Format:
1 Online-Ressource (305 pages)
ISBN:
9781351446150
Content:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- PREFACE -- BIOGRAPHY -- Table of Contents -- 1: Introduction and General Principles -- 1.1 Fundamental Gas Laws -- 1.1.1 Ideal Gases -- 1.1.1.1 Pressure, Temperature, and Volume -- 1.1.1.2 Density -- 1.1.1.3 Concentration -- 1.1.2 Nonideal Gases -- 1.1.2.1 Atmospheric Pressure -- 1.1.2.2 High Pressure -- 1.2 Safety Considerations -- 1.3 Scientific Notation and Units of Measurement -- 2: Air Purification -- 2.1 Removal of Water Vapor -- 2.1.1 Solid Desiccants -- 2.1.1.1 Anhydrous Magnesium Perchlorate -- 2.1.1.2 Calcium Sulfate -- 2.1.1.3 Silica Gel -- 2.1.1.4 Activated Alumina -- 2.1.1.5 Molecular Sieve -- 2.1.2 Liquid Desiccants -- 2.1.3 Cooling -- 2.2 Removal of Particulates -- 2.3 Removal of Organic Vapors -- 2.4 Removal of Miscellaneous Contaminants -- 2.5 A Typical Laboratory Compressed-Air System -- References -- 3: Flow Rate and Volume Measurements -- 3.1 Primary Standards -- 3.1.1 Spirometers -- 3.1.2 Pitot Tubes -- 3.1.3 Frictionless Pistons -- 3.1.4 Syringe Drive Systems -- 3.1.5 Aspirator Bottles -- 3.2 Intermediate Standards -- 3.2.1 Wet Test Meters -- 3.2.2 Dry Gas Meters -- 3.3 Secondary Standards -- 3.3.1 Rotameters -- 3.3.2 Mass Flow Meters -- 3.3.3 Orifice Meters -- 3.3.4 Critical Orifices -- 3.3.5 Porous Plugs -- 3.3.6 Controlled Leaks -- 3.3.7 Miscellaneous Devices -- References -- 4: Static Systems for Producing Gas Mixtures -- 4.1 Systems at Atmospheric Pressure -- 4.1.1 Single Rigid Chambers -- 4.1.1.1 Sample Introduction -- 4.1.1.2 Gas Blenders -- 4.1.1.3 Miscellaneous Dispensers -- 4.1.1.4 Mixing Devices -- 4.1.1.5 Concentration Calculations -- 4.1.1.6 Volume Dilution Calculations -- 4.1.1.7 Discussion -- 4.1.2 Rigid Chambers in Series -- 4.1.3 Nonrigid Chambers -- 4.1.3.1 Sample Introduction -- 4.1.3.2 Sample Decay -- 4.2 Pressurized Systems -- 4.2.1 Gravimetric Methods
Content:
4.2.2 Partial Pressure Methods -- 4.2.3 Volumetric Methods -- 4.3 Partially Evacuated Systems -- Reference -- 5: Dynamic Systems for Producing Gas Mixtures -- 5.1 Gas Stream Mixing -- 5.1.1 Single Dilution -- 5.1.2 Double Dilution -- 5.2 Injection Methods -- 5.2.1 Liquid Reservoirs -- 5.2.2 Syringe Drive Systems -- 5.2.3 Liquid Pumps -- 5.2.4 Miscellaneous Injection Methods -- 5.2.4.1 Electrolytic Methods -- 5.2.4.2 Gravity Feed Methods -- 5.2.4.3 Liquid and Gas Pistons -- 5.2.4.4 Pulse Diluters -- 5.2.5 Injection Ports -- 5.2.6 Vaporization Techniques -- 5.2.7 The Ultimate System -- 5.2.8 Calculations -- 5.3 Diffusion Methods -- 5.4 Permeation Methods -- 5.4.1 Device Construction -- 5.4.2 Calibration -- 5.4.3 Calculations -- 5.4.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Evaporation Methods -- 5.6 Electrolytic Methods -- 5.7 Chemical Methods -- References -- 6: Specialized Systems -- 6.1 Ozone -- 6.1.1 Methods of Generation -- 6.1.2 Methods of Analysis -- 6.2 Nitrogen Dioxide -- 6.2.1 Static Systems -- 6.2.2 Dynamic Systems -- 6.3 Mercury -- 6.4 Hydrogen Cyanide -- 6.4.1 Static Systems -- 6.4.2 Dynamic Systems -- 6.5 Hydrogen Fluoride -- 6.6 Formaldehyde -- 6.7 Chlorine Dioxide -- 6.8 Bromine and Iodine -- 6.9 Humidity -- 6.9.1 Static Systems -- 6.9.2 Dynamic Systems -- 6.9.3 Calculations -- 6.9.4 Methods of Measurement -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Conversion Factors -- Appendix B: Atomic Weights and Numbers -- Appendix C: Values of the Molar Gas Constant -- Appendix D: Density of Dry Air -- Appendix E: Densities of Common Gases and Their Deviation from the Perfect Gas Law -- Appendix F: Diffusion Coefficients at 25°C and 760 mmHg in Air -- Appendix G: Constants for Vapor Pressure Calculations -- Appendix H: Vapor Pressures of Water at Various Temperatures -- Appendix I: Mass of Water Vapor in Saturated Air at 1 atm Pressure
Content:
Appendix J: Relative Humidity from Wet- and Dry-Bulb Thermometer Readings -- Appendix K: Gas Row Conversion Factors for Mass Flow Controllers -- Appendix L: Table of Atomic Volumes Used for Diffusion Coefficient Calculation -- Appendix M: Density of Dry Air as a Function of Altitude at 20oC -- Appendix N: Equilibrium Relative Humidity of Selected Saturated Salt Solutions -- Appendix O: Characteristics of Commercially Available Permeation Sources -- Appendix P: Cylinder Size and Capacities -- Appendix Q: Viscosity of Gases and Vapors -- Appendix R: Miran lA Operating Instructions -- Index
Additional Edition:
9780873712989
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Nelson, Gary Gas Mixtures : Preparation and Control Boca Raton : Routledge,c2018 9780873712989
Language:
English
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