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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mineral concentrations in milk from cows fed seaweed (Saccharina latissima) under different basal protein supplementation
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Food Chemistry Vol. 403 ( 2023-03), p. 134315-
    Details
    In: Food Chemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 403 ( 2023-03), p. 134315-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134315
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483647-6
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  • 2
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    Acetaminophen ingestion improves muscle activation and performance during a 3-min all-out cycling test
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 434-442
    Details
    In: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 434-442
    Abstract: Acute acetaminophen (ACT) ingestion has been shown to enhance cycling time-trial performance. The purpose of this study was to assess whether ACT ingestion enhances muscle activation and critical power (CP) during maximal cycling exercise. Sixteen active male participants completed two 3-min all-out tests against a fixed resistance on an electronically braked cycle ergometer 60 min after ingestion of 1 g of ACT or placebo (maltodextrin, PL). CP was estimated as the mean power output over the final 30 s of the test and W′ (the curvature constant of the power–duration relationship) was estimated as the work done above CP. The femoral nerve was stimulated every 30 s to measure membrane excitability (M-wave) and surface electromyography (EMG RMS ) was recorded continuously to infer muscle activation. Compared with PL, ACT ingestion increased CP (ACT: 297 ± 32 W vs. PL: 288 ± 31 W, P 〈 0.001) and total work done (ACT: 66.4 ± 6.5 kJ vs. PL: 65.4 ± 6.4 kJ, P = 0.03) without impacting W′ (ACT: 13.1 ± 2.9 kJ vs. PL: 13.6 ± 2.4 kJ, P = 0.19) or the M-wave amplitude (P = 0.66) during the 3-min all-out cycling test. Normalised EMG RMS amplitude declined throughout the 3-min protocol in both PL and ACT conditions; however, the decline in EMG RMS amplitude was attenuated in the ACT condition, such that the EMG RMS amplitude was greater in ACT compared with PL over the last 60 s of the test (P = 0.04). These findings indicate that acute ACT ingestion might increase performance and CP during maximal cycling exercise by enhancing muscle activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1715-5312 , 1715-5320
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0506
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
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    Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
    MyJove Corporation ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Visualized Experiments , No. 173 ( 2021-07-29)
    Details
    In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, MyJove Corporation, , No. 173 ( 2021-07-29)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-087X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3791/62427
    Language: English
    Publisher: MyJove Corporation
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2259946-0
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Muscle metabolic responses during high-intensity intermittent exercise measured by 31 P-MRS: relationship to the critical power concept
    American Physiological Society ; 2013
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 305, No. 9 ( 2013-11-01), p. R1085-R1092
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 305, No. 9 ( 2013-11-01), p. R1085-R1092
    Abstract: We investigated the responses of intramuscular phosphate-linked metabolites and pH (as assessed by 31 P-MRS) during intermittent high-intensity exercise protocols performed with different recovery-interval durations. Following estimation of the parameters of the power-duration relationship, i.e., the critical power ( CP) and curvature constant ( W′), for severe-intensity constant-power exercise, nine male subjects completed three intermittent exercise protocols to exhaustion where periods of high-intensity constant-power exercise (60 s) were separated by different durations of passive recovery (18 s, 30 s and 48 s). The tolerable duration of exercise was 304 ± 68 s, 516 ± 142 s, and 847 ± 240 s for the 18-s, 30-s, and 48-s recovery protocols, respectively ( P 〈 0.05). The work done 〉 CP ( W 〉 CP ) was significantly greater for all intermittent protocols compared with the subjects' W′, and this difference became progressively greater as recovery-interval duration was increased. The restoration of intramuscular phosphocreatine concentration during recovery was greatest, intermediate, and least for 48 s, 30 s, and 18 s of recovery, respectively ( P 〈 0.05). The W 〉 CP in excess of W′ increased with greater durations of recovery, and this was correlated with the mean magnitude of muscle phosphocreatine reconstitution between work intervals ( r = 0.61; P 〈 0.01). The results of this study show that during intermittent high-intensity exercise, recovery intervals allow intramuscular homeostasis to be restored, with the degree of restoration being related to the duration of the recovery interval. Consequently, and consistent with the intermittent CP model, the ability to perform W 〉 CP during intermittent high-intensity exercise and, therefore, exercise tolerance, increases when recovery-interval duration is extended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00406.2013
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Contralateral fatigue during severe-intensity single-leg exercise: influence of acute acetaminophen ingestion
    American Physiological Society ; 2019
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 317, No. 2 ( 2019-08-01), p. R346-R354
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 317, No. 2 ( 2019-08-01), p. R346-R354
    Abstract: Exhaustive single-leg exercise has been suggested to reduce time to task failure (T lim ) during subsequent exercise in the contralateral leg by exacerbating central fatigue development. We investigated the influence of acetaminophen (ACT), an analgesic that may blunt central fatigue development, on T lim during single-leg exercise completed with and without prior fatiguing exercise of the contralateral leg. Fourteen recreationally active men performed single-leg severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise to T lim on the left (Leg 1 ) and right (Leg 2 ) legs without prior contralateral fatigue and on Leg 2 immediately following Leg 1 (Leg 2-CONTRA ). The tests were completed following ingestion of 1-g ACT or maltodextrin [placebo (PL)] capsules. Intramuscular phosphorus-containing metabolites and substrates and muscle activation were assessed using 31 P-MRS and electromyography, respectively. T lim was not different between Leg 1ACT and Leg 1PL conditions (402 ± 101 vs. 390 ± 106 s, P = 0.11). There was also no difference in T lim between Leg 2ACT-CONTRA and Leg 2PL-CONTRA (324 ± 85 vs. 311 ± 92 s, P = 0.10), but T lim was shorter in Leg 2ACT-CONTRA and Leg 2PL-CONTRA than in Leg 2CON (385 ± 104 s, both P 〈 0.05). There were no differences in intramuscular phosphorus-containing metabolites and substrates or muscle activation between Leg 1ACT and Leg 1PL and between Leg 2ACT-CONTRA and Leg 2PL-CONTRA (all P 〉 0.05). These findings suggest that levels of metabolic perturbation and muscle activation at T lim are not different during single-leg severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise completed with or without prior fatiguing exercise of the contralateral leg. Despite contralateral fatigue, ACT ingestion did not alter neuromuscular responses, muscle metabolites, or exercise performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00084.2019
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Optimizing the “priming” effect: influence of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration on O 2 uptake kinetics and severe-intensity exercise tolerance
    American Physiological Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 107, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. 1743-1756
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 107, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. 1743-1756
    Abstract: It has been suggested that a prior bout of high-intensity exercise has the potential to enhance performance during subsequent high-intensity exercise by accelerating the O 2 uptake (V̇o 2 ) on-response. However, the optimal combination of prior exercise intensity and subsequent recovery duration required to elicit this effect is presently unclear. Eight male participants, aged 18–24 yr, completed step cycle ergometer exercise tests to 80% of the difference between the preestablished gas exchange threshold and maximal V̇o 2 (i.e., 80%Δ) after no prior exercise (control) and after six different combinations of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration: 40%Δ with 3 min (40-3-80), 9 min (40-9-80), and 20 min (40-20-80) of recovery and 70%Δ with 3 min (70-3-80), 9 min (70-9-80), and 20 min (70-20-80) of recovery. Overall V̇o 2 kinetics were accelerated relative to control in all conditions except for 40-9-80 and 40-20-80 conditions as a consequence of a reduction in the V̇o 2 slow component amplitude; the phase II time constant was not significantly altered with any prior exercise/recovery combination. Exercise tolerance at 80%Δ was improved by 15% and 30% above control in the 70-9-80 and 70-20-80 conditions, respectively, but was impaired by 16% in the 70-3-80 condition. Prior exercise at 40%Δ did not significantly influence exercise tolerance regardless of the recovery duration. These data demonstrate that prior high-intensity exercise (∼70%Δ) can enhance the tolerance to subsequent high-intensity exercise provided that it is coupled with adequate recovery duration (≥9 min). This combination presumably optimizes the balance between preserving the effects of prior exercise on V̇o 2 kinetics and providing sufficient time for muscle homeostasis (e.g., muscle phosphocreatine and H + concentrations) to be restored.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00810.2009
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Influence of intermittent hypoxic training on muscle energetics and exercise tolerance
    American Physiological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 114, No. 5 ( 2013-03-01), p. 611-619
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 114, No. 5 ( 2013-03-01), p. 611-619
    Abstract: Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) is sometimes used by athletes to enhance nonhematological physiological adaptations to simulated altitude. We investigated whether IHT would result in greater improvements in muscle energetics and exercise tolerance compared with work-matched intermittent normoxic training (INT). Nine physically active men completed 3 wk of intensive, single-leg knee-extensor exercise training. Each training session consisted of 25 min of IHT (Fi O 2 14.5 ± 0.1%) with the experimental leg and 25 min of INT with the alternate leg, which served as a control. Before and after the training intervention, subjects completed a test protocol consisting of a bout of submaximal constant-work-rate exercise, a 24-s high-intensity exercise bout to quantify the phosphocreatine recovery time constant ([PCr]-τ), and an incremental test to the limit of tolerance. The tests were completed in normoxia and hypoxia in both INT and IHT legs. Muscle metabolism was assessed noninvasively using 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Improvements in the time-to-exhaustion during incremental exercise were not significantly different between training conditions either in normoxia (INT, 28 ± 20% vs. IHT, 25 ± 9%; P = 0.86) or hypoxia (INT, 21 ± 10% vs. IHT, 15 ± 11%; P = 0.29). In hypoxia, [PCr]-τ was speeded slightly but significantly more post-IHT compared with post-INT (−7.3 ± 2.9 s vs. −3.7 ± 1.7 s; P 〈 0.01), but changes in muscle metabolite concentrations during exercise were essentially not different between IHT and INT. Under the conditions of this investigation, IHT does not appreciably alter muscle metabolic responses or incremental exercise performance compared with INT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2012
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
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    Muscle fiber recruitment and the slow component of O 2 uptake: constant work rate vs. all-out sprint exercise
    American Physiological Society ; 2011
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 300, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. R700-R707
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 300, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. R700-R707
    Abstract: The slow component of pulmonary O 2 uptake (V̇o 2 ) during constant work rate (CWR) high-intensity exercise has been attributed to the progressive recruitment of (type II) muscle fibers. We tested the following hypotheses: 1) the V̇o 2 slow component gain would be greater in a 3-min all-out cycle test than in a work-matched CWR test, and 2) the all-out test would be associated with a progressive decline, and the CWR test with a progressive increase, in muscle activation, as estimated from the electromyogram (EMG) of the vastus lateralis muscle. Eight men (aged 21–39 yr) completed a ramp incremental test, a 3-min all-out test, and a work- and time-matched CWR test to exhaustion. The maximum V̇o 2 attained in an initial ramp incremental test (3.97 ± 0.83 l/min) was reached in both experimental tests (3.99 ± 0.84 and 4.03 ± 0.76 l/min for all-out and CWR, respectively). The V̇o 2 slow component was greater ( P 〈 0.05) in the all-out test (1.21 ± 0.31 l/min, 4.2 ± 2.2 ml·min −1 ·W −1 ) than in the CWR test (0.59 ± 0.22 l/min, 1.70 ± 0.5 ml·min −1 ·W −1 ). The integrated EMG declined by 26% ( P 〈 0.001) during the all-out test and increased by 60% ( P 〈 0.05) during the CWR test from the first 30 s to the last 30 s of exercise. The considerable reduction in muscle efficiency in the all-out test in the face of a progressively falling integrated EMG indicates that progressive fiber recruitment is not requisite for development of the V̇o 2 slow component during voluntary exercise in humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00761.2010
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O 2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans
    American Physiological Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 107, No. 4 ( 2009-10), p. 1144-1155
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 107, No. 4 ( 2009-10), p. 1144-1155
    Abstract: Pharmacological sodium nitrate supplementation has been reported to reduce the O 2 cost of submaximal exercise in humans. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate in the form of beetroot juice (BR) would reduce the O 2 cost of submaximal exercise and enhance the tolerance to high-intensity exercise. In a double-blind, placebo (PL)-controlled, crossover study, eight men (aged 19–38 yr) consumed 500 ml/day of either BR (containing 11.2 ± 0.6 mM of nitrate) or blackcurrant cordial (as a PL, with negligible nitrate content) for 6 consecutive days and completed a series of “step” moderate-intensity and severe-intensity exercise tests on the last 3 days. On days 4–6, plasma nitrite concentration was significantly greater following dietary nitrate supplementation compared with PL (BR: 273 ± 44 vs. PL: 140 ± 50 nM; P 〈 0.05), and systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (BR: 124 ± 2 vs. PL: 132 ± 5 mmHg; P 〈 0.01). During moderate exercise, nitrate supplementation reduced muscle fractional O 2 extraction (as estimated using near-infrared spectroscopy). The gain of the increase in pulmonary O 2 uptake following the onset of moderate exercise was reduced by 19% in the BR condition (BR: 8.6 ± 0.7 vs. PL: 10.8 ± 1.6 ml·min −1 ·W −1 ; P 〈 0.05). During severe exercise, the O 2 uptake slow component was reduced (BR: 0.57 ± 0.20 vs. PL: 0.74 ± 0.24 l/min; P 〈 0.05), and the time-to-exhaustion was extended (BR: 675 ± 203 vs. PL: 583 ± 145 s; P 〈 0.05). The reduced O 2 cost of exercise following increased dietary nitrate intake has important implications for our understanding of the factors that regulate mitochondrial respiration and muscle contractile energetics in humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Acute l -arginine supplementation reduces the O 2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise and enhances high-intensity exercise tolerance
    American Physiological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 109, No. 5 ( 2010-11), p. 1394-1403
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 109, No. 5 ( 2010-11), p. 1394-1403
    Abstract: It has recently been reported that dietary nitrate (NO 3 − ) supplementation, which increases plasma nitrite (NO 2 − ) concentration, a biomarker of nitric oxide (NO) availability, improves exercise efficiency and exercise tolerance in healthy humans. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with l-arginine, the substrate for NO synthase (NOS), would elicit similar responses. In a double-blind, crossover study, nine healthy men (aged 19–38 yr) consumed 500 ml of a beverage containing 6 g of l-arginine (Arg) or a placebo beverage (PL) and completed a series of “step” moderate- and severe-intensity exercise bouts 1 h after ingestion of the beverage. Plasma NO 2 − concentration was significantly greater in the Arg than the PL group (331 ± 198 vs. 159 ± 102 nM, P 〈 0.05) and systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (123 ± 3 vs. 131 ± 5 mmHg, P 〈 0.01). The steady-state O 2 uptake (V̇o 2 ) during moderate-intensity exercise was reduced by 7% in the Arg group (1.48 ± 0.12 vs. 1.59 ± 0.14 l/min, P 〈 0.05). During severe-intensity exercise, the V̇o 2 slow component amplitude was reduced (0.58 ± 0.23 and 0.76 ± 0.29 l/min in Arg and PL, respectively, P 〈 0.05) and the time to exhaustion was extended (707 ± 232 and 562 ± 145 s in Arg and PL, respectively, P 〈 0.05) following consumption of Arg. In conclusion, similar to the effects of increased dietary NO 3 − intake, elevating NO bioavailability through dietary l-Arg supplementation reduced the O 2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise and blunted the V̇o 2 slow component and extended the time to exhaustion during severe-intensity exercise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00503.2010
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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