In:
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, American Physiological Society, Vol. 290, No. 3 ( 2006-03), p. E550-E559
Abstract:
Among the products of enteroendocrine cells are the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, secreted by L cells) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP, secreted by K cells). These are key modulators of insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and gastric emptying. Because of the rapid early rise of GLP-1 in plasma after oral glucose, we wished to definitively establish the absence or presence of L cells, as well as the relative distribution of the incretin cell types in human duodenum. We confirmed the presence of proglucagon and pro-GIP genes, their products, and glucosensory molecules by tissue immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR of laser-captured, single duodenal cells. We also assayed plasma glucose, incretin, and insulin levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes for 120 min after they ingested 75 g of glucose. Subjects with normal glucose tolerance ( n = 14) had as many L cells (15 ± 1), expressed per 1,000 gut epithelial cells, as K cells (13 ± 1), with some containing both hormones (L/K cells, 5 ± 1). In type 2 diabetes, the number of L and L/K cells was increased (26 ± 2; P 〈 0.001 and 9 ± 1; P 〈 0.001, respectively). Both L and K cells contained glucokinase and glucose transporter-1, -2, and -3. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects had increased plasma GLP-1 levels between 20 and 80 min, concurrently with rising plasma insulin levels. Significant coexpression of the main incretin peptides occurs in human duodenum. L and K cells are present in equal numbers. New onset type 2 diabetes is associated with a shift to the L phenotype.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0193-1849
,
1522-1555
DOI:
10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2004
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Physiological Society
Publication Date:
2006
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1477331-4
SSG:
12
Bookmarklink