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  • 1
    In: Advanced Functional Materials, Wiley
    Abstract: The 2D insulating material hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has attracted much attention as the active medium in memristive devices due to its favorable physical properties, among others, a wide bandgap that enables a large switching window. Metal filament formation is frequently suggested for h‐BN devices as the resistive switching (RS) mechanism, usually supported by highly specialized methods like conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, the switching of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) threshold memristors with two nickel (Ni) electrodes is investigated through their current conduction mechanisms. Both the high and the low resistance states are analyzed through temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements. The formation and retraction of nickel filaments along boron defects in the h‐BN film as the resistive switching mechanism is proposed. The electrical data are corroborated with TEM analyses to establish temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements as a valuable tool for the analysis of resistive switching phenomena in memristors made of 2D materials. The memristors exhibit a wide and tunable current operation range and low stand‐by currents, in line with the state of the art in h‐BN‐based threshold switches, a low cycle‐to‐cycle variability of 5%, and a large On/Off ratio of 10 7 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-301X , 1616-3028
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029061-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039420-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Carbon Vol. 144 ( 2019-04), p. 351-361
    In: Carbon, Elsevier BV, Vol. 144 ( 2019-04), p. 351-361
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-6223
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014715-6
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  • 3
    In: Lubricants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-29), p. 286-
    Abstract: For wet disk clutches, the energy input is strongly influenced by its friction behavior. However, the friction behavior cannot be simulated and therefore is mostly derived from experimental data for specific clutch systems. This paper presents a new approach for the identification and validation of linear friction models using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stepwise regression. Therefore, we use experimental data of three different friction systems with paper- and carbon-based friction lining. The designed experiments support an efficient parameter-based analysis of the friction behavior. The obtained models can be used as an input for thermal simulations, for example, but can also support a better understanding of the main influencing factors and are applicable to various friction systems. For validation, the obtained models are applied to measured data. A good correspondence between the simulated and measured friction behavior can be shown for speeds in the investigated operating range. The presented procedure can be easily adapted, for different factors and operation modes, as well as other applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4442
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704327-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Vol. 87, No. 2 ( 2023-06), p. 555-570
    In: Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 87, No. 2 ( 2023-06), p. 555-570
    Abstract: In nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplungen entstehen im geöffneten Zustand und unter Differenzdrehzahl durch Fluidscherung hervorgerufene lastunabhängige Schleppverluste. Die genaue und zuverlässige Bestimmung des Schleppmoments einer nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplung kann mittels kosten- und zeitaufwendiger Messungen erfolgen. Alternativ können die Schleppverluste mithilfe rechenzeitintensiver CFD-Modelle bereits in der frühen Phase der Entwicklung detailliert berechnet werden. Im Gegensatz dazu erlauben einfache analytische Berechnungsmodelle eine grobe aber dafür schnelle Abschätzung. Das Ziel dieser Studie war deshalb die Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Bildung eines datengetriebenen Modells zur Prädiktion der Schleppverluste nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen mit geringem Rechenaufwand und gleichzeitig hinreichender Genauigkeit unter Berücksichtigung einer Vielzahl relevanter Einflussparameter. Zur Modellbildung kommen Supervised Machine Learning Algorithmen zum Einsatz. Die Methodik deckt alle relevanten Schritte von der Datengenerierung bis zum validierten Prädiktionsmodell sowie dessen Anwendung ab. Die Methodik umfasst sechs Schritte. In Schritt 1 erfolgt die Datengenerierung an einem geeigneten Prüfstand. In Schritt 2 folgt die Auswertung charakteristischer Kennwerte zur Quantifizierung des Schleppverlustverhaltens. Die charakteristischen Kennwerte dienen bei der Modellbildung als Zielgrößen. In Schritt 3 werden die Zusammensetzung und Qualität des Datensets analysiert und darauf aufbauend die Modell-Inputparameter definiert. In Schritt 4 werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen den untersuchten Einflussparametern (Modell-Input) und den charakteristischen Kennwerten (Modell-Output) ermittelt. Es haben sich hierfür die Symbolische Regression und die Gauß-Prozess Regression bewährt. Das Modell dient schließlich in Schritt 5 zur Prädiktion der charakteristischen Kennpunkte. Auf Basis der Prädiktionen kann abschließend in Schritt 6 mittels einer Approximationsfunktion das Schleppmoment als Funktion der Differenzdrehzahl prädiziert werden. Das Modell ermöglicht auch für eine hohe Parameteranzahl eine anwendernahe Schleppmomentprädiktion mit geringem Rechenaufwand und gleichzeitig hinreichender Genauigkeit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0015-7899 , 1434-0860
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481282-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2022
    In:  Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement Vol. 27, No. 06 ( 2022-12), p. 331-340
    In: Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 27, No. 06 ( 2022-12), p. 331-340
    Abstract: Publizierte Studien aus dem Jahr 2021 zeigen, dass Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) bei hospitalisierten Covid-19-Patienten zu einer Verbesserung des Krankheitsverlaufs führen kann. Darauf aufbauend wurde mittels eines Surveys eine retrospektive Datenerhebung von 866 Covid-19-Patienten, die eine Behandlung mit OTC-Arzneimitteln erhielten, sowie deren Krankheitsverlauf erhoben (2021/2022). Die Patientengruppe, die eine Behandlung mit ASS erhielt, war deutlich älter und schwerer grunderkrankt als die Vergleichsgruppen an Patienten, die entweder mit Ibuprofen, Paracetamol oder ohne OTC-Arzneimittel behandelt wurden. Obwohl die SARS-CoV-2-Patienten mit ASS älter und schwerer vorerkrankt sind, stellt sich der Behandlungsverlauf vergleichbar zu jüngeren und leichter vorerkrankten Patienten dar. Symptome wie Gliederschmerzen und Schüttelfrost wurden beispielsweise in der Subgruppe (Behandlung mit Ibuprofen bzw. Paracetamol) häufiger dokumentiert. Ebenso waren rein von den relativen Werten Patienten mit einer ASS-Behandlung häufiger besser eingestellt, wenn es um ambulante Behandlungen, Notfallbehandlungen, Krankenhauseinweisungen und Facharztüberweisungen ging. Ein signifikanter Unterschied konnte bezüglich der ambulanten Behandlungen und Notfallbehandlungen von Patienten mit einer ASS Behandlung im Vergleich zu Patienten, die mit Paracetamol behandelt wurden, aufgezeigt werden. Die Ergebnisse sind Indizien dafür, dass ASS bei älteren Patienten mit SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, einen milderen Krankheitsverlauf begünstigen kann.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-2625 , 1439-4049
    RVK:
    Language: German
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2020
    In:  Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement Vol. 25, No. 03 ( 2020-06), p. 170-178
    In: Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 25, No. 03 ( 2020-06), p. 170-178
    Abstract: Aim This research aims to compare the efficacy and direct costs of short-acting oral antipsychotics and aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) in the context of the treatment of patients with schizophrenia based on real-world data in Germany. Method Results are based on a single-armed, retrospective, non-interventional pre-post comparison study evaluating data from 132 patients with schizophrenia before and after switching from oral antipsychotics to AOM treatment (6 months each). Socio-demographics, as well as parameters of indication, efficacy and resource consumption were analyzed and statistically evaluated. Results The switch from an oral antipsychotic medication to AOM led to a distinct improvement in all clinically relevant parameters, including a reduction in hospitalization rates (55.1 % vs. 14.0 %), length of stay (43.5 d vs. 34.8 d) and percentage of patients with multiple hospitalizations (13.6 % vs. 3.8 %). There was also a reduction in schizophrenic episodes for patients with ≥ 1 episode (2.9 vs. 1.4) and of the percentage of patients with ≥ 1 (88.0 % vs. 29.3 %) as well as ≥ 2 (60.0 % vs. 8.1 %) schizophrenic episodes. The proportion of patients requiring a visit to day clinics or psychiatric institute outpatient clinics (PIA) decreased (39.5 % vs. 8.4 %) for patients with AOM treatment, as did the average length of stay in day clinics or PIAs (116.8 d vs. 86.4 d) for patients with ≥ 1 stay. The cost saving potential of AOM compared to the treatment with oral antipsychotics ranged between 1,729.32 € and 5,048.53 € per patient for a six-month observation period. Conclusion Our results suggest that AOM treatment of patients with schizophrenia is more effective (reduction in schizophrenic episodes, hospitalizations, stays in day clinics, psychiatrist visits, losses in productivity) and generates lower costs for the statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany than treatment with oral antipsychotics and should therefore not be regarded as only a last-resort treatment option for schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-2625 , 1439-4049
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Wound Care, Mark Allen Group, Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2020-10-02), p. 543-551
    Abstract: A common and frequent complication of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which can have high treatment costs and severe adverse events. This study aims to evaluate the effects of wound duration on wound healing and the impact on costs, including treatment with a new sucrose octasulfate dressing compared with a control dressing. Method: Based on the Explorer study (a two-armed randomised double-blind clinical trial), a cost-effectiveness analysis compared four different patient groups distinguished by their wound duration and additionally two DFU treatment options: a sucrose octasulfate dressing and a neutral dressing (as control). Clinical outcomes and total direct costs of wound dressings were evaluated over 20 weeks from the perspective of the Social Health Insurance in Germany. Simulation of long-term outcomes and costs were demonstrated by a five cycle Markov model. Results: The results show total wound healing rates between 71% and 14.8%, and direct treatment costs for DFU in the range of €2482–3278 (sucrose octasulfate dressing) and €2768–3194 (control dressing). Patients with a wound duration of ≤2 months revealed the highest wound healing rates for both the sucrose octasulfate dressing and control dressing (71% and 41%, respectively) and had the lowest direct treatment costs of €2482 and €2768, respectively. The 100-week Markov model amplified the results. Patients with ≤2 months' wound duration achieved wound healing rates of 98% and 88%, respectively and costs of €3450 and €6054, respectively (CE=€3520, €6864). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the dressing changes per week were the most significant uncertainty factor. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, early treatment of DFU with a sucrose octasulfate dressing is recommended from a health economic view due to lower treatment costs, greater cost-effectiveness and higher wound healing rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0969-0700 , 2052-2916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Mark Allen Group
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Health Services Research Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    In: BMC Health Services Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Rare diseases are difficult to diagnose. Due to their rarity, heterogeneity, and variability, rare diseases often result not only in extensive diagnostic tests and imaging studies, but also in unnecessary repetitions of examinations, which places a greater overall burden on the healthcare system. Diagnostic decision support systems (DDSS) optimized by rare disease experts and used early by primary care physicians and specialists are able to significantly shorten diagnostic processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate reductions in diagnostic costs incurred in rare disease cases brought about by rapid referral to an expert and diagnostic decision support systems. Methods Retrospectively, diagnostic costs from disease onset to diagnosis were analyzed in 78 patient cases from the outpatient clinic for rare inflammatory systemic diseases at Hannover Medical School. From the onset of the first symptoms, all diagnostic measures related to the disease were taken from the patient files and documented for each day. The basis for the health economic calculations was the Einheitlicher Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM) used in Germany for statutory health insurance, which assigns a fixed flat rate to the various medical services. For 76 cases we also calculated the cost savings that would have been achieved by the diagnosis support system Ada DX applied by an expert. Results The expert was able to achieve significant savings for patients with long courses of disease. On average, the expert needed only 27 % of the total costs incurred in the individual treatment odysseys to make the correct diagnosis. The expert also needed significantly less time and avoided unnecessary examination repetitions. If a DDSS had been applied early in the 76 cases studied, only 51–68 % of the total costs would have incurred and the diagnosis would have been made earlier. Earlier diagnosis would have significantly reduced costs. Conclusion The study showed that significant savings in the diagnostic process of rare diseases can be achieved through rapid referral to an expert and the use of DDSS. Faster diagnosis not only achieves savings, but also enables the right therapy and thus an increase in the quality of life for patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6963
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050434-2
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  • 9
    In: Allergy, Wiley, Vol. 77, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 966-978
    Abstract: Contact sensitizers may interfere with correct protein folding. Generation of un‐/misfolded proteins can activate the IRE‐1 or PERK signaling pathways initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and thereby determine inflammatory immune responses. We have analyzed the effect of sensitizers with different potencies on the induction of UPR activation/inhibition and the subsequent generation of a pro‐inflammatory micromilieu in vitro as well as the effect of UPR modulation on the inflammatory response in the murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in vivo. Methods Semi‐quantitative and quantitative PCR, fluorescence microscopy, ELISA, NF‐κB activation and translocation assays, DC/keratinocyte co‐culture assay, FACS, and in vivo CHS experiments were performed. Results Sensitizers and irritants activate IRE‐1 and PERK in murine and human keratinocytes. Synergistic effects occur after combination of different weak sensitizers / addition of irritants. Moreover, tolerogenic dinitrothiocyanobenzene can be converted into a strong sensitizer by pre‐activation of the UPR. Blocking UPR signaling results in decreased NF‐κB activation and cytokine production in keratinocytes and in activation marker downregulation in a HaCaT/THP‐1 co‐culture. Interestingly, not only s ystemic but also topical application of UPR inhibitors abrogates CHS responses in vivo. Conclusion These observations highlight an important role of the UPR in determination of the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo further underlining the importance of tissue stress and damage responses in the development of ACD and provide mechanistically based concepts as a basis for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat allergic contact dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-4538 , 1398-9995
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003114-2
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  • 10
    In: Oncotarget, Impact Journals, LLC, Vol. 7, No. 45 ( 2016-11-08), p. 73486-73496
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1949-2553
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Impact Journals, LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2560162-3
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