pulmonary artery. Biopsy specimens were taken through bronchoscopy but the material was insufficient for diagnosis. The patient decided to continue treatment in another hospital, where he died a few months later. Discussion  The presence of a unique mass involving the main trunk of the pulmonary artery or proximal branches associated with rapidly progressive dyspnoea in a patient at low risk for pulmonary embolism should raise the suspicion of primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. There are no guidelines for the treatment. Surgery and neo/adjuvant chemotherapy are reported in literature but burdened by bias and concerning a small number of cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-2119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948381-5
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