Format:
1 Online-Ressource (258 pages)
Edition:
6th ed
ISBN:
9780702076299
Series Statement:
Made Easy Ser
Content:
Front Cover -- IFC -- NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION: MADE EASY -- NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION: MADE EASY -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- How to Use this Book -- 1. Anatomical (where?) -- 2. Syndromal (what?) -- 3. Aetiological (why?) -- GLOSSARY OF NEUROLOGICAL TERMS -- 1 - HISTORY AND EXAMINATION -- HISTORY -- The neurological history -- Basic background information -- Present complaint -- Conventional history -- Past medical history -- Drug history -- Family history -- Social history -- Toxin exposure -- Systemic inquiry -- Patient's perception of illness -- Anything else? -- Synthesis of history and differential diagnosis -- GENERAL EXAMINATION -- 2 - SPEECH -- BACKGROUND -- 1. Aphasia -- 2. Dysphonia -- 3. Dysarthria -- 1. APHASIA -- WHAT TO DO -- Assess understanding -- Test understanding -- Assess spontaneous speech -- Ask further questions -- Assess word-finding ability and naming -- Assess repetition -- Assess severity of impairment of speech -- Further tests -- Test reading and writing -- WHAT YOU FIND -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 2. DYSPHONIA -- WHAT TO DO -- WHAT YOU FIND AND WHAT IT MEANS -- 3. DYSARTHRIA -- WHAT TO DO -- WHAT YOU FIND -- Types of dysarthria -- With abnormal rhythm -- With normal rhythm -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 3 - MENTAL STATE AND HIGHER FUNCTION -- 1. MENTAL STATE -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO AND WHAT YOU FIND -- Appearance and behaviour -- Mood -- Vegetative symptoms -- Delusions -- Hallucinations and illusions -- WHAT IT MEANS -- Organic psychoses -- Functional psychoses -- Neuroses -- Personality disorder -- 2. HIGHER FUNCTION -- BACKGROUND -- WHEN TO TEST HIGHER FUNCTION -- WHAT TO DO -- Introduction -- 1.Attention and orientation -- Orientation -- 2.Memory -- b. Short-term memory or episodic memory -- c. Long-term memory or semantic memory -- 3.Calculation -- Serial sevens
Content:
Alternative test: doubling threes -- Further tests -- 4.Abstract thought -- What you find -- What you find -- 5.Spatial perception -- Clock face -- Five-pointed star -- What you find -- 6.Visual and body perception -- Facial recognition: 'famous faces' -- Body perception -- Sensory agnosia -- 7.Apraxia -- Three-hand test -- WHAT YOU FIND -- Patterns of focal loss -- WHAT IT MEANS -- Diffuse or multifocal abnormalities -- Common -- Rarer -- Nutritional -- Infective -- Structural -- Focal deficits -- Degenerative -- Vascular -- Neoplastic -- Infective -- Demyelinating -- 4 - GAIT -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO AND WHAT YOU FIND -- If symmetrical -- If small paces -- If normal paces -- If asymmetrical -- FURTHER TESTS -- WHAT IT MEANS -- Non-neurological gaits -- Romberg's test -- What to do -- What you find and what it means -- 5 - CRANIAL NERVES: GENERAL -- BACKGROUND -- 6 - CRANIAL NERVE I: OLFACTORY NERVE -- WHAT TO DO -- WHAT YOU FIND -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 7 - CRANIAL NERVES: THE EYE 1 - PUPILS, ACUITY, FIELDS -- BACKGROUND -- 1. General -- The eyes are usually symmetrical -- 2. Pupils -- The pupillary light reaction -- Accommodation reaction -- 3. Acuity -- 4. Fields -- 1. GENERAL -- WHAT TO DO -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 2. PUPILS -- WHAT TO DO IN A CONSCIOUS PATIENT -- WHAT YOU FIND -- FURTHER TESTING -- Swinging light test -- What to do -- What you find and what it means -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 3. ACUITY -- WHAT TO DO AND WHAT YOU FIND -- Can the patient see out of both eyes? -- (i) Using Snellen's chart -- (ii) Using a near vision chart (Fig. 7.3) -- (iii) Using bedside material such as newspapers -- A new development -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 4. FIELDS -- WHAT TO DO -- Assess major field defects -- Test each eye individually -- What to test with? -- Using a red pin (recommended) -- Alternative technique using a white pin (a less sensitive test)
Content:
Once you find a field defect -- When there is a homonymous hemianopia -- WHAT YOU FIND -- (i) Defect limited to one eye -- Constricted field -- (ii) Defect affecting both eyes -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 8 - CRANIAL NERVES: THE EYE 2 - FUNDI -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- 1. Look at the optic disc -- 2. Look at the blood vessels -- 3. Look at the retinal background -- WHAT YOU FIND -- 1. Optic disc -- 2. Blood vessels -- 3. Retinal background (Fig. 8.7) -- General background -- Red lesions -- White/yellow lesions -- Black lesions -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 1. Optic disc -- 2. Blood vessels and retinal background -- 9 - Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI:Eye Movements -- BACKGROUND -- Double vision rules -- WHAT TO DO -- The cover test -- What to do -- What you find -- What it means -- Test the eye movements to pursuit -- Test saccadic eye movements -- Test convergence -- Vestibulo-ocular reflex (doll's eye manœuvre) -- WHAT YOU FIND -- Other common abnormalities -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 10 - CRANIAL NERVES: NYSTAGMUS -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- Special test: optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) -- WHAT YOU FIND -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 11 - Cranial Nerves V and VII: The Face -- BACKGROUND -- Facial nerve: VII -- Trigeminal nerve: V -- Sensory -- Motor -- What to do -- FACIAL NERVE: WHAT TO DO -- Other functions of the facial nerve -- FACIAL NERVE: WHAT YOU FIND -- FACIAL NERVE: WHAT IT MEANS -- TRIGEMINAL NERVE: WHAT TO DO -- Motor -- Test muscles of mastication (trigeminal nerve: motor) -- Sensory -- TRIGEMINAL NERVE: WHAT YOU FIND -- Motor -- Jaw jerk -- Sensory -- TRIGEMINAL NERVE: WHAT IT MEANS -- 12 - CRANIAL NERVE VIII: AUDITORY NERVE -- AUDITORY -- WHAT TO DO -- Test the hearing -- Rinne's test -- Weber's test -- WHAT YOU FIND -- WHAT IT MEANS -- VESTIBULAR -- BACKGROUND -- Gait -- Nystagmus -- Head impulse test -- Caloric test -- CALORIC TESTING: WHAT YOU FIND
Content:
CALORIC TESTING: WHAT IT MEANS -- FURTHER TESTS OF VESTIBULAR FUNCTION -- What you find and what it means -- Turning test -- What you find and what it means -- 13 - Cranial Nerves IX, X, XII: The Mouth -- BACKGROUND -- Glossopharyngeal nerve: IX -- Vagus nerve: X -- Hypoglossal nerve: XII -- MOUTH AND TONGUE: WHAT TO DO -- To assess weakness -- Test repeated movements -- Test speech -- MOUTH: WHAT YOU FIND AND WHAT IT MEANS -- PHARYNX: WHAT TO DO -- Additional testing -- GAG REFLEX: WHAT TO DO -- PHARYNX AND GAG REFLEX: WHAT YOU FIND -- LARYNX: WHAT TO DO -- LARYNX: WHAT YOU FIND -- PHARYNX AND LARYNX: WHAT IT MEANS -- 14 - CRANIAL NERVE XI: ACCESSORY NERVE -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- Look at the neck -- Look at the shoulders -- Sternocleidomastoid -- Trapezius -- WHAT YOU FIND AND WHAT IT MEANS -- 15 - MOTOR SYSTEM: INTRODUCTION -- KEY ANATOMY -- GENERAL -- WHAT TO DO -- General comments -- 16 - MOTOR SYSTEM: TONE -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- Arms -- Legs -- Tone at the hip -- Tone at the knee -- Tone at the ankle -- WHAT YOU FIND -- Special situations -- WHAT IT MEANS -- 17 - MOTOR SYSTEM: ARMS -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- Look at the arms -- Basic screening examination -- Shoulder abduction -- Elbow flexion -- Elbow extension -- Wrist extension -- Finger extension -- Finger flexion -- Finger abduction -- Finger adduction -- Thumb abduction -- FURTHER TESTS OF ARM POWER -- Serratus anterior -- Rhomboids -- Supraspinatus -- Infraspinatus -- Brachioradialis -- Long flexors of little and ring finger -- WHAT YOU FIND -- 18 - MOTOR SYSTEM: LEGS -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- Power testing screening -- Hip flexion -- Hip extension -- Knee extension -- Knee flexion -- Foot dorsiflexion -- Plantar flexion of the foot -- Big toe extension -- Extension of the toes -- Hip adductors -- Foot inversion -- Foot eversion -- 19 - MOTOR SYSTEM: REFLEXES
Content:
BACKGROUND -- WHAT TO DO -- Biceps -- Supinator -- Triceps -- Finger reflex -- Knee reflex -- Ankle reflex -- Ankle reflex alternatives -- Reinforcement -- Further manoeuvres -- Demonstration of clonus -- WHAT YOU FIND AND WHAT IT MEANS -- ABDOMINAL REFLEXES -- What to do -- PLANTAR RESPONSE -- What to do -- What you find -- What it means -- Alternative stimuli (all trying to elicit the same responses) -- 20 - MOTOR SYSTEM: WHAT YOU FIND AND WHAT IT MEANS -- WHAT YOU FIND -- Remember -- Weakness in all four limbs -- With increased reflexes and extensor plantar responses -- With absent reflexes -- Mixed upper motor neurone (in the legs) and lower motor neurone weakness (in the arms) -- Normal reflexes -- Weakness in both legs -- With increased reflexes and extensor plantar responses -- With absent reflexes in the legs -- Unilateral arm and leg weakness -- Upper motor neurone lesion in the high cervical cord, brainstemor above -- Syndromes limited to a single limb -- Upper limb -- Hand -- Arm -- Lower limb -- Variable weakness -- Weakness that is not really there -- WHAT IT MEANS -- Myopathy (rare) -- Causes -- Myasthenic syndromes (rare) -- Causes -- Mononeuropathies (very common) -- Common causes -- Radiculopathies (common) -- Common causes -- Rare causes -- Peripheral neuropathies (common) -- Mononeuritis multiplex (rare) -- Polyradiculopathy (rare) -- Spinal cord syndromes (common) -- Brainstem lesions (common) -- Hemisphere lesions (common) -- Functional weakness -- 21 - SENSATION: GENERAL -- BACKGROUND -- Arms -- Legs -- Dermatomes -- WHAT TO DO -- Vibration sense -- Joint position sense -- Pinprick -- Screening test -- Assessing a lesion -- Assessing a hypothesis -- Light touch -- Special situations -- Temperature sensation -- Screening -- Formal testing -- Other modalities -- Two-point discrimination -- FURTHER TESTS -- Sensory inattention
Content:
What you find
Additional Edition:
9780702076275
Additional Edition:
Print version Fuller, Geraint Neurological Examination Made Easy E-Book Philadelphia : Elsevier,c2019 9780702076275
Language:
English
URL:
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