In:
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 3 ( 2015-01-01)
Abstract:
Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean’s sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This disciplinary diversity has contributed a wide range of methodological techniques and approaches to sea-ice studies, complicating comparisons of the results and the development of conceptual and numerical models to describe the important biogeochemical processes occurring in sea ice. Almost all chemical elements, compounds, and biogeochemical processes relevant to Earth system science are measured in sea ice, with published methods available for determining biomass, pigments, net community production, primary production, bacterial activity, macronutrients, numerous natural and anthropogenic organic compounds, trace elements, reactive and inert gases, sulfur species, the carbon dioxide system parameters, stable isotopes, and water-ice-atmosphere fluxes of gases, liquids, and solids. For most of these measurements, multiple sampling and processing techniques are available, but to date there has been little intercomparison or intercalibration between methods. In addition, researchers collect different types of ancillary data and document their samples differently, further confounding comparisons between studies. These problems are compounded by the heterogeneity of sea ice, in which even adjacent cores can have dramatically different biogeochemical compositions. We recommend that, in future investigations, researchers design their programs based on nested sampling patterns, collect a core suite of ancillary measurements, and employ a standard approach for sample identification and documentation. In addition, intercalibration exercises are most critically needed for measurements of biomass, primary production, nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic matter (including exopolymers), the CO2 system, air-ice gas fluxes, and aerosol production. We also encourage the development of in situ probes robust enough for long-term deployment in sea ice, particularly for biological parameters, the CO2 system, and other gases.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2325-1026
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f001
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f002
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f003
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f004
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f005
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f006
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f007
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f008
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f009
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f010
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f011
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f012
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f013
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f014
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.f015
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t001
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t002
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t003
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t004
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t005
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t006
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t007
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t008
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t009
DOI:
10.12952/journal.elementa.000038.t010
Language:
English
Publisher:
University of California Press
Publication Date:
2015
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2745461-7
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