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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abdominal Obesity-Related Disturbance of Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated with CD8+ EMRA Cells in the Elderly
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-04-23), p. 998-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-04-23), p. 998-
    Abstract: Aging and overweight increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of T-EMRA cells and inflammatory markers in the development of a decreased insulin sensitivity. A total of 134 healthy older volunteers were recruited (age 59.2 (SD 5.6) years). T cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, body composition, HOMA-IR, plasma tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, as well as cytokines and adipokines were determined. Using subgroup and covariance analyses, the influence of BMI on the parameters was evaluated. Moreover, correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were performed. In the subgroup of participants with obesity, an increased proportion of CD8+EMRA cells and elevated concentrations of plasma kynurenine (KYN) were found compared to the lower-weight subgroups. Linear regression analysis revealed that an elevated HOMA-IR could be predicted by a higher proportion of CD8+EMRA cells and KYN levels. A mediation analysis showed a robust indirect effect of the Waist-to-hip ratio on HOMA-IR mediated by CD8+EMRA cells. Thus, the deleterious effects of abdominal obesity on glucose metabolism might be mediated by CD8+EMRA cells in the elderly. Longitudinal studies should validate this assumption and analyze the suitability of CD8+EMRA cells as early predictors of incipient prediabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10050998
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Die Bedeutung der Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention in der Metallindustrie: Empirische Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Berufsgruppe Schweißer
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2022
    In:  B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport Vol. 38, No. 01 ( 2022-02), p. 3-11
    Details
    In: B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 38, No. 01 ( 2022-02), p. 3-11
    Abstract: Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten berufsbedingten Erkrankungen in der Metallindustrie. Die Berufsgruppe der Schweißer fällt dort durch hohe Prävalenzen auf. Daher sind Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung dieser Zielgruppe von großem Interesse. Die vorliegende Studienreihe hatte zum Ziel, gesundheitliche Probleme von Schweißern zu analysieren und Möglichkeiten der Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention zu untersuchen. Eine Fragebogenuntersuchung bei 143 Schweißern in 34 Unternehmen der deutschen Industrie ergab, dass die 12-Monats-Prävalenz von unteren Rückenschmerzen 71%, Nackenschmerzen 61% und Schulterschmerzen 55% betrug. Insgesamt 42% der Befragten weisen eine körperliche Freizeitaktivität unter dem von der WHO empfohlenen Umfang auf. Eine niedrige Freizeitaktivität sowie Nackenschmerzen konnten als unabhängige Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten von unteren Rückenschmerzen identifiziert werden. In einem weiteren Studienteil wurden die Auswirkungen eines individualisierten und progressiven 24-wöchigen Ausdauer- oder Krafttrainingsprogramms bei 77 berufstätigen Schweißern untersucht. Es konnten differenzierte Auswirkungen auf arbeitsbedingte Beanspruchungen und auf verschiedene Dimensionen von Gesundheit und Leistung gezeigt werden. Zum Erreichen präventiver Effekte sollten Bewegungsinterventionen mit systematischem, langfristigem und progressivem Charakter ausgewählt werden. Die Erfahrungen aus der Praxis zeigen allerdings auch, dass die Barrieren zur Teilnahme an Bewegungsprogrammen hoch sind und gezielte Maßnahmen zur Motivation und Implementierung geschaffen werden müssen. Neben Maßnahmen der Verhaltensprävention wurden auch verhältnispräventive Aspekte in einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz berücksichtigt. So konnten durch Verwendung eines ergonomisch modifizierten Schweißbrenners bei einer Schweißsimulation die beanspruchte Muskulatur um bis zu 9% entlastet und die Arbeitsqualität gesteigert werden. Insgesamt scheinen Maßnahmen der Verhaltensprävention wie ein systematisches Training sowie der Verhältnisprävention im Sinne der Arbeitsergonomie effektive Strategien in der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung bei Schweißern darzustellen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1613-0863 , 1613-3269
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1055/a-1714-2006
    Language: German
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2022
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-28), p. 622-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-28), p. 622-
    Abstract: With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12030622
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
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    Physical Activity and Mental Health of Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-12), p. 4023-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-12), p. 4023-
    Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of personal restrictions on physical activity, mental health, stress experience, resilience, and sleep quality in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) during the “lockdown” period of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 112 PH patients and 52 age-matched healthy control subjects completed a questionnaire on the topics of physical activity, mental health, resilience, and sleep quality. PH patients had significantly lower physical activity, mental health, and sleep quality compared to age-matched healthy controls. Physical activity positively correlated with mental health and sleep quality in the PH group. Mental wellbeing and life satisfaction could be predicted by total physical activity, sleep, stress level, and resilience. PH patients appeared as an especially vulnerable group, demanding interventions to promote an active lifestyle and protect mental health in these patients. This could be helpful in counseling on how to carry out physical activity while maintaining infection control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
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    The Effects of Physical Activity on the Aging of Circulating Immune Cells in Humans: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Immuno Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 2021-06-24), p. 132-159
    Details
    In: Immuno, MDPI AG, Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 2021-06-24), p. 132-159
    Abstract: Age-induced cellular senescence leads to a decline in efficacy of immune response and an increase in morbidity and mortality. Physical activity may be an intervention to slow down or reverse this process for elderly individuals or even delay it via enhanced activity over their lifespan. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and discuss the current evidence of the effects of physical activity on senescence in leukocyte subpopulations. Two electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science) were scanned in July 2020. Studies performing endurance or resistance exercise programs and investigating leukocytes of healthy, particularly elderly subjects were included. Nine human studies were identified, including a total of 440 participants, of which two studies examined different types of exercise training retrospectively, three conducted resistance exercise, three endurance exercise, and one endurance vs. resistance training. Results revealed that exercise training increased the naïve subsets of peripheral T-helper cells and cytotoxic T-cells, whereas the senescent and effector memory T-cells re-expresses CD45RA (TEMRA) subsets decreased. Moreover, the percentage of T-helper- compared to cytotoxic T-cells increased. The results suggest that physical activity reduces or slows down cellular immunosenescence. Endurance exercise seems to affect cellular senescence in a more positive way than resistance training. However, training contents and sex also influence senescent cells. Explicit mechanisms need to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-5601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3091938-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Exercise and adrenergic regulation of immunity
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Vol. 97 ( 2021-10), p. 303-318
    Details
    In: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Elsevier BV, Vol. 97 ( 2021-10), p. 303-318
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0889-1591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462491-6
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    12-week combined strength and endurance exercise attenuates CD8+ T-cell differentiation and affects the kynurenine pathway in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Immunity & Ageing Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2023-05-09)
    Details
    In: Immunity & Ageing, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2023-05-09)
    Abstract: Age-related accumulation of highly differentiated CD8 + effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) T-cells and disruption of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway are associated with chronic inflammation and the development of insulin resistance. In this study the aim was to investigate the effects of 12-week combined strength and endurance exercise on CD8 + T-cell differentiation and KYN pathway metabolites. Ninety-six elderly subjects (f/m, aged 50—70) were randomized to a control (CON) or exercise (EX) group. The EX group completed combined strength and endurance training twice weekly for one hour each time at an intensity of 60% of the one-repetition maximum for strength exercises and a perceived exertion of 15/20 for endurance exercises. The EX group was also randomly subdivided into two groups with or without a concomitant balanced diet intervention in order to examine additional effects besides exercise alone. Before and after the intervention phase, the proportions of CD8 + T-cell subsets and levels of KYN pathway metabolites in peripheral blood were determined. Results The CD8 + EMRA T-cell subsets increased in the CON group but remained almost unchanged in the EX group ( p  = .02). Plasma levels of kynurenic acid (KA) increased in the EX group and decreased in the CON group ( p  = .03). Concomitant nutritional intervention resulted in lower levels of quinolinic acid (QA) compared with exercise alone ( p  = .03). Overall, there was a slight increase in the QA/KA ratio in the CON group, whereas it decreased in the EX group ( p   〉  .05). Conclusions Combined strength and endurance training seems to be a suitable approach to attenuate CD8 + T-cell differentiation in the elderly and to redirect the KYN pathway towards KA. The clinical relevance of these effects needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-4933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00347-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2168941-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Immunological mechanisms of exercise therapy in dyslipidemia
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-8)
    Abstract: Numerous studies demonstrated the strong link between dyslipidemia and the cardiovascular risk. Physical activity and exercise represent effective prevention and therapy strategies for dyslipidemia and at the same time counteract numerous comorbidities that often accompany the disease. The physiological mechanisms are manifold, and primary mechanisms might be an increased energy consumption and associated adaptations of the substrate metabolism. Recent studies showed that there are bidirectional interactions between dyslipidemia and the immune system. Thus, abnormal blood lipids may favor pro-inflammatory processes, and at the same time inflammatory processes may also promote dyslipidemia. Physical activity has been shown to affect numerous immunological processes and has primarily anti-inflammatory effects. These are manifested by altered leukocyte subtypes, cytokine patterns, stress protein expression, and by reducing hallmarks of immunosenescence. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of exercise on the treatment dyslipidemia and to discuss possible immunological mechanisms against the background of the current literature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903713
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Neurophysiological Markers for Monitoring Exercise and Recovery Cycles in Endurance Sports
    Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Abstract: The current study analyzes the suitability and reliability of selected neurophysiological and vegetative nervous system markers as biomarkers for exercise and recovery in endurance sport. Sixty-two healthy men and women, endurance trained and moderately trained, performed two identical acute endurance tests (running trial 1 and running trial 2) followed by a washout period of four weeks. Exercise protocol consisted of an acute running trial lasting 60 minutes. An intensity corresponding to 95% of the heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold for 40 minutes was followed by 20 minutes at 110%. At pre-exercise, post-exercise, three hours post-exercise and 24 hours post-exercise, experimental diagnostics on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), heart rate variability (HRV), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were performed. Significant changes over time were found for all parameters (p 〈 .05). Furthermore, there was an approached statistical significance in the interaction between gender and training status in BDNF regulation (F(3) = 2.43; p = 0.06), while gender differences were found only for LF/HF-ratio (3hPoEx, F(3) = 3.40; p = 0.002). Regarding the reliability, poor ICC-values ( 〈 0.5) were found for BDNF, Stroop sensitivity and pNN50, while all other parameters showed moderate ICC-values (0.5-0.75). Plasma-BDNF, SCWT performance, pain perception and all HRV parameters are suitable exercise-sensitive markers after an acute endurance exercise. Moreover, pain perception, SCWT reaction time and all HRV parameters show a moderate reliability, others rather poor. In summary, a selected neurophysiological and vegetative marker panel can be used to determine exercise load and recovery in endurance sports, but its repeatability is limited due to its vaguely reliability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1303-2968
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.446
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075564-8
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Effects of a 6 Week Low-Dose Combined Resistance and Endurance Training on T Cells and Systemic Inflammation in the Elderly
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-08), p. 843-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-08), p. 843-
    Abstract: With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, affecting the shift of T cell subpopulations and the development of chronic low-grade inflammation. Clinically, this is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections or development of several diseases. Since lifestyle factors can play a significant role in reducing the hallmarks of immune aging and inflammation, we investigated the effect of a 6 week low-dose combined resistance and endurance training program. Forty participants (70.3 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to either a training (TG) or control group (CG) and performed a controlled low-threshold and care-oriented 6-week-long combined resistance and endurance training program. Changes in anthropometrics as well as strength capacity were measured. In subgroups of TG and CG, T cells and their subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, naïve, central, effector memory, T-EMRA) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The changes of various plasma cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and adipokines were analyzed by luminex assays. The exercise program was followed by an increase in strength capacities. Participants of TG showed an increase of the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio over time (p 〈 0.05). Significant decreases in systemic levels of interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p 〈 0.05) were observed for participants of TG over time. Even short-term and low-threshold training can reduce some of the hallmarks of immune aging in elderly and thus could be beneficial to stimulate immunity. The specific characteristics of the program make it easily accessible to older people, who may benefit in the longer term in terms of their immunocompetence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10040843
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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