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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate the Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Selected Regions of the Russian Federation: Relevance, Design of the Study and Initial Characteristics of the Participants
    Silicea - Poligraf ; 2020
    In:  Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2020-03-02), p. 24-32
    Details
    In: Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology, Silicea - Poligraf, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2020-03-02), p. 24-32
    Abstract: Aim. To study the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the characteristics of the clinical features and treatment of the disease in selected regions of the Russian Federation, this article describes the design and initial characteristics of patients included in the study. Material and methods. The study participants were selected among those included in the study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF) in different regions of the Russian Federation. The study included individuals with lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels 〉 4.9 mmol/l or LDL-C levels 〉 1.8 mmol/l, but ≤4.9 mmol/l during statin therapy, according to the data obtained in the ESSE-RF study. These persons are invited for examination and questioning by experts in the field of FH diagnostics. On the basis of the survey data and provided medical documentation, the following information is collected: age, sex, smoking status, presence of hypertension, history of coronary artery disease, stroke, atherosclerosis of cerebral and peripheral arteries, LDL-C level, type, volume and duration of lipid-lowering therapy throughout life, presence and dates of secondary causes of hyperlipidemia, information about the family history of development of early cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerotic diseases, increased levels of LDL-C in relatives of the 1st and 2nd degree of kinship. All patients are examined for the presence of tendon xanthomas (Achilles, metacarpal, elbow, knee tendons) and Corneal arcus. During the visit, blood is taken for subsequent biobanking, measurement of current blood lipid levels, elimination of secondary forms of hypercholesterolemia (for subsequent determination of liver enzymes, thyroid stimulating hormone) and genetic testing. The diagnosis of FH is based on Dutch Lipid Clinical Network Criteria (DLCN). Besides, all participants in the study are tested for compliance with the diagnosis of FH according to Simon Broome criteria. All patients with a definite or probable diagnosis of FH according to DLCN or Simon Broome criteria are subjected to ultrasound examination of carotid, femoral arteries and heart and molecular genetic testing for LDLR , APOB and PCSK9 gene variants. Results. Out of 16 360 participants of the ESSE-RF study in 10 regions, 1787 people (10,9%) met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Among them, men accounted for 35.4%, of which 1150 (7%) patients had a LDL-C level 〉 4.9 mmol/l and 637 (3,9%) had a LDL-C level from 1,81 mmol/l to 4.9 mmol/l during lipid-lowering therapy. When compared to the original cohorts of participants from the 10 regions as compared to 3 previously surveyed regions and selected sub-groups within these cohorts we observed significant differences in several parameters such as age, total cholesterol level, triglycerides, LDL-C, the frequency of cardiovascular diseases, that may indicate regional differences in FH prevalence. Conclusion. The analysis of clinical data of the participants of the ESSE-RF study shows that more than 10% of individuals require an additional examination to verify the FH diagnosis, and regional differences in the FH prevalence are possible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2225-3653 , 1819-6446
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-02-17
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2750390-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correlation of excess salt intake identified by the survey with urine sodium level and blood pressure: data of ESSE-RF study
    Silicea - Poligraf, LLC ; 2020
    In:  Russian Journal of Cardiology Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2020-07-11), p. 3791-
    Details
    In: Russian Journal of Cardiology, Silicea - Poligraf, LLC, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2020-07-11), p. 3791-
    Abstract: Aim . To study the association of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HTN) with salt intake estimated by the survey and the urinary Na+ concentration among men and women 25-64 years old, examined within the ESSE-RF and ESSE-RF-2 studies. Material and methods . Representative samples of the Russian population aged 25-64 years were examined. At the first phase in 2012-2014, 21,888 people (men — 38,2%) were included, and at the second phase in 2017 — 6,714 people (men — 44,7%). The response rate was 80%. We used standard questionnaire. Adding more salt and the consumption of salted foods (sausages, deli meats, and pickled foods) in the criteria “daily or almost daily” was considered excess salt intake (ESI). BP measurement was carried out in a sitting position on the right hand. BP was measured twice with an interval of about 2-3 minutes. HTN was diagnosed at a systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or in case of antihypertensive therapy. In ESSE-RF-2, an analysis of the morning urine was additionally performed. Na+ was determined using the EX-Ds ion-selective electrolyte analyzer. All participants were stratified by the quintiles of urine sodium level. Data analysis was performed using the software package R 3.6.1. The models of linear and logistic regression were used. The differences were considered at p 〈 0,05. Results . The average level of SBP significantly increases with an increase in Na + in urine: 1,04 (0,60-1,48) mm Hg for the quintile of sodium distribution (p 〈 0,001), the odds of HTN increases by 1,11 (1,05-1,17) times for the quintile (p 〈 0,001). Questionnaire components of ESI are also significantly related to urinary Na + levels. The consumption of sausages and deli meats has the greatest effect, causing an increase in the average Na + level by 11,59 (7,06-16,12) mmol/l (p 〈 0,001). The applied point scale is significantly related to urine sodium level and predicts HTN no worse than Na + in the urine (p=0,15 for the difference hypothesis). One point on the scale increases the Na+ level by an average of 7,51 (5,01-10,02) mmol/l, SBP by an average of 0,74 (0,41-1,07) mm Hg and the odds of HTN by 1,1 (1,06-1,15) times (p 〈 0,001 for all). Conclusion . In the pattern of ESI components, processed meat and sausage products take first place in terms of association strength with urine sodium. The questionnaire used to assess the proportion of people with ESI can be recommended for assessing this risk factor during screening. ESI detected by the questionnaire is associated with elevated BP and urinary Na + values.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2618-7620 , 1560-4071
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-6
    DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3791
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf, LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Modern Benchmark for Assessing Lipid Metabolism Disorders
    Silicea - Poligraf ; 2022
    In:  Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2022-09-07), p. 366-375
    Details
    In: Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology, Silicea - Poligraf, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2022-09-07), p. 366-375
    Abstract: Aim . To perform a population analysis of Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol level (non-HDL-c) in Russian population and to evaluate its association with cardiovascular events. Material and Methods . The material consisted of results obtained from 11 regions of the ESSE-RF1 Study and from 4 regions of the ESSE-RF2 Study. Study protocols were identical. The studies were performed in 2012-2014 and 2017, respectively. Endpoints were assessed in 19041 people aged 35-64 years. The median follow-up was 6.5 years in ESSE RF (1) and 3.8 years in ESSE RF(2). Analysis was performed for three lipid variables: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDLC in two samples: the general population sample and the same sample without individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke history and not taking statins (the population sample of "without a history of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]". The analysis of nonlinear associations was performed using the generalized additive Cox model. The combined cardiovascular endpoint was represented by cardiovascular death and nonfatal MI and stroke. Traditional and laboratory FRs, socio-demographic parameters were analyzed. The significance level f or all tested hypotheses was set to be 0.05. Results . The prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C level ( 〉 3.7 mmol/l) was found to be 74.6%. No gender differences were found: there was 74.6% for men and 74.5% for women. Both mean values and prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C were increased with age in women, and its level was slightly decreased in men after 55 years old. Almost all analyzed RFs were significantly associated with elevated non-HDL-C in these two population samples. In both samples elevated total CH and elevated LDL-C were associated with all-cause mortality after correction for all RFs. On the contrary, the non-HDL-C was associated with CVD combined end pints. It has been shown that the risk of these end points increases uniformly with increase in levels of non HDL cholesterol, no nonlinear associations were found. Conclusion . The results of a population-based analysis of non-HDL-C performed in the Russian population for the first time confirmed that elevated non-HDL-C levels contribute significantly to determining the risk of cardiovascular events in the medium term. It can be assumed that the new risk scales (SCORE2 and SCORE OP) proposed by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Preventive Cardiology, which include non-HDL C instead of TC, will allow adequate assessment of 10-year cardiovascular risk for Russians. However, continued monitoring of endpoints in order to obtain stable associations is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2225-3653 , 1819-6446
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2022-07-01
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2750390-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The ESSE-RF2 epidemiological study in the Omsk Region: organization issues and the population's response
    Media Sphere Publishing Group ; 2019
    In:  Profilakticheskaya meditsina Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2019), p. 85-
    Details
    In: Profilakticheskaya meditsina, Media Sphere Publishing Group, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2019), p. 85-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-4948
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17116/profmed20192205185
    Language: Russian
    Publisher: Media Sphere Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Algorithms for adult outpatient care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its Assumption
    Silicea - Poligraf, LLC ; 2021
    In:  Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2021-07-17), p. 2916-
    Details
    In: Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention, Silicea - Poligraf, LLC, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2021-07-17), p. 2916-
    Abstract: The paper presents algorithms for adult outpatient care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its assumption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2619-0125 , 1728-8800
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2916
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf, LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3032202-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glomerular Filtration Rate, its Association with Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases. The Results of the ESSE-RF-2 Study
    Silicea - Poligraf ; 2020
    In:  Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2020-05-02), p. 240-249
    Details
    In: Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology, Silicea - Poligraf, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2020-05-02), p. 240-249
    Abstract: Aim . To study the influence of social determinants on the frequency of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories of various levels, as well as associations with a number of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors among the population of four Russian regions included in the ESSE-RF-2. Material and methods . The study was performed as part of a multicenter epidemiological study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation. The second study (ESSE-RF-2)”. In total, 6681 people 25-64 years old from 4 regions of Russian Federation were included in the analysis. The CKD-EPI formula was used to calculate GFR by blood creatinine level. Groups with normal GFR (≥90 ml/min/1.73 m²), with an initial decrease in GFR ( 〈 90 ml/min/1.73 m²), and with a decrease in GFR ( 〈 60 ml/min/1.73 m²) were distinguished for statistical analysis. Generalized linear/nonlinear analysis (GLM) was used for multivariate assessment and adjustment of results to socio-demographic characteristics. Results . The average GFR level in the total sample was 97.8±16.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 ; 29.0% of individuals had an initial decrease in GFR, 1.6% had a reduced GFR. Age was significantly associated with GFR. A statistically significant association with an initial decrease in GFR was found for: hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.22; 95% clearance interval [95%CI] 1.14-1.30), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.09; 95%CI 1.02-1.17), hyperuricemia (OR 1.51; 95%CI 1.39-1.63), no smoking (OR 0.79; 95%CI 0.73-0.85), history of kidney disease (OR 1.13; 95%CI 1.04-1.22). A more pronounced decrease in GFR was associated with the following factors and diseases: arterial hypertension (OR 1.48; 95%CI 1.07-2.05), low level of high-density lipoproteins (OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.04-1.79), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.37; 95%CI 1.08-1.76), hyperuricemia (OR 2.49; 95%CI 1.97-3.16), hyperglycemia (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.01-1.80), a history of myocardial infarction (OR 1.63; 95%CI 1.13-2.36) and kidney disease (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.16-1.93). Conclusion . The results of the study indicate a greater number of factors and diseases associated with low GFR compared with the initial decrease, which emphasizes the need for early detection of signs of chronic kidney disease, especially in the elderly, in people with metabolic syndrome, hypertension or diabetes mellitus, as well as a history of kidney disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2225-3653 , 1819-6446
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-04-09
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2750390-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Russian Federation (Data of Observational ESSERF-2 Study)
    Silicea - Poligraf ; 2019
    In:  Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2019-09-02), p. 450-466
    Details
    In: Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology, Silicea - Poligraf, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2019-09-02), p. 450-466
    Abstract: Participants of the study ESSE-RF-2 and co-authors:  Moscow:  Konstantinov V. V., Pokrovskaya M.S., Efimova I.A., Sivakova O.V.;  Krasnodar:  Alekseenko S.N., Gubarev S.V.;  О msk:  Livzan M.A., Grishechkina I.A., Rozhkova M.Yu.; Republic of Karelia:  Vezikova N.N., Skopec I. S.;  Ryazan:  Filippov E.V., Dobrynina N.V., Nikulina N.N., Pereverzeva K.G., Moseychuk K.A. Aim.  Evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among people aged 25-64 examined in 4 regions of the Russian Federation.   Material and methods.  Study materials were the representative selections of non-organized male (n=3000) and female (n=3714) inhabitants of aged 25-64 from 4 regions of the Russian Federation (Krasnodar region, Omsk region, Ryazan region, the Republic of Karelia), response rate 〉 80%. Systematic stratified multilevel random election was formed with locality criteria (Kisch method). All the participants were interviewed using the standard questionnaire. The universal epidemiological methods and evaluation criteria were used. The study was approved by the local ethics Committee of National research center for preventive medicine. Participants signed informed consent. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg and/or average diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive therapy (AHT). The efficacy of treatment was the achievement of the target BP. Control group – patients with BP 〈 140/90 mmHg.   Results.  Mean SBP and DBP were 128.7±0,3 mmHg and 82.8±0.1 mmHg, respectively, higher BP was detected among male (p 〈 0,001). The prevalence of hypertension was 44.2% that was higher among males than females (49.1% vs 39.9%, р˂0.0005), the highest hypertension frequency was in the Ryazan region. The awareness of hypertension was higher among females than in males 76.8% vs 69.4%. There were more persons with hypertension grade 1 among those, who were not aware of the hypertension. Medications were taken by 65.5% of females and 41.8% of males. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were received by 49.9% of patients, angiotensin II receptor antagonists by 30.9%, beta blockers – 29.5%, diuretics – 22.7%, calcium antagonists – 15.7%, centrally acting drugs – 3.3%, others – 0.2%. The lack of AHT intake was negatively associated with age, ischemic heart disease, urban life and hypo-HDL especially among males. Heart rate 〉 80 per min in females increased by 1.7 times the probability of absence of AHT. The prevalence of effectively treated was 49.7% of the participants with hypertension. The associations between ineffective treatment and abdominal obesity, ischemic heart disease (males), age, rural type of settlement, obesity (females) were found. Only 24.9% of patients had control of the hypertension. Conclusion.  The prevalence of hypertension in Russian Federation remains high. An important task of the medical community is to identify the disease at an earlier stage of its development, before the appearance of complications. This approach can reduce the period from the onset of high blood pressure to a visit to the doctor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2225-3653 , 1819-6446
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-4
    DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-4-450-466
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2750390-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Community-acquired pneumonia in HIV patients
    LLC "Medical Knowledge and Technologies" ; 2021
    In:  Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Vol. 99, No. 4 ( 2021-05-15), p. 22-28
    Details
    In: Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, LLC "Medical Knowledge and Technologies", Vol. 99, No. 4 ( 2021-05-15), p. 22-28
    Abstract: The objective : to study the frequency and nature of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in HIV patients. Subjects and methods : The continuous longitudinal retrospective study of all cases of respiratory diseases among HIV patients (n = 185), who received in-patient treatment in the therapy department. Results . CAP was diagnosed in 38.4% (n = 71) of patients and it was the most frequent respiratory disease among HIV patients. The median CD4 count in CAP made 197.5 cells/μL, 9.1% of patients received antiretroviral therapy before hospital admission. 74.7% of CAP patients (n = 53) had lesions disseminated to several lobes. Laboratory parameters revealed in severe CAP (leukocytosis  〉  12 × 109/L, leukopenia  〈  4.0 × 109/L and thrombocytopenia  〈  100 × 1012/L) were associated with the degree of immunodeficiency and did not depend on the infiltration dissemination (p  〉  0.05). Bacteremia in CAP was detected in 20.8% of patients and it was associated with the failure of standard empiric antibiotic therapy (p  〈  0.05). 9.9% of CAP patients (n = 7) were diagnosed with polymicrobial infection. Lethal outcomes of CAP were recorded in 5.6% of cases (n = 4), all with severe immunosuppression (the median of CD4 count was 5 cells/μL), 2 cases had bilateral subtotal CAP and 2 suffered from polymicrobial infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2542-1506 , 2075-1230
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-4-22-28
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: LLC "Medical Knowledge and Technologies"
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cardiovascular pathology in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    Remedium, Ltd. ; 2021
    In:  Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council , No. 14 ( 2021-10-18), p. 142-148
    Details
    In: Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, Remedium, Ltd., , No. 14 ( 2021-10-18), p. 142-148
    Abstract: Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure) are among the comorbid conditions that mutually aggravate each other. The addition of tuberculosis in this category of patients requires additional efforts from the doctor to improve treatment outcomes. Purpose. Тo assess the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis hospitalized in an anti-tuberculosis hospital. Materials and methods. We examined 462 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, hospitalized in a tuberculosis dispensary, aged 17 to 88 years, the median (Me (P25; 75) age was 43.68 (32.00; 54.00) years, including 266 men (57.6%) and 196 women (42.4%) All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination to establish or confirm the diagnosis. Results. The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis was 31.4%, with arterial hypertension – 12.1%, coronary heart disease – 6.1%, chronic heart failure – 6.1%. The incidence of cardiovascular pathology in the group of tuberculosis + chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 40%, in the group of tuberculosis without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6%. Conclusions. The prevalence of comorbid cardiovascular pathology in patients with tuberculosis + chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is significantly higher than among patients with only tuberculosis, which requires the involvement of doctors of various specialties to manage this category of patients to prevent adverse treatment outcomes, disability and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2658-5790 , 2079-701X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-14-142-148
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Remedium, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among the working-age population: associations with socio-demographic indicators and behavioral risk factors (ESSE RF-2 data)
    Silicea - Poligraf, LLC ; 2022
    In:  Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2022-09-12), p. 3356-
    Details
    In: Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention, Silicea - Poligraf, LLC, Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2022-09-12), p. 3356-
    Abstract: Aim. To assess the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using the liver obesity index — FLI (Fatty Liver Index), and to study its associations with socio-demographic indicators and behavioral risk factors for NAFLD. Material and methods . The data from the multicenter ESSE-RF study (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation) — samples from the unorganized male and female population aged 25-64 years were used. 5,161 respondents were included, of which 2,275 (44,1%) were men. To assess the prevalence of NAFLD, the liver obesity index FLI was used, calculated according to the formula by Bedogni G, et al. (2006). A high FLI index ≥60 was considered a predictor of liver steatosis. Results. High FLI ≥60 was detected in 38,5% of men and 26,6% of women. Multivariate analysis of associations of high FLI index in men and women showed a strong relationship with age: men — odds ratio (OR) 5,01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3,82-6,59 (p 〈 0,0001) and women — OR 8,58, 95% CI: 6,39-11,64 (p 〈 0,0001), living in rural areas: men — OR 1,32, 95% CI: 1,06-1,63 (p=0,011) and women — OR 1,4, 95% CI: 1,15-1,71 (p=0,001). The FLI index ≥60 was significantly associated with low physical activity (p=0,001) in men and current smoking in women (p=0,013). Conclusion . A high FLI index ≥60 is most common among men, significantly associated with age, living in rural areas, currently smoking women, and low physical activity men. Higher education, in relation to FLI ≥60, had a protective effect on women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2619-0125 , 1728-8800
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-9
    DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3356
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Silicea - Poligraf, LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3032202-9
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