Format:
1 Online-Ressource (255 pages)
ISBN:
9789811050893
Content:
Intro -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes -- 1 Structural Drivers of Inequities in Health -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Underlying Worldview, Concepts and Definitions -- 1.2.1 The Context: Widening Global Economic Inequalities -- 1.2.2 Equality, Disparity and Equity in Health: Concepts and Definitions -- 1.3 Neo-liberal Globalisation and Global Economic and Social Inequalities -- 1.3.1 Economic Effects -- 1.3.2 Wealth Inequalities -- 1.3.3 Meritocracy -- 1.3.4 Exacerbation of Social Inequalities by Ethnicity -- 1.3.5 Gendered Impact of Neo-liberalism -- 1.4 Neo-liberal Globalisation and Economic and Social Inequalities in India -- 1.4.1 India's Transition from a Closed to Open Economy -- 1.4.2 Economic Inequalities in India During the Period of Economic Liberalisation -- 1.4.3 Geographical Inequalities -- 1.4.3.1 Rural-Urban -- 1.4.3.2 Inequalities Across and Within States -- 1.4.4 Structural Inequalities -- 1.4.4.1 Inequalities by Dalit and Adivasi Status -- 1.4.4.2 Scheduled Castes or Dalits -- 1.4.4.3 Scheduled Tribes or Adivasis -- 1.4.5 Gender-Based Inequalities -- References -- 2 Conceptual Approaches to Examining Health Inequities -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Research on the Causes of Inequity: A Brief Overview -- 2.1.2 Overview of the Chapter -- 2.2 The Public Health Approach -- 2.2.1 The Black Report and After -- 2.2.2 The Materialist Explanations -- 2.2.3 The Cultural-Behavioural Explanations -- 2.2.4 The Psychosocial Explanation -- 2.2.5 The Life Cycle Approach -- 2.2.6 Neo-materialist Explanations -- 2.3 The Key Critiques -- 2.3.1 Geoffery Rose-The Causes of the Causes -- 2.3.2 Mechanisms-The Causes of the Causes of the Causes -- 2.3.3 Destabilising Labels
Content:
2.3.4 In Response-Moving to Multi-level Models -- 2.3.4.1 The Political Economy of Health Model -- 2.3.4.2 The Hopkins Model -- 2.3.4.3 The Diederichsen Framework -- 2.3.4.4 The Framework of the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health -- 2.3.5 Link and Phelans' Fundamental Cause Theory -- 2.3.6 Theories from Political Sociology -- 2.3.6.1 In Summary-From Causes of Causes to Causes of Causes of Causes! -- 2.3.7 The Ecosocial Theory of Nancy Krieger -- 2.3.8 Intersectionality -- 2.3.8.1 Theoretical Considerations-Intersectionality -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Research on Inequities and Inequalities in Health in India: A Mapping of the Field -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Objectives of the Synthesis Exercise and Methodology for Identifying and Mapping the Studies -- 3.1.1.1 Objectives -- 3.1.1.2 Search Strategy and Inclusion Criteria -- 3.1.1.3 Framework for the Mapping -- 3.2 Results of the Mapping of Studies on Inequities and Inequalities in Health -- 3.2.1 Distribution of Papers by Main Themes, Health Problems Examined and Nature of the Enquiry into Health Inequities -- 3.2.2 Distribution of the Papers by Author Characteristics and Data Sources -- 3.3 Methodology Adopted for the Synthesis of the Evidence -- 3.4 Conclusions -- Reference -- 4 Health Inequities in India by Socio-economic Position -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Understanding the Social and the Economic in Socio-economic -- 4.1.2 Origins of Research on Health Inequities by Socio-economic Position -- 4.1.3 Socio-economic Status Versus Position -- 4.1.4 Socio-economic Drivers of Health -- 4.2 Summary of Literature on Health Inequities by Socio-economic Position in India -- 4.2.1 Assessing Health Inequities by Socio-economic Position -- 4.2.2 Healthcare Seeking and Access: Focus on Maternal and Child Health Services -- 4.2.2.1 Child Immunisation
Content:
4.2.2.2 Maternal Health Care Services -- 4.2.2.3 Use of Public Versus Private Health Care -- 4.2.2.4 Regressive Healthcare Financing -- 4.2.3 Health Outcomes -- 4.2.3.1 Child Survival -- 4.2.3.2 Maternal Mortality and Morbidity -- 4.2.3.3 Other Morbidities -- 4.2.3.4 Nutrition -- 4.3 Mechanisms of Health Inequities by Socio-economic Position in India -- 4.3.1 Bringing the Social into Socio-economic Inequity Research -- 4.3.2 Social Determinants View of Socio-economic Inequity in Health -- 4.3.3 Mechanisms Driving Inequity -- 4.3.3.1 Socio-economic and Political Context -- 4.3.3.2 Governance and Macro-policy Drivers -- 4.3.3.3 Geographical Inequities Abound Across Districts and Sub-districts -- 4.3.3.4 Discrimination as a Driver of Inequality -- 4.3.3.5 Social Cohesion -- 4.3.3.6 Material Circumstances of Everyday Living -- 4.3.3.7 Other Correlates -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Inequities in Health in India and Dalit and Adivasi Populations -- Abstract -- 5.1 Background -- 5.1.1 The Caste System and the Dalit -- 5.1.2 Scheduled Tribes or Adivasis -- 5.2 Evidence on Health Inequities Based on Dalit and Adivasi Status -- 5.2.1 Utilisation of Healthcare Services -- 5.2.1.1 Preventive Health Care -- 5.2.1.2 Curative Services -- 5.2.2 Health Outcomes -- 5.2.2.1 Nutritional Status -- 5.2.2.2 Morbidity -- 5.2.2.3 Mortality -- 5.2.3 Geographical Variations in Utilisation of Health Care and in Health Outcomes -- 5.2.4 Inequities in Access, Affordability and Availability -- 5.2.4.1 Discrimination in Healthcare Settings -- 5.2.4.2 Affordability of Health Care -- 5.2.4.3 Availability of Health Services -- 5.3 Making Meaning from the Evidence -- 5.3.1 Reflections on the Nature of Evidence -- 5.3.2 Possible Mechanisms Underlying Health Inequities by Dalit and Adivasi Status -- 5.3.2.1 Differences due to Intermediary Factors
Content:
5.3.2.2 Differences Due to Belonging to the Group -- 5.3.2.3 Differences in the Way Institutions Behave -- 5.3.3 Moving on from Here -- References -- 6 Gender-Based Inequities in Health in India -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Sex, Gender and Health -- 6.1.1.1 Pathways Through Which Sex and Gender Influence Health -- 6.1.2 Recent Conceptual Advances -- 6.1.2.1 Gender Identity and Gender Expressions -- 6.1.2.2 Intersectionality -- 6.2 Evidence on Sex and Gender-Based Health Inequities -- 6.2.1 Sex/Gender and Health Status -- 6.2.1.1 Mortality -- 6.2.1.2 Morbidity -- 6.2.2 Gender as a Risk Factor for Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Conditions -- 6.2.2.1 HIV -- 6.2.2.2 Unwanted Pregnancy -- 6.2.2.3 Reproductive/Genito-Urinary Tract Infections -- 6.2.2.4 Nutrition -- 6.2.3 Sex/Gender and Healthcare Utilisation -- 6.2.3.1 Utilisation of Preventive Health Care -- 6.2.3.2 Utilisation of Curative Healthcare -- 6.2.3.3 Gender Factors Influencing Utilisation of Gynaecological Care -- 6.3 A Critical Synthesis of Evidence -- 6.3.1 Pathways to Gender-Based Inequities in Health -- 6.3.1.1 Son Preference -- 6.3.1.2 Intimate Partner Violence -- 6.3.1.3 Women's Autonomy and Empowerment -- 6.3.2 What We Still Do Not Know -- References -- 7 Other Socially Constructed Vulnerabilities: Focus on People Living with HIV/AIDS and Internal Migrants -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Health Inequities-Summary of Evidence -- 7.2.1 People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) as a Vulnerable Group -- 7.2.1.1 HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Concepts -- 7.2.1.2 Extent of Stigma and Discrimination -- 7.2.1.3 Stigma and Discrimination in Healthcare Facilities -- 7.2.2 Internal Migrants as a Vulnerable Population -- 7.2.2.1 Internal Migration in India -- 7.2.2.2 Migration as a Contributor to Ill Health -- 7.2.2.3 Access to Health Care
Content:
7.2.3 When Vulnerabilities Collude: HIV/AIDS Among Internal Migrants -- 7.2.3.1 The Links Between HIV/AIDS and Internal Migration -- 7.2.3.2 Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV Among Migrant PLHAs -- 7.2.3.3 Women Partners of Migrant PLHA -- 7.3 A Critical Synthesis of Evidence -- 7.3.1 Pathways to Health Inequities Among PLHAs and Internal Migrants -- 7.3.2 Reflections on the Nature of the Evidence-Base on Health Inequities Among PLHA, Migrants and Migrant PLHAs -- References -- 8 The Role of the Health System -- Abstract -- 8.1 The Health System and Health Inequities -- 8.1.1 Conceptual Framework for Viewing Health Systems -- 8.1.2 Effect of the Larger Global and National Turn to Neo-Liberal Governance on Health Systems -- 8.2 The Role of the Health System: A Summary of the Literature -- 8.2.1 Key Terms Used in the Literature -- 8.2.1.1 Access -- 8.2.1.2 Utilisation -- 8.2.1.3 Coverage of Services -- 8.2.2 Key Findings from the Literature Review -- 8.2.2.1 Inequities in Health System Utilisation -- 8.2.3 Differential Health Service Impacts on Consumers-in Terms of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) -- 8.2.4 Health System Design, Performance and Governance Issues -- 8.2.4.1 Structural Determinants of Health System Design, Performance and Governance-Macro-trends -- 8.2.4.2 Health System Design and Other Structural Factors -- 8.3 Critical Synthesis of the Evidence -- 8.3.1 Methodologies Used by Papers -- 8.3.2 A Critique of Underlying Concepts and Assumptions Used in the Literature -- 8.3.3 Mechanisms -- 8.3.4 What Emerges from the Above Reading of the Literature -- References -- 9 Health Equity Research: A Political Project -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 What Does the Evidence Tell Us About Inequities in Health in India and Its Drivers? -- 9.1.2 Limitations of the Current Evidence on Health Inequities in India
Content:
9.1.2.1 Predominant Reliance on Large-Scale Data Sets Collected for Purposes Other Than the Study of Disparity
Additional Edition:
9789811050886
Additional Edition:
Print version Ravindran, T. K. Sundari Health Inequities in India : A Synthesis of Recent Evidence Singapore : Springer,c2017 9789811050886
Language:
English
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