UID:
(DE-602)edoccha_9961031974402883
Format:
1 online resource (520 pages)
ISBN:
9780128161098
,
0128161108
Content:
Basic Biotechniques for Bioprocess and Bioentrepreneurship deals with the entire field of industrial biotechnology, starting from the basic laboratory techniques to scale-up, process development, demonstration, and finally its commercialization. The book compiles currently scattered materials on this topic and updates this information based on practical experience and requirements. The book will be an ideal source for new entrepreneurs who wish to start their own commercial units.
Note:
Intro -- Basic Biotechniques for Bioprocess and Bioentrepreneurship -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Isolation, screening and culture maintenance -- Chapter 1: Isolation of microorganisms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Clinically important microorganisms -- 2.1. Site for isolation -- 2.2. Sampling -- 3. Agriculturally important microorganisms -- 3.1. Preliminary assessment -- 3.2. Identification of sites and sample collection -- 3.3. Storage and pretreatment of soil samples -- 4. Dairy related microorganisms -- 4.1. Sample collection -- 4.2. Preservation of samples -- 5. Extremophiles -- 5.1. Thermophiles -- 5.2. Psychrophiles -- 5.3. Alkaliphiles/acidophiles -- 5.4. Piezophiles -- 5.5. Radiophiles -- 5.6. Xerophiles -- 5.7. Metallophiles -- 5.8. Halophiles -- 5.9. Microaerophiles -- 6. Transport of samples -- 7. Industrially important microorganisms -- 7.1. Sources of microorganisms -- 7.2. Enrichment and isolation -- 7.3. Cultivation of microorganisms -- 7.4. Cultivation of extremophiles -- 7.5. Cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms -- 7.6. Intracellular bacterial culture -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Screening strategies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conventional strain screening techniques -- 2.1. Culture-dependent methods -- 2.2. Conventional screening of antimicrobials -- 2.2.1. Bioactivity based-screening -- 2.2.2. Gene-based screening -- 3. Alternative cultivation methods -- 4. Molecular method of microbial strain screening strategies -- 4.1. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA -- 4.2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism -- 4.3. Pulse field gel electrophoresis -- 4.4. Amplified fragment length polymorphism -- 4.5. RioPrinter -- 4.6. Multilocus sequence typing -- 4.7. MALDI-TOF -- 5. High-throughput screening techniques -- 5.1. Advantages of HTS technology -- 5.2. Analytical measurement.
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5.2.1. Spectroscopic equipment and measurements -- 5.2.2. Mass spectrometry -- 5.2.3. Single cell analysis by microfluidics technology -- 5.2.4. Electrochemical sensor-based screening -- 5.2.5. Biosensor-based screening -- 5.2.6. Statistical data analysis -- 6. ``Omics´´-based screening techniques -- 7. Virtual screening strategies -- 8. Some potential application of novel screening strategies -- 8.1. In medicine and drug discovery -- 8.2. Environmental applications -- 9. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Identification, morphological, biochemical, and genetic characterization of microorganisms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Isolation of microorganisms -- 2.1. Methods of isolation -- 2.1.1. Isolation in liquid medium by serial dilution technique also referred to as end tube method -- 2.1.2. Isolation on solid medium or isolation by plating media -- 2.1.3. Single-cell isolation using micromanipulation -- 2.1.4. Selective methods -- 3. Identification of microbes -- 3.1. Principles of taxonomy -- 3.2. Strategies used to identify microbes -- 3.2.1. Using phenotypic characteristics to identify microbes -- Microscopic morphology -- Procedure of gram staining -- 3.2.2. Culture characteristics -- 3.2.3. Streak method -- 3.2.4. Serology -- 3.2.5. Fatty acid analysis (FAME) -- 3.3. Morphology of bacteria -- 3.3.1. Colony morphology -- 3.3.2. Cellular morphology -- 3.4. Morphology of fungi -- 3.4.1. Unicellular fungi -- 3.4.2. Molds or filamentous fungi -- 3.4.3. Microscopic structures -- 3.4.4. Macroscopic structures -- 3.4.5. Dimorphic fungi -- 4. Biochemical characterization of microbes -- 4.1. Indole test -- 4.2. Methyl red test -- 4.3. Voges Proskauer test -- 4.4. Citrate test -- 4.5. Triple sugar-iron (TSI) agar test -- 4.6. Carbohydrate fermentation test -- 4.7. Oxidative fermentative (O-F) test -- 4.7.1. Nitrate reduction broth.
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4.8. Amino acid decarboxylase test -- 4.9. Litmus milk test -- 4.10. Hydrogen sulfide test -- 4.10.1. Urease test -- 4.11. O-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) test -- 4.12. Phenylalanine deaminase test -- 4.13. Catalase test -- 4.14. Oxidase test -- 4.15. Gelatin hydrolysis test -- 4.16. Starch hydrolysis test -- 4.17. Lipid hydrolysis test -- 4.18. DNA hydrolysis test or deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test -- 4.19. Coagulase test -- 5. Genetic characterization of microorganisms -- 5.1. Microorganisms whose study is encompassed by microbial genetics -- 5.2. Determination of DNA sequences -- 5.2.1. Procedure -- 5.2.2. Agarose gel electrophoresis -- 5.2.3. Solution/Regents -- 5.2.4. Quantification of DNA -- 5.3. Microbial fingerprinting methods -- 5.3.1. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) -- 5.3.2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) -- 5.3.3. Ribotyping -- 5.3.4. PCR-RFLP -- 5.3.5. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) -- 5.3.6. Direct amplification fingerprinting (DAF) -- 5.3.7. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) -- 5.3.8. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) -- 5.3.9. Random amplified polymorphism deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) -- 5.3.10. Plasmid profile analysis -- 5.3.11. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) -- 5.3.12. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR SSCP) -- 5.3.13. Direct amplification fingerprinting (DAF) -- 5.3.14. Computer-assisted analysis -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Microbial activity and productivity enhancement strategies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Isolation of microbes -- 3. Statistical design for culture and reaction condition optimization -- 4. Induction strategy -- 5. Immobilization -- 5.1. Adsorption -- 5.2. Covalent binding -- 5.3. Entrapment -- 5.4. Cross-linking -- 5.5. Other methods of immobilization -- 6. Mutagenesis for enhancement of enzyme activity and productivity.
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6.1. Physical and chemical mutagenesis -- 6.2. Directed evolution -- 6.3. Site directed mutagenesis -- 7. Metabolic engineering -- 7.1. Improvement of microbes for utilization of carbon source -- 7.2. Construction of new metabolic pathway -- 7.3. Increased cofactor production and regeneration -- 7.4. Improvement of robustness to stress -- 8. Co-culture strategy -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Culture maintenance, preservation, and strain improvement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Culture media for different aspects -- 2.1. Classification by physical nature -- 2.2. Classification by chemical composition -- 2.3. Classification by purpose/functional use -- 3. Sterilization techniques -- 3.1. Heat sterilization -- 3.2. Gas sterilization -- 3.3. Sterilization by radiation -- 3.4. Filter sterilization -- 4. Maintenance and preservation of pure cultures -- 4.1. Metabolically active methods -- 4.2. Metabolically inactive methods -- 4.3. Microbial culture collections -- 5. Strain improvement -- 5.1. Characteristics of an improved strain -- 5.2. Methods for microbial strain improvement -- 5.2.1. Mutation -- 5.2.2. Genetic recombination -- 5.2.3. Genetic engineering -- 5.2.4. Genome editing -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Laboratory techniques & -- instrumentation -- Chapter 6: Biomolecules: Types, homogenization, bead beater, sonication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classification of cell disruption processes -- 2.1. Physical disruption methods -- 2.1.1. Decompression -- 2.1.2. Osmotic shock -- 2.1.3. Thermal lysis -- 2.2. Chemical disruption -- 2.2.1. Antibiotics -- 2.2.2. Chelating agents -- 2.2.3. Chaotropic agents -- 2.2.4. Detergents -- 2.3. Large-scale cell disruption: The bead mill -- 2.3.1. Important operational parameters of bead-milling -- Agitator speed -- Effect of feed rate on microorganism disintegration -- Size of the beads.
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Bead loading -- Specific weight of the grinding elements -- Concentration of cell suspension -- Temperature -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Centrifugation: Basic principle, types -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic principles of centrifugation, centrifugal force, and sedimentation coefficient -- 2.1. Calculation of centrifugal force -- 2.2. Calculation of angular velocity -- 2.3. Calculation of relative centrifugal field (RCF) -- 2.4. Sedimentation coefficient -- 3. Instrumentation of a centrifuge -- 3.1. Types of rotors -- 3.2. Material used in rotor construction -- 3.3. Various types of centrifugation technique -- 3.4. Types of centrifuges -- 3.4.1. Ultracentrifuges -- 3.5. Separation methods in different types of centrifugation -- 3.5.1. Differential centrifugation -- 3.5.2. Density gradient centrifugation -- 3.5.3. Properties of a good gradient material -- 3.6. Applications of centrifugation techniques -- 3.7. Care of centrifugation equipment -- 3.8. Safety aspects while operating a centrifuge -- References -- Chapter 8: Spectroscopy-Principle, types, and applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General types of spectra -- 2.1. Continuous spectra -- 2.2. Discrete spectra -- 3. Principle of spectroscopy -- 3.1. Optical instruments in spectroscopy -- 3.2. How spectroscopy different from spectrometry -- 4. Types of spectroscopy -- 4.1. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy -- 4.1.1. Principle -- 4.1.2. Applications of UV-vis spectroscopy -- Spectroscopy in environmental analysis -- UV-vis spectroscopy for water analysis and environmental applications -- Spectrophotometric analysis of bacterial water contaminants -- Spectrophotometers for chlorine and fluoride quantification -- UV-vis spectroscopy for geological studies linked to water contamination -- Other applications -- 4.2. Infrared spectroscopy -- 4.2.1. Source.
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4.2.2. Some important definitions.
Additional Edition:
Print version: Bhatt, Arvind Kumar Basic Biotechniques for Bioprocess and Bioentrepreneurship San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2023
Language:
English
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