Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (134 p.)

ISBN: 92-821-1273-X

Content: This report examines the form regulation should take in rail freight markets to promote efficiency in railways and the wider economy. It analyses issues of monopoly, scale economies, competition, mergers, ownership and the structure of the rail industry. Experience in North America, Australia, Japan, the European Union and countries from eastern and western Europe is reviewed. The need for regulation differs by market and, together with political constraints, this means that regulatory models can not be transferred wholesale from one continent to another. However, each region provides important lessons for reforms currently under consideration in all ECMT and OECD countries.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , ""Table of Contents""; ""Executive Summary: Principal Questions for Regulatory Reform and the Development of Rail Freight...""; ""Introduction""; ""Improving Quality of Service""; ""Objectives of Regulatory Reform""; ""Intrusiveness of Regulation""; ""Competition and Consolidation""; ""Infrastructure Access""; ""Cross Subsidies""; ""Infrastructure Charges""; ""Ownership and Financing of Investment""; ""Replicability of Models""; ""Conclusions""; ""Notes""; ""Regulatory Reform and the Development of Rail Freight Markets""; ""Regulatory issues""; ""Introduction"" , ""Trends in Regulatory Reform""""Economic Characteristics of the Railway Industry""; ""Objectives of Regulatory Reform""; ""Rail Industry Trends by Region""; ""Figure 1. Freight Transport Modal Split (% of tonne-kilometres)""; ""Figure 2. Index of Rail Freight Traffic (t-km) and Real GDP""; ""EU Member States""; ""Figure 3. Rail freight traffic in the 15 countries now forming the EU 1950-97 (billion t-km)""; ""Figure 4. Length of rail lines and staffing levels in 15 countries now forming EU 1947-97""; ""Central and Eastern Europe"" , ""Figure 5. Rail freight traffic in Central and Eastern Europe 1965-97 (billion t-km)""""Figure 6. Rail staff in Central and Eastern Europe 1965-97 (thousands)""; ""The United States""; ""Figure 7. Performance of major railroads in the United States, 1964-1998""; ""Railway Performance""; ""Partial Productivity Measures for EU railways""; ""Total Factor Productivity Analysis � North America and Australia""; ""Rail Freight Markets and Regulation""; ""Rail Industry Structure and Regulation""; ""Table 1. Ownership, Separation of Infrastructure and Track Access for Selected Countries"" , ""Monopoly""""Separation of Infrastructure""; ""Competition""; ""Alliances and Mergers""; ""Impact of Passenger Transport on Rail Freight""; ""Ownership""; ""Inter-Modal Competition and Infrastructure Charges""; ""Distortion of Competition""; ""Market Failure and Infrastructure Charges""; ""Cost recovery and Financial Issues""; ""Other Aspects of the Regulation of Infrastructure Charges""; ""Replicability of Models""; ""Conclusions""; ""Notes""; ""Regulatory Reform in Selected Countries: Europe""; ""Railway Reform in the European Union""; ""The Need for Reform"" , ""Impact of Directive 91/440/EEC""""Common Transport Policy and the Strategy for Revitalising the Community�s Railways""; ""Interoperability""; ""Amendments to Directives""; ""Financial strengthening""; ""Management independence""; ""Separation of infrastructure""; ""Access to infrastructure""; ""Mergers""; ""Impact of Amendments""; ""Competition""; ""Incumbent Railway Undertakings""; ""Impact on Industry Structure""; ""Size of Network and Rail Freight Service Offer""; ""Infrastructure Management""; ""Conclusions""; ""Pricing of Infrastructure for Rail Freight in the EU Member States"" , ""Evolution of EU Policy"" , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1272-1

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (200 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-17282-7 , 9786610172825 , 92-821-0319-6

Content: This report examines the economic principles for efficient systems of taxation and provides a framework for international comparisons of transport taxes and charges. It investigates the price and tax changes likely to result from the reform of transport charges to maximise efficiency, and their impact on motorists, hauliers and users of other transport services. The report also assesses the impact of national differences in taxation on the competitiveness of hauliers internationally.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Preliminaries; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; FOREWORD; CONTENTS; Executive Summary Reforming Transport Taxes and Charges; 1 Principles for Efficient Taxation; 2 Optimal Transport Pricing; 3 Summary Analysis of Road Haulage Charges; 4 Taxation and Competitiveness in the European Road Haulage Market; 5 Other Factors Affecting Competition in the European Road Haulage Market; Annex B Road haulage data and details of calculations; Glossaries; , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-0317-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (205 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-03594-3 , 9786610035946 , 92-64-19364-2

Content: This report reviews vehicle emissions standards in Europe, Japan and the United States, providing the reader with valuable comparisons. It also examines incentives for sulphur free fuels - which can contribute to reducing both conventional air emissions and carbon dioxide. It describes emissions control technologies and the impact of emissions on health and the environment and assesses the adequacy of emissions limits for new passenger cars and heavy duty diesel engines.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; PART I. VEHICLE EMISSION TRENDS; 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION; 2. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MOTORVEHICLE EMISSIONS; 3. EU, US AND JAPANESE EMISSIONS CONTROL PROGRAMMES; 4. PROGRESS IN REDUCING EMISSIONS AND IMPROVING AIR QUALITY; 5. REMAINING CHALLENGES; ANNEX A. EUROPEAN EMISSIONS REGULATIONS; ANNEX B. US EMISSIONS REGULATIONS; ANNEX C. CALIFORNIA EMISSIONS REGULATIONS; ANNEX D. JAPANESE EMISSIONS REGULATIONS; ANNEX E. US FUEL EFFICIENCY EFFORTS; ANNEX F. JAPANESE PROGRAMME TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION , ANNEX G. VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS TO REDUCE CO 2 EMISSIONSAND MONITORING OF CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM NEW CARS IN EUROPEAPPENDIX; PART II. SULPHUR FREE FUELS; REFERENCES; 1. FUEL QUALITY; 2. ADVANTAGES OF LOW SULPHUR FUELS; 3. CURRENT AVAILABILITY OF LOW SULPHUR FUELS; 4. COSTS AND CO 2 BALANCE; 5. PROMOTING DISTRIBUTION OF LOW SULPHUR FUELS; 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1363-9

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (109 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-17287-8 , 9786610172870 , 92-821-1317-5

Series Statement: Implementing sustainable urban travel policies National peer review

Content: This book provides an analysis of the challenges Hungary is facing in its urban travel systems and an examination of policy and decision-making structures that are framing the implementation of urban travel policies in Hungary. It also proposes ways in which progress towards more sustainable urban travel can be achieved. The report finds that Hungary has increasingly crowded urban roads and rising car ownership and use.  Hungary's cities are wrestling with how to maintain a highly favourable modal share for their well-developed public transport systems, while saddled with the financial burden of ageing rolling stock and infrastructure. Unabated commercial and retail development in the periphery of cities with little access to public transport is further increasing demand for car travel.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Annex -- Analysis of the Review Team -- Policy Context for Sustainable Urban Travel -- Institutional Context for Sustainable Urban Travel -- Key Trends and Sustainability Issues in Urban Travel -- Context -- Introduction. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1315-9

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (91 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-17293-2 , 9786610172931 , 92-821-0329-3

Content: National Policies to Promote Cycling brings together the experience of 21 countries and 7 municipalities in developing and implementing policies and measures to promote cycling as a means of travel. Based on the findings of the study, a Declaration on National Cycling Policies for Sustainable Urban Travel was agreed by ECMT Ministers at their 2004 Ljubljana Council. With this Declaration, Ministers recognised for the first time the importance of a national policy and institutional framework for promoting cycling.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Preliminaries; FOREWORD; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CONTENTS; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 The policy and institutional framework; Chapter 3 National cycling policies and plans; Chapter 4 Challenges to effective policy making at a national level; Chapter 5 How can national level commitment be helpful; Chapter 6 Conclusions; Bibliography; Annex; , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-2325-1

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (89 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-08339-5 , 9786610083398 , 92-64-18817-7

Content: Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , ""List of Boxes""; ""Box 1. Some key examples of SEA""; ""Box 2. Other examples of SEA at different levels of transport planning""; ""Box 3. Towards new internal procedures for SEA of Community policies and legislation""; ""Box 4. Commission and Council policy statements regarding SEA for transport""; ""Box 5. The High Speed Rail study: key issues and recommendations for the future SEA process of the TEN""; ""Box 6. Transport Infrastructure needs Assessment in Central Europe (TINA) � Extending the Union�s...""; ""Box 7. SEA provisions or initiatives in international organisations"" , ""Box 8. Key issues and deficiencies of SEA""""Box 9. SEA research priorities""; ""Box 10. SEA research in the Directorate-General for Environment (DG XI)""; ""Box 11. European Framework Research Programmes""; ""Box 12. SEIA Document""; ""List of Tables""; ""Table 1. Characteristics and benefits of SEA""; ""Table 2. Impacts and indicators for transport SEA""; ""Table 3. Contents of a SEA report for a transport infrastructure plan""; ""Table 4. SEA in the EU Member States, legal requirements (A), examples (B) and other mechanisms (C)"" , ""Table 5. Overview of EIA and Sea Legislative Provision in Ceecs""""Table 6. Northern corridor route selection criteria""; ""Table 7. Selection of Key Indicators used in the Polish Motorway Network SEA""; ""Table 8. M4 CAF Objectives and Strategic Indicators""; ""Table 9. Relevant selected spatial and ecological issues for a SEA of the TEN""; ""Table 1. Envisaged TERM indicator list (key indicators in blue) ""; ""List of Figures""; ""Figure 1. Sequence of actions and assessments within a tiered planning and assessment system"" , ""Figure 2. A model for defining tne contents and process of SEA in the transport sector""""Figure 3. RDPs and the SEA Process""; ""Figure 4. Proposal for a comprehensive assessment framework for transport SEA""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Table of Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""1. Role of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)""; ""2. Progress""; ""3. Priorities for Improvement""; ""4. Additional Priorities in Central and Eastern European Countries and the New Independent States""; ""5. Transport Ministries� Response""; ""6. Recapitulation""; ""1. Introduction"" , ""Concepts and Definitions""""2. Role and Key Elements of SEA""; ""A. The Role of SEA""; ""Figure 1. Sequence of actions and assessments within a tiered planning and assessment system""; ""Table 1. Characteristics and benefits of SEA""; ""Table 2. Impacts and indicators for transport SEA""; ""B. The SEA Process""; ""Table 3. Contents of a SEA report for a transport infrastructure plan""; ""C. SEA Techniques""; ""3. SEA Experience and Practice""; ""A. General Country Experience and Practice of SEA""; ""Box 1. Some key examples of SEA"" , ""Table 4. SEA in the EU Member States, legal requirements (A), examples (B) and other mechanisms (C)"" , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1259-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (81 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-08173-2 , 9786610081738 , 92-821-1277-2

Series Statement: Implementing sustainable urban travel policies National peer review

Content: Transport specialists around the world have for many years looked to the urban transport experience of the Netherlands as exemplary. The Dutch have demonstrated strong and sustained commitment to integrating transport and land-use planning and policies to maximise use of public transport and cycling. Bolstered by a long-standing and highly respected planning culture, they have undertaken this in an institutional environment that favours consultation and consensus seeking among different sectors and stakeholders. Like many countries around the world, the Netherlands has experienced increasing pressure from transport on the environment, with rising congestion in and around the urban areas, noise disturbance and air pollution and issues related to international transit traffic. While strategic plans for transport, land use and the environment have set out a framework for dealing with these pressures, meeting the often ambitious goals and targets articulated in these plans has proven elusive in many cases. Undertaken during the preparation of the recently approved National Traffic and Transport Plan of the Netherlands (2000), this report is an evaluation of Dutch urban travel policy that is based on the findings of an ECMT team of peer experts during their study visit to the Netherlands in June 1999.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , ""List of Tables""; ""Table 1. Population of the five principal cities of the Netherlands""; ""Table 2. Urbanisation of provinces""; ""Table 3. Share of transport in GDP""; ""Table 4. Transport infrastructure in the Netherlands""; ""Table 5. Trends in private mobility""; ""Table 6. Modal share in passenger kilometres (1999)""; ""Table 7. Domestic freight transport by Dutch companies""; ""Table 8. International freight transport by Dutch companies""; ""Table 9. Passenger-kilometres travelled on urban and inter-urban public transport"" , ""Table 10. Trends in road transport CO2 emissions in the Netherlands""""Table 11. Selected air emissions from transport sources""; ""Table 12. Road traffic fatalities and injuries""; ""List of Figures""; ""Figure 1. Map of the Netherlands""; ""Figure 2. Financial streams for traffic and transport""; ""Foreword""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Table of Contents""; ""Chapter 1. Introduction""; ""Chapter 2. Context""; ""2.1. Physical and human contexts""; ""2.1.1. Physical context""; ""2.1.2. Population and urbanisation"" , ""Table 1. Population of the five principal cities of the Netherlands""""Table 2. Urbanisation of provinces""; ""Figure 1. Map of the Netherlands""; ""2.2. Economic context""; ""2.2.1. General""; ""2.2.2. Role of the transport sector""; ""Table 3. Share of transport in GDP""; ""2.3. General trends in transport""; ""Table 4. Transport infrastructure in the Netherlands""; ""2.3.1. Car ownership""; ""2.3.2. Passenger transport""; ""Table 5. Trends in private mobility""; ""Table 6. Modal share in passenger kilometres (1999)""; ""2.3.3. Freight transport"" , ""Table 7. Domestic freight transport by Dutch companies""""Table 8. International freight transport by Dutch companies""; ""Chapter 3. Key Trends and Sustainability Issues in Urban Travel""; ""3.1. Urban travel""; ""3.1.1. Modal share in towns and cities""; ""3.1.2. Car traffic and congestion""; ""3.1.3. Public transport trends""; ""Table 9. Passenger-kilometres travelled on urban and inter-urban public transport""; ""3.2. Land use""; ""3.2.1. Recent trends""; ""3.2.2. Demand for land space""; ""3.3. Environment""; ""3.3.1. Air emissions""; ""CO2"" , ""Table 10. Trends in road transport CO2 emissions in the Netherlands""""Local air quality""; ""Table 11. Selected air emissions from transport sources""; ""3.3.2. Noise""; ""3.3.3. Fragmentation and biodiversity loss""; ""3.4. Safety""; ""Table 12. Road traffic fatalities and injuries""; ""Chapter 4. Institutional Context for Sustainable Urban Travel""; ""4.1. General administrative structure of the Netherlands""; ""4.2. Transport planning""; ""4.2.1. Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (V&W)""; ""4.2.2. Regions"" , ""4.2.3. Vertical co-ordination between levels of government"" , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1328-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (288 pages)

ISBN: 9789282122884 (PDF)

Series Statement: Activités de la conférence : Résolutions du Conseil des ministres des transports et rapports approuvés

Content: Introduction : Rappel succinct de la structure et du fonctionnement de la Conférence 5 PREMIÈRE PARTIE : ACTIVITES DE LA CEMT Chapitre I. Programme de travail triennal 9 Chapitre II. Activités dans des secteurs particuliers 10 -A. Intégration des nouveaux états membres 10 -B. Chemins de fer 14 -C. Transport routier 16 -D. Transports combinés  17 -E. Aspects fiscaux et financiers des marchés des transports 18 -F. Transports et environnement 19 -G. Sécurité routière 21 -H. Transports pour les personnes à mobilité réduite 22 -I. La fraude dans les transports 25 -J. Le transport urbain durable 27 Chapitre III. Recherches économiques, statistiques et documentation 3 -A. Recherches économiques 30 -B. Statistiques 47 -C. Documentation et information 50 Chapitre IV. Reliations extérieures  51 DEUXIÈME PARTIE RESOLUTIONS APPROUVEES PAR LE CONSEIL DES MINISTRES DES TRANSPORTS EN 2000 -Résolution no 2000/1 Les règles à appliquer pour les transports internationaux de marchandises par route 55 -Résolution no 2000/2 L'évolution du contingent multilatéral 62 Résolution no 2000/3 Les charges et les taxes liées au transport et en particulier au transport routier international 66 DECISIONS APPROUVEES PAR LE CONSEIL DES MINISTRES DES TRANSPORTS EN 2000 -Décision sur le développement durable  71 -Déclaration relative à la sécurité des usagers vulnérables dans la circulation routière 90 -Recommandations sur le transport maritime à courte distance 92 -Aspects sociaux des transports routiers internationaux de marchandises : informations et questions politiques aux ministres 100 -Mise en oeuvre de la déclaration d'Helsinki  103 -Programme triennal de travail : orientation stratégique 107 -Les transports dans la région des Balkans 108 RAPPORTS APPROUVES PAR LE CONSEIL DES MINISTRES DES TRANSPORTS EN 2000 -Conférence conjointe CEMT-ACEA-OICA sur les mesures pertinentes de

Content: réduction des émissions de CO2 115 -La quantification des politiques de réduction des émissions de CO2 123 -L'évolution des émissions des véhicules  128 -L'évaluation des avantages des transports 133 -L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports  136 -Le transport maritime à courte distance: alternative ou complément du transport terrestre en Europe 144 Harmonisation dans le transport routier : taxation efficiente des transports 174 -Programme de travail triennal 180 -Synthèse des principales questions concernant la réforme de la réglementation et le développement des marchés du transport ferroviaire de marchandises  229 -La réforme ferroviaire 243 ANNEXES -I. Organigramme de la CEMT 247 -II. Communiqué de presse après la 84ème Session du Conseil des Ministres tenue à Prague 249 -III. Liste des pays Membres de la CEMT et date d'entrée 259 -IV. Composition des bureaux de la CEMT 261 -V. Liste des délégués à la séance de Prague  262 -VI. Liste des Organisations Internationales à statut consultatif au sein de la CEMT  279 -VII. Rapport aux Gouvernements parties à la Convention Eurofima 284.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , French

Language: French

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (460 p. ) , ill. ;

ISBN: 1-280-08152-X , 9786610081523 , 92-64-17311-0

Content: This publication reviews investment trends in transport infrastructure in Europe from 1985 to 1995. It provides data relative to roads, railways, urban railways, inland waterways, oil pipelines, ports and airports of ECMT Member countries. Investments linked to multimodal/combined transport infrastructure are examined in depth. Information is also given on maintenance expenditure in transport infrastructure. For the first time, readers will find data on infrastructure expenditure for Central and Eastern European countries. ECMT countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , VOLUME 1 -- Executive summary -- 1. Trends in investment in inland transport infrastructure overall -- 2. Investment trends by mode -- 3. Trends in investment in intermodal/combined transport -- 4. Trends in capital stock -- 5. Trends in infrastructure maintenance expenditure -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Transport development and the environment -- 3. Total investment in transport infrastructure -- 4. Distribution of investment among transport modes -- 5. Investment in combined-multimodal transport -- 6. Expenditure on maintenance -- 7. Capital values -- 8. Background data and units of account -- Maps -- VOLUME 2 -- 9. National reports and tables – National currencies -- Austria -- Belgium -- Bosnia-Herzegovina -- Bulgaria -Croatia -- Czech Republic -- Denmark. -- Estonia  -- Finland  -- France -- F.Y.R.O.M. -- Germany -- Greece  -- Hungary -- Ireland -- Italy  -- Latvia  -- Lithuania -- Luxembourg -- Moldova -- Netherlands -- Norway -- Poland -- -Portugal -- Romania -- Slovak Republic -- Slovenia -- Spain  -- Sweden -- Switzerland  -- Turkey -- Ukraine -- United Kingdom -- 10. National tables – ECU -- Austria -- Belgium -- Czech Republic -- Denmark -- Estonia -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Hungary -- Ireland -- Italy -- Latvia -- Luxembourg -- Moldova -- Norway -- Poland -- Portugal -- Romania -- Slovak Republic -- Slovenia -- Spain -- Sweden -- Switzerland -- Turkey -- United Kingdom --   , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1242-X

Language: English

DOI: 10.1787/9789264173118-en

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (74 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-08128-7 , 9786610081288 , 92-821-1289-6

Series Statement: Implementing sustainable urban travel policies Final report

Content: There is widespread agreement that in order to bring about sustainable travel in urban areas, flexible, integrated policy packages are needed that send the right signals to urban land use and transport markets. The project on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies conducted by the ECMT has shown that actually implementing integrated policy packages for sustainable urban travel is easier said than done for a great number of cities in ECMT and OECD countries. While in most countries, urban land use and travel policies are defined and implemented at the local or regional levels, there is growing recognition that national governments can improve chances for implementation of integrated policy packages by providing for a flexible, sectorally integrated policy framework that sends the right messages to regions and cities via policy incentives and project financing. This report examines the ways in which national governments can act as catalysts for sustainable travel practices on a local level.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , ""Foreword""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Table of Contents""; ""Chapter 1. Introduction""; ""Box 1. Urban Travel and Sustainable Development: The 1995 ECMT/OECD Strategy""; ""Chapter 2. Trends in Urban Travel and Land Use and their Impacts""; ""2.1. Urban development""; ""2.1.1. Continuing suburbanisation of the urban population""; ""2.1.2. Urban density: overall decline""; ""2.1.3. Percentage of jobs in the Central Business District (CBD): generally stable""; ""2.2. Car ownership: on the rise in virtually all countries""; ""2.3. Overall mobility (all modes) stable"" , ""2.3.1. Private car and motorised two-wheel""""2.3.2. Public transport""; ""2.3.3. Non-motorised means""; ""2.3.4. Length of trips by car on the rise""; ""2.4. Public transport supply and demand""; ""2.5. Congestion""; ""2.6. Environmental and safety indicators""; ""2.6.1. Air pollution and noise nuisance""; ""2.6.2. Road safety""; ""2.6.3. Perceptions of environmental and traffic problems""; ""Chapter 3. National Policy Responses to Urban Travel Problems""; ""3.1. Implementing the ECMT-OECD strategy""; ""3.2. Sustainable urban travel policies: what countries are doing"" , ""3.2.1. Decentralisation and national-local government relations""""3.2.2. Integration of transport and land use planning""; ""3.2.3. Consultation""; ""3.2.4. Quality public transport""; ""3.2.5. Traffic management""; ""3.2.6. Road and congestion pricing""; ""3.2.7. Climate change policies""; ""3.2.8. Policy targets""; ""Chapter 4. Challenges to Implementing Sustainable Travel Policies in Urban Areas""; ""4.1. General comments""; ""4.2. Implementation challenges frequently encountered""; ""4.2.1. Lack of a national policy framework for sustainable urban travel"" , ""4.2.2. Poor policy integration and co-ordination""""4.2.3. Inefficient or counterproductive institutional roles and procedures""; ""4.2.4. Public, lobby and press resistance to policies""; ""4.2.5. Unsupportive legal or regulatory framework""; ""4.2.6. Weaknesses in the pricing/fiscal framework""; ""4.2.7. Misguided financing and investment flows""; ""4.2.8. Analytical obstacles""; ""4.2.9. Poor data quality and quantity""; ""4.2.10. Wavering political commitment""; ""Chapter 5. Recommendations for National Governments on Improving Implementation of Sustainable Urban Travel..."" , ""Chapter 6. Conclusions""""Notes""; ""List of References""; ""Annex I. Methodology of the ECMT-OECD Project “Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies� (1998-2001)""; ""Table. Workshops held during the project""; ""Annex II. Steering Group Members""; ""Recent and Forthcoming Documents and Publications"" , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 92-821-1368-X

Language: English