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  • 1
    In: Ruminants, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2023-09-09), p. 246-254
    Abstract: Wagyu cattle are well known for their greater intramuscular fat content which improves eating quality for consumers. These experiments were designed to investigate the impact of olive cake supplementation on Wagyu steer growth performance, longissimus muscle fatty acid composition, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. We hypothesized that feeding with olive cake would improve animal performance and increase oleic acid (C18:1cis9) composition in the longissimus muscle. Experiment 1: Eighty-three American Wagyu steers (725 ± 10.7 kg) were used in this experiment. Steers were blocked by initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned within blocks to one of two treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (basal ration with no olive cake) or (2) control diet + 5% supplemental olive. Steers were housed in feedlot pens (n = 4 steers/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) and fed a finishing diet typical for Wagyu cattle. Steers were individually weighed every 28 d throughout the 177 d experiment. Longissimus muscle samples were obtained for fatty acid analysis at the time of slaughter. Experiment 2: Rumen fluid from three beef steers (480 ± 10 kg) fitted with rumen canulae was used to investigate the impact of olive cake on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no olive cake) or (2) 5% olive cake. Results: Experiment 1: Steers receiving olive cake had a lower (p 〈 0.05) final BW and DM intake when compared to steers receiving the control diet. Longissimus muscle C18:2 and C22:6 n-3 were greater (p 〈 0.05) and C18:1cis9 tended (p 〈 0.06) to be greater in steers receiving olive cake when compared to controls. Experiment 2: Dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber disappearance and molar proportions of short chain fatty acids were similar across treatments. The weight percentage of C14:1 was greater in in vitro rumen fluid fermented with olive cake when compared to controls. All other long chain fatty acids were similar across treatments. Under the conditions of this experiment, feeding olive cake at 5% of the diet DM reduced live animal performance and had minimal impacts on longissimus muscle fatty acid composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-933X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3136505-X
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  • 2
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-13), p. 2083-
    Abstract: The majority of Mo research has focused on the antagonist effect of Mo, alone or in combination with elevated dietary S, on Cu absorption and metabolism in ruminants. Diets containing both 〉 5.0 mg of Mo/kg DM and 〉 0.33% S have been reported to reduce the Cu status in cattle and sheep. Therefore, due to the potential for inducing Cu deficiency, Mo and S concentrations in the diet should be monitored and kept within appropriate values. Elevated sulfate concentrations in drinking water can also be detrimental to livestock production, especially in ruminants. High concentrations of sulfate in water have been extensively studied in cattle because high-sulfate water induces polioencephalomalacia in ruminants. However, little research has been conducted investigating the impact of Mo in water on Cu metabolism in ruminants. Based on the limited number of published experiments, it appears that Mo in drinking water may have a lower antagonistic impact on the Cu status in cattle when compared to Mo consumed in the diet. This response may be due to a certain percentage of water bypassing the rumen when consumed by ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this review was to examine the impact of Mo in drinking water on cattle performance and Mo and Cu metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 442-443
    Abstract: Twelve crossbred steers fitted with rumen cannulae were used to determine the influence of trace mineral (TM) source on relative binding strength of minerals in the ruminal insoluble digesta fraction (IDF). Steers (n = 4/treatment) were fed a corn silage-based diet containing no supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn for 7d. On d 8, steers received a bolus dose (2 x NRC requirement) of the respective TM from sulfate (STM), organic (ORG; provided as Zn methionine, Mn methionine, and Cu lysine), or hydroxy TM (HTM; Micronutrients USA LLC) sources. Ruminal samples were obtained at 2 h intervals starting at -4 and ending at 24 h post dosing. Ruminal samples were centrifuged and supernatant and the IDF were collected and frozen separately. Binding strength of Cu, Mn, and Zn to the IDF was estimated at 0, 12, and 24 h using dialysis against 0.05 M Tris-EDTA. At 0 h pre-dosing, IDF concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Zn were similar across treatments. At 12 h post dosing Cu and Zn IDF concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.05) in HTM vs. STM and ORG supplemented steers, and Mn concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.05) in HTM and ORG vs. STM supplemented steers. At 24 h post dosing, IDF Zn concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.05) in HTM vs STM and ORG supplemented steers and Cu and Mn concentrations were similar across treatments. At 12 and 24 h post dosing the percent Cu and Zn released following dialysis was greater (P & lt; 0.05) in HTM vs STM and ORG supplemented steers. The percent released of Cu, Mn, and Zn at 0 h, and Mn at 12 and 24 h were similar across treatments. Data indicate that a greater concentration of Cu and Zn from HTM is loosely bound to the ruminal IDF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_3 ( 2021-10-08), p. 375-375
    Abstract: Renergy™ is a proprietary blend of organic acids with a proposed mode of action of increasing ruminal propionate production. Little is known about the efficacy of Renergy™ supplementation in modifying ruminal fermentation in beef cattle consuming high-grain diets. Therefore, eight Angus steers (BW 531.7 ± 20.4 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were used to determine the effects of Renergy™ on ruminal fermentation characteristics. Steers were fed a high concentrate diet (DM basis: 13.6% CP, 1.38 Mcal/kg NEg, and 2.02 Mcal/kg NEm) with no monensin sodium or tylosin phosphate added to the diet for 30 d prior to the initiation of the experiment. Treatments consisted of control (CON; no supplemental Renergy™) and Renergy (REN) fed at 27.6 g.animal-1.d-1 (n = 4 steers/treatment; experimental unit = animal). Following the 30 d diet adaptation period, dietary treatments were initiated for 28-d. On day 28, rumen fluid was collected at 3 h post feeding and analyzed for VFA, pH, and NH3. Ruminal pH (P = 0.62) and NH3 (P = 0.56) were unaffected by treatment. However, total VFA (P = 0.05) and propionate (P = 0.03) production were increased by Renergy, 13.3% and 25.7% respectively. There was a tendency (P = 0.14) for acetate production to be increased 10.9% in steers supplemented with Renergy™. Butyrate was unaffected (P = 0.51) by treatment. However, isobutyrate production was lower (P & lt; 0.01) in steers receiving Renergy™. Feeding Renergy™ also resulted in 25% less (P = 0.07) L-lactate production. Under conditions of this experiment, results indicate that supplementing Renergy™ for 28d to beef cattle consuming high concentrate diets impacts ruminal fermentation 3 h post feeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_3 ( 2021-10-08), p. 294-295
    Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of Mo source (feed or water) on performance and mineral status of cows and calves fed a forage-based diet for two years (DM basis: 6.6% CP; 0.14% S, 6.7 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg). Fifty-four cow-calf pairs were stratified by cow age, BW, and liver Cu and Mo status, and randomly assigned to one of six treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) Negative control (NC; no supplemental Mo or Cu); 2) Positive control [PC: NC + Cu (3 mg Cu/kg diet DM from CuSO4·5H2O)]; 3) NC + 500 µg Mo/L from MoNa2O4·2H2O in drinking water (Mo 500-water); 4) NC + 1000 µg Mo/L of MoNa2O4·2H2O in drinking water (Mo 1000-water); 5) Mo 1000-water + 3 mg Cu/kg diet DM from CuSO4·5H2O (Mo 1000-water+Cu); and 6) NC + 3 mg Mo/kg diet DM from MoNa2O4·2H2O (3.0 Mo-diet). Cattle were allowed ad-libitum access to feed, water, and a protein supplement throughout the experiment. During the winter months animals were housed in three replicate pens per treatment and during the summer months animals were housed in separate pastures by treatment where cow and calf feed and water intake could be measured separately. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design. Throughout the experiment no signs of molybdenosis were observed. There was a treatment x time (P & lt; 0.01) interaction for cow liver Cu concentrations. Cows not receiving supplemental Cu had lower (P & lt; 0.01) liver Cu concentrations than cows receiving supplemental Cu. Cow and calf performance, calf mineral status, cow liver Mo, and plasma and milk Mo and Cu concentrations were similar across treatments. These data indicate that Mo supplemented in water or feed at concentrations used in this experiment had minimal impact on Cu status and overall animal performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_3 ( 2021-10-08), p. 481-482
    Abstract: Six steers fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a crossover design to examine the impact of direct fed microbial (DFM) supplementation on in vivo rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro lactic acid clearance. Steers were fed a moderately high concentrate -1∙day-1 of 4.45x 1010 CFU/g of Propionibacteria acidipropionici). Treatments were administered daily, directly into the rumen via the cannula as a single bolus dose at the time of feeding. Rumen contents were sampled two h post-feeding daily and analyzed for short chain fatty acids (SCFA). On d 7 and 14, rumen fluid was collected from all steers and subjected to an in vitro lactic acid clearance challenge. Lactic acid and SCFA concentrations were determined at 3, 6 and 9 h post incubation. After d 14, all cattle received the basal diet for 21 d. On d 22, treatment crossover was implemented and the experiment repeated. Animal was considered the experimental unit and data were analyzed as a crossover design using Proc Mixed in SAS. In vivo propionic acid concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.05) and total SCFA tended (P & lt; 0.06) to be greater in rumen fluid from steers receiving DFM. D- and total lactic acid concentrations were lesser (P & lt; 0.05) at 3 h post in vitro incubation for steers receiving DFM. D-, L+, and total lactic acid concentrations were similar between treatments at all other timepoints. In vitro propionic acid and total SCFA concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.05) and acetic acid concentrations lesser (P & lt; 0.05) in steers receiving DFM. These data indicate that the DFM Propionibacteria acidipropionici, alters in vivo and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-09-22), p. 241-242
    Abstract: Eighty-three American Wagyu steers (725 ±10.7 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of olive byproduct supplementation on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. We hypothesized that with supplementation of olive byproduct would improve feedlot performance and longissimus muscle intramuscular fat composition. Steers were blocked by initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned within block to one of two treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) Control diet (basal ration with no olive byproduct) + 1 kg of supplemental cracked corn per animal per day, or 2) Control diet + 1 kg of supplemental olive byproduct per animal per day. Steers were housed in feedlot pens (n=4 steers/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) and fed a traditional American Wagyu finishing diet (DM basis: 68.4% DM, 14.3% CP; 74.8% TDN, 1.16 Mcal/kg NEg, 5.3% crude fat). Diets were delivered to pens, once daily, in the morning in amounts to allow ad libitum access to feed over a 24 h period. Olive byproduct and cracked corn were top-dressed to the appropriate treatment pens immediately after delivery of the basal ration. Steers were individually weighed on d -1 and 0, and approximately every 28 d throughout the 177 d experiment. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were slaughtered throughout the experiment and carcass data were collected. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc.) for a randomized complete block design. Steers receiving olive byproduct had a lower final BW (P & lt; 0.01) when compared to steers receiving the control diet. Longissimus muscle long chain fatty acids C18:1 and C:22:0 were greater (P & lt; 0.05) and C18:0 lesser (P & lt; 0.05) in controls when compared to steers supplemented with olive byproduct. Under the conditions of this experiment, feeding olive byproduct reduced final BW and had minimal impacts on longissimus muscle fatty acid composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-09-22), p. 397-398
    Abstract: Twelve steers, fitted with rumen canulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to examine the impact of the direct fed microbial Propionibacteria acidipropionici (PA) on rumen fermentation characteristics. All steers were housed together in one pen equipped with GrowSafe feed intake monitoring stations and one Greenfeed system used to estimate in vivo methane production. Steers were fed a corn silage-based diet throughout the experiment. Treatments consisted of PA administered at: 1) 0.0; 2) 1.0 x 108; 3)1.0 x 109; and 4) 1.0 x 1010 CFU∙animal-1∙day-1. Treatments were administered directly into the rumen as a single bolus dose daily. On day 7 and 14 of each period, rumen fluid was collected from each steer 2 h post treatment administration for VFA analysis and for determining in vitro fermentation characteristics. Following a 14d washout period, animal treatments were switched, and the experiment repeated. Data were analyzed as a 4 x 4 Latin square design. In vivo propionic acid molar proportions (25.4 vs 23.6±0.24) and total VFA concentrations (125.2 vs 121.3±1.87) were greater (P & lt; 0.05) in steers receiving PA compared with controls. In vitro DM disappearance (P & lt; 0.05; 63.3% vs 59.2%±1.12) and total VFA (P & lt; 0.05; 147.9 vs 145.2±1.76) were greater and methane (ml/g DMD) lesser (P & lt; 0.04; 13.1 vs 15.6±0.11) in fermentation vessels incubated with rumen fluid from animals receiving PA compared with controls. Dry matter disappearance (P & lt; 0.03) and propionic acid (P & lt; 0.04) increased linearly as dose of PA increased. In vitro Total VFA tended (P & lt; 0.08) to increase linearly and methane production tended (P & lt; 0.09) to decrease quadratically in response PA dose. In vivo methane production was similar across treatments. In conclusion, PA addition improved in vivo and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 307-308
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 307-308
    Abstract: The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the influence of Cu dose on the relative abundance of Cu trafficking genes in cultured bovine hepatocytes. A liver sample was obtained immediately post-mortem from one healthy Angus steer. Hepatocytes were isolated, counted, and seeded at equal density into 15 separate wells, and incubated for 1 hour in culture media containing: 0.0, 0.10, 1.0, 10.0, or 100 mg Cu/L (3 replicates per Cu dose). Following incubation, cells were collected and total RNA was isolated. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the abundance of transcripts for proteins involved in Cu homeostasis. The identified targets were: ALDH2, APOA1, ATOX1, ATP7A, ATP7B, BHMT, BLVRB, CA2, CCS, COX17, CTR1, ELN, GAPDH, GLUD1, GSS, LOXL1, PDIA3, SOD1, SOD3. β-Actin (ACTB) served as the endogenous control. Significant linear responses existed for ALDH2 (P & lt; 0.001), ATOX1 (P & lt; 0.01), PDIA3 (P & lt; 0.05). As Cu dose increased, the relative abundance of ALDH2 increased, and ATOX1 and PDIA3 decreased. Significant quadratic responses existed for ATP7B (P & lt; 0.001), COX17 (P & lt; 0.05), and SOD1 (P & lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of COX17 was lesser at 0.1 and 1.0 mg Cu/L when compared to 0.0, 10, and 100 mg Cu/L. Transcript abundance for ATP7B and SOD1 was lower at 0, 1, and 100 mg Cu/L when compared to 0.1 and 10 mg Cu/L. These data indicate that certain transcripts are differentially expressed in cultured bovine hepatocytes in response to increasing Cu dose.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 443-443
    Abstract: Twelve crossbred Angus steers fitted with rumen cannulae were used to determine the influence of trace mineral source on ruminal soluble mineral concentrations and relative binding strength of trace minerals in the ruminal insoluble digesta fraction. Steers were adjusted to a low-quality hay (chopped) diet balanced to meet the nutrient requirements for growing steers. For 7 d prior to initiation of the study, steers were fed the diet without supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn. On day 8 steers received a pulse dose (2 x NRC requirement) of Cu, Mn, and, Zn from sulfate (STM) or hydroxy trace minerals (HTM; Micronutrients LLC, USA). Ruminal samples were obtained at 2 h intervals until 24 h post-dosing for soluble (fraction obtained after centrifugation) Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations. Binding strength of Cu, Mn, and Zn to ruminal solid digesta (post centrifugation) was estimated at 0, 12, and 24h post-dosing using dialysis against 0.05 M Tris-EDTA. Ruminal soluble mineral concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.05) for Cu at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 h; for Mn at 4 and 6 h; and for Zn at 4, 6, and 8 h post dosing in STM compared to HTM steers. Concentration of Cu, Mn, and Zn remaining in the insoluble fraction were greater (P & lt; 0.05) at 12 h post dosing in HTM vs STM supplemented steers. At 24 h post dosing, Mn concentrations were lesser (P & lt; 0.03) and Zn concentrations were greater (P & lt; 0.001) in HTM vs STM supplemented steers. Following dialysis, the % Cu, and Zn released from the insoluble fraction was greater (P & lt; 0.001) at 12 h and 24h in HTM vs. STM supplemented steers. Results indicate that a greater proportion of Cu and Zn HTM remained loosely bound to the insoluble fraction within the rumen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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