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  • 1
    UID:
    (DE-627)894207970
    ISSN: 0970-8448
    In: Praj̄nȧn, Pune : National Institute of Bank Management, 1972, volume XLV (2017), number 4 (Januar/März), Seite 305-334, 0970-8448
    In: volume:45
    In: year:2017
    In: number:4
    In: month:01/03
    In: pages:305-334
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC] : Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
    UID:
    (DE-627)87568470X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IDB working paper series no. IDB-WP-764
    Content: Energy revenues represent roughly 45 percent of Trinidad and Tobago's GDP and are highly volatile since they are correlated with the price of oil and gas. Hence, sharp changes in energy prices, whether temporary or sustained, can have important consequences for economic growth and overall macroeconomic performance. After the 2014 crash in oil prices, a key challenge that emerged for policymakers in hydrocarbon-exporting countries is how to manage fiscal retrenchment in an environment of subdued growth. Using structural vector autoregression, this article examines three questions related to this challenge by focusing on Trinidad and Tobago: (1) what is the asymmetric effect of energy revenue shocks on macroeconomic performance, (2) what is the asymmetric effect of energy revenue shocks on government expenditure (disaggregated by categories), and (3) what is the effect of government expenditure shocks (disaggregated by categories) on economic growth. The results suggest that although positive energy revenue shock increases growth almost immediately, it is not sustained. A negative energy revenue shock is found to have a greater adverse effect on primary expenditure than a positive shock and this largely occurs through a reduction in capital expenditure. Transfers and subsidies, and goods and services are the most sensitive components of current expenditure to positive energy shocks. With respect to the effect of expenditure on growth, transfers and subsidies significantly reduce growth in the short run, whereas other categories of expenditure are found to have a largely positive effect on growth. These findings suggest three important implications for policymakers: the first is to reduce and or reorient public expenditure away from transfers and subsidies and towards more growth-enhancing areas; the second is the need for clear fiscal rules, and to more effectively balance the role of fiscal policy as a growth stimulus while also performing other social functions; and thirdly, these results bring into sharp focus the effectiveness of the rules of the country's stabilization fund to manage windfall energy revenues.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Ann Arbor, Mich. : Bell&Howell Information and Learning
    UID:
    (DE-627)311089607
    Format: XI, 147 S
    Note: New York, Alfred Univ., Ph. D. Thesis, 1993
    Language: English
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
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  • 4
    UID:
    (DE-627)1828123811
    ISBN: 9781108822107
    In: Constitution makers on constitution making, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2022, (2022), Seite 194-211, 9781108822107
    In: 9781108830324
    In: year:2022
    In: pages:194-211
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    (DE-627)1023930102
    ISSN: 2227-7099
    Content: Human capital, as reflected in education levels and skills, and innovation is an important engine of economic growth. The Caribbean is deficient in both: lower than expected GDP growth rates are accompanied by relatively low innovation at the firm level, and the workforce is characterised by skills deficiencies and educational mismatches. In that regard, this paper exploits firm-level data covering 13 Caribbean countries to examine the extent to which innovation, a key driver of productivity growth, is affected by firms’ inability to find appropriately educated and skilled workers to fill key positions in its organizational structure, which is estimated using Probit models distinguishing between past and future innovation decisions. The econometric analysis finds that firms that have difficulty finding new skilled employees are less likely to engage in any type of innovation compared to those that can, and this is also true for decisions about future technological and non-technological innovations. Moreover, firms that face challenges finding employees with the required core and job-related skills at the managerial and professional levels are also less likely to innovate. Finally, while in-firm training is found to increase the probability of innovation, its magnitude is low.
    In: Economies, Basel : MDPI, 2013, 6(2018), 2 vom: Juni, Seite 1-18, 2227-7099
    In: volume:6
    In: year:2018
    In: number:2
    In: month:06
    In: pages:1-18
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: 46
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  • 6
    UID:
    (DE-101)1024233081
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: neue Ausg.
    ISBN: 9783848435272
    Note: Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand angeboten
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC] : Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
    UID:
    (DE-627)1669330788
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IDB working paper series no. IDB-WP-1014
    Content: Many countries in the Caribbean have been grappling with persistent fiscal imbalances and rising debt levels. The average debt to GDP ratio in the Caribbean in 2017 was 76.6 percent, higher than the negative debt-growth threshold of 60 percent of GDP. Also, the average fiscal deficit as a percent of GDP was 2.8 percent, but with significant heterogeneity across countries ranging from 0.5 percent to 11 percent. Using the inter-temporal budget constraint framework and various panel data econometric estimators, this article examines the issue of fiscal sustainability for a group of 10 Caribbean countries over the period 1991-2017. The evidence from panel co-integration models of government revenue and expenditure shows that past fiscal behavior is “weakly” sustainable. The “weak sustainability” finding is reinforced by evidence from an extended fiscal reaction function which showed that the primary balance improves by about 0.02 for every 1 percentage point increase in the debt ratio.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: 46
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  • 8
    UID:
    (DE-627)605297185
    Format: graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 1608-6627
    In: Economic review, Kathmandu, 1987, 20(2008) vom: Apr., Seite 86-110, 1608-6627
    In: volume:20
    In: year:2008
    In: month:04
    In: pages:86-110
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC] : Inter-American Development Bank
    UID:
    (DE-627)1689005718
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
    Series Statement: IDB working paper series no. IDB-WP-01055
    Content: This paper provides long- and short-run tax buoyancy estimates for a group of 12 Caribbean countries over the period 1991-2017. Using panel regressions , the study found that the long- and short-run tax buoyancy estimates are statistically greater than one. However, the results vary by tax categories: with respect to indirect taxes, which accounts for almost 65 percent of total tax revenues, the buoyancy of the long-run coefficient is significantly less than 1 (0.35), while for direct taxes it is significantly greater than 1 (1.33). It also found that long-run tax buoyancy was lower in the post global financial crisis period. With respect to short-run buoyancy, corporate taxes and trade taxes are the most buoyant , while property taxes were found to be statistically insignificant. For taxes on goods on services, the single most important tax for most countries, both long- and short-run buoyancy is not significantly different from 1 .
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: 46
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Saarbrücken : LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
    UID:
    (DE-101)1070926191
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 9783659687341 , 3659687340
    Note: Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten
    Language: English
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