Format:
Online Ressource (11648 KB, 142 S.)
Edition:
1. Aufl.
ISBN:
3319110136
Series Statement:
Ecological Studies v.222
Content:
This study brings together decades of research on the modern natural environment of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, reviews past research on paleoenvironmental change since the Late Pleistocene, and finally presents paleoecological records of changing forest composition and fire over the last 14,000 years. The focus of this study is on the authors' studies of five pollen records from the Olympic Peninsula. Maps and other data graphics are used extensively. Paleoecology can effectively address some of these challenges we face in understanding the biotic response to climate change and other agents of change in ecosystems. First, species responses to climate change are mediated by changing disturbance regimes. Second, biotic hotspots today suggest a long-term maintenance of diversity in an area, and researchers approach the maintenance of diversity from a wide range and angles (CITE). Mountain regions may maintain biodiversity through significant climate change in 'refugia': locations where components of diversity retreat to and expand from during periods of unfavorable climate (Keppel et al., 2012). Paleoecological studies can describe the context for which biodiversity persisted through time climate refugia. Third, the paleoecological approach is especially suited for long-lived organisms. For example, a tree species that may typically reach reproductive sizes only after 50 years and remain fertile for 300 years, will experience only 30 to 200 generations since colonizing a location after Holocene warming about 11,000 years ago. Thus, by summarizing community change through multiple generations and natural disturbance events, paleoecological studies can examine the resilience of ecosystems to disturbances in the past, showing how many ecosystems recover quickly while others may not (Willis et al., 2010).
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
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Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Part I ; The Natural Environment and Biogeography of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington; Chapter-1; The Modern Landscape of the Olympic Peninsula; 1.1 Geography of the Olympic Peninsula and Olympic National Park; 1.2 Regional Climate on the Olympic Peninsula; 1.3 Indicators of Recent Climate Change on the Olympic Peninsula; 1.4 Vegetation Zones of the Olympic Peninsula and Climate Controls on Forest Vegetation; 1.4.1 Sitka Spruce Zone; 1.4.2 Western Hemlock Zone; 1.4.3 Pacific Silver Fir Zone; 1.4.4 Mountain Hemlock Zone; 1.4.5 Subalpine Fir Zone
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1.4.6 Douglas Fir Zone1.4.7 Subalpine Parkland Zone; 1.5 Natural Disturbance Regimes of the Olympic Peninsula; 1.5.1 Fire; 1.5.2 Wind; 1.5.3 Other Disturbance Agents; Chapter-2; Geology and Historical Biogeography of the Olympic Peninsula; 2.1 Late Cenozoic Geologic and Climatic History; 2.2 Endemism, Disjunction, and the Insular Nature of the Olympic Biota; Part II ; Postglacial Paleoclimate and Environmental Change on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington; Chapter-3; Postglacial Climate on the Olympic Peninsula; 3.1 Forcing Factors in the Climate System
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3.2 The Late Pleistocene and the Last Glacial Maximum: 〉 60-19 ka3.3 The Late-Glacial: 19-11.6 ka; 3.4 The Early Holocene: 11.6-6 ka; 3.5 The Middle-to-Late Holocene: 6 ka to Present; Chapter-4; Late Quaternary Vegetation and Fire History of the Olympic Peninsula; 4.1 Pioneering Studies; 4.2 The Late Pleistocene; 4.3 The Late-Glacial and Holocene; 4.4 Postglacial Vegetation and Fire at Five Sites on the Olympic Peninsula; 4.4.1 Study Sites; 4.4.2 Field and Laboratory Methods; 4.4.3 Sediment Stratigraphy and Chronology; 4.4.4 Late-Glacial: 14-11.6 ka; 4.4.5 Early Holocene: 11.6-6 ka
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4.4.6 Middle and Late Holocene: 6-0 ka4.4.7 Additional Late Holocene Paleovegetation Studies; 4.5 Regional Synthesis of Vegetation Changes in the Pacific Northwest; 4.5.1 Species Dominant During the Late-Glacial (14-11.6 ka): Pine, Spruce, Mountain Hemlock, and Poplar; 4.5.2 Species Dominant During the Early Holocene (11.6 to 6 ka): Douglas Fir, Oak, Alder, and Maple; 4.5.3 Species Dominant During the Middle to Late Holocene (6 ka to Present): True Firs, Western Hemlock, and Western Redcedar; 4.5.4 Alternative Approaches to Interpreting Postglacial Vegetation Change; Chapter-5
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Brief Review of the Archeological Record in a Context of Environmental Change5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Manis Mastodon Site (Late-Glacial Period); 5.3 Late Holocene Cultural Phases; Chapter-6; Insights and Future Research Needs; Appendix; Appendix A: Treatment of Pollen Data for Production of Regional Maps ; Literature; Index
Additional Edition:
3319110144
Additional Edition:
9783319110141
Additional Edition:
Print version Late Pleistocene and Holocene Environmental Change on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
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