Format:
1 Online-Ressource
,
illustrations
ISBN:
9781003299295
,
1003299296
,
9781000867640
,
1000867641
,
1000867609
,
9781000867602
Content:
The past three decades have witnessed the great success of lithium-ion batteries, especially in the areas of 3C products, electrical vehicles, and smart grid applications. However, further optimization of the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency, cycle life, charge speed, and environmental adaptability are still needed. To address these issues, a thorough understanding of the reaction inside a battery or dynamic evolution of each component is required. Microscopy and Microanalysis for Lithium-Ion Batteries discusses advanced analytical techniques that offer the capability of resolving the structure and chemistry at an atomic resolution to further drive lithium-ion battery research and development. Provides comprehensive techniques that probe the fundamentals of Li-ion batteries Covers the basic principles of the techniques involved as well as its application in battery research Describes details of experimental setups and procedure for successful experiments This reference is aimed at researchers, engineers, and scientists studying lithium-ion batteries including chemical, materials, and electrical engineers, as well as chemists and physicists
Note:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Editor -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Origin of Li-Ion Batteries -- 1.3 History of Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 1.3.1 Brief History -- 1.3.2 Basic Structure of Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 1.3.3 Beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 1.4 Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 1.4.1 Layered Cathodes -- 1.4.2 Spinel-Structured Cathode Materials -- 1.4.3 Polyanion Cathodes -- 1.4.4 Disordered Rock-Salt Cathodes -- 1.4.5 Conversion Cathode Materials -- 1.4.6 Sulfur and Oxygen -- 1.5 Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 1.5.1 Intercalation Anodes -- 1.5.1.1 Carbon-Based Materials -- 1.5.1.2 Insertion-Type Transition Metal Oxide Anodes -- 1.5.2 Alloying Anodes -- 1.5.2.1 Si and Si-Based Compounds -- 1.5.2.2 Tin (Sn) and Sn-Based Compounds -- 1.5.3 Conversion Anodes -- 1.5.4 Metallic Li Anode -- 1.6 Electrolytes -- 1.6.1 Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces -- 1.6.2 Organic Electrolytes -- 1.6.3 Aqueous Electrolytes -- 1.6.4 Ionic Liquids -- 1.6.5 Solid-State Electrolytes -- 1.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2 Electron Microscopy for Advanced Battery Research -- 2.1 Basic Principle of Electron Microscopy (EM) -- 2.1.1 Interaction Between Electron and Specimen -- 2.1.2 EM System: Guns, Lens, Aberrations, and Resolutions -- 2.1.2.1 Electron Guns -- 2.1.2.2 The Lens of EM -- 2.1.2.3 The Aberrations in the EM -- 2.1.2.4 The Resolutions of EM Imaging -- 2.1.3 General Information From EMs -- 2.1.3.1 Information From SEM -- 2.1.3.2 Information From TEM -- 2.1.3.3 Information From Electron Diffraction -- 2.1.3.4 Information From EDS -- 2.1.3.5 Information From EELS -- 2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 2.2.1 General Information From SEM for Battery Materials and Interfaces.
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2.2.2 In Situ/Operando SEM: Heating and Biasing -- 2.2.3 Advanced SEM Integrated with Other Techniques, Such as Raman and SIMS -- 2.3 Focused Ion Beam -- 2.3.1 FIB for Cross-Section Imaging -- 2.3.2 FIB for 3D Morphology -- 2.3.3 FIB for Preparing Thin Samples for TEM -- 2.3.4 Cryogenic FIB for Beam-Sensitive Samples -- 2.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -- 2.4.1 Introduction of High-Resolution TEM, STEM, Diffraction, and EELS -- 2.4.1.1 High-Resolution TEM -- 2.4.1.2 Scanning TEM -- 2.4.1.3 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy -- 2.4.2 Atomic Structure: Bulk, Surface Construction, Coating, Doping, and Phase Transitions -- 2.4.2.1 Bulk Structure -- 2.4.2.2 Surface Construction -- 2.4.2.3 Coating Methods -- 2.4.2.4 Doping Methods -- 2.4.3 In Situ/Operando TEM: Biasing, Mechanical, and Heating -- 2.4.4 Cryo-TEM for Beam-Sensitive Samples: Li Metal, Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), and Interfaces in Solid Batteries -- 2.5 Summary -- 2.5.1 Challenges and Issues Associated with the Higher Energy and Safer Batteries -- 2.5.2 Future Development of EMs -- References -- Chapter 3 Characterizing the Localized Electrochemical Phenomena in Li-Ion Batteries by Using SPM-Based Techniques -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Briefing Introduction of Relevant Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)-Based Techniques -- 3.2.1 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 3.2.2 Surface-Strain-Based SPM Techniques -- 3.2.2.1 Dual AC Resonance Tracking -- 3.2.2.2 Band Excitation Technique -- 3.2.3 Conductive AFM -- 3.2.4 SPM-Based Techniques for Characterizing Mechanical Properties -- 3.3 Characterization of Electrodes Materials for Li-Ion Battery -- 3.3.1 In Situ and Ex Situ SPM Characterization -- 3.3.2 Current-Based SPM -- 3.3.3 Electrochemical Strain Microscopy Techniques -- 3.3.4 Characterization of Local Mechanical Properties for Li-Ion Battery Materials.
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3.4 Characterization of Solid Electrolyte for Li-Ion Battery -- 3.5 Conclusion Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4 Atom Probe Tomography -- 4.1 APT Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries -- 4.2 Introduction to APT -- 4.2.1 Technology Roadmap -- 4.2.2 Laser Pulsing -- 4.2.3 Spatial Resolution and Chemical Sensitivity -- 4.2.4 Working Principles -- 4.2.4.1 Field Evaporation -- 4.2.4.2 Ion Detection -- 4.2.4.3 Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry -- 4.2.5 Tomographic Reconstruction -- 4.3 Specimen Preparation -- 4.3.1 FIB-Based Lift-Out Method for Large Particles -- 4.3.2 Edge to Center Specimen Preparation for Large Particles -- 4.3.3 Methodologies for Nanoparticles -- 4.3.4 Sharpening and Cleaning -- 4.3.4.1 Sharpening -- 4.3.4.2 Low-Energy Ion Beam Cleaning -- 4.3.5 Cryogenic Vacuum Transfer to Atom Probe -- 4.3.6 A Word on the Data Acquisition Conditions -- 4.3.6.1 Base Temperature Considerations -- 4.3.6.2 Detection Rate -- 4.3.6.3 Laser Pulsing -- 4.3.6.4 Summary -- 4.4 Case Studies -- 4.4.1 Layered NMC Cathode Materials -- 4.4.1.1 Experimental -- 4.4.1.2 Mass-to-Charge Spectrum -- 4.4.1.3 Compositional Analysis of NMC 622 -- 4.4.1.4 NMC622 & -- 811 Comparison -- 4.4.1.5 Li Distribution and Concentration Profiles -- 4.4.1.6 Interface Analysis of Primary Particles -- 4.4.1.7 Summary -- 4.4.2 Charge/Discharge Cycles -- 4.4.2.1 Li Migration and Transition Metal Loss -- 4.4.2.2 Evolution of Li Concentration Gradient -- 4.4.2.3 Summary -- 4.4.3 Spinel LiMn[sub(2)]O[sub(4)] Cathode Materials -- 4.4.3.1 Atomic Resolution -- 4.4.3.2 In Situ Li Deintercalation -- 4.4.3.3 Summary -- 4.5 Correlative and Combined Methods -- 4.6 Future Development -- 4.7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Lithium-Ion and Beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 5.1 Introduction.
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5.2 Operando Studies on Cathode Materials -- 5.3 Operando Studies on Anode Materials -- 5.4 Beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 5.4.1 Lithium-Sulfur Batteries -- 5.4.2 Sodium-Ion Batteries -- 5.5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 6 ICP-Based Techniques for LIBs Characterization -- 6.1 Basic Principles of ICP-Based Techniques -- 6.1.1 Sample Preparation and Introduction -- 6.1.2 Excitation and Ionization -- 6.1.3 Detection -- 6.1.3.1 ICP-OES -- 6.1.3.2 ICP-MS -- 6.2 ICP-MS and ICP-OES in LIB Research -- 6.2.1 Bulk Analysis -- 6.2.2 (Nano)-Particle Analysis -- 6.3 Combination with Laser Ablation (Surface Analysis) -- 6.3.1 Basic Principles and Background -- 6.3.2 Application -- 6.4 Combination with Chromatographic Techniques (Speciation Analysis) -- 6.4.1 Basic Principles and Background -- 6.4.2 Application -- 6.5 Summary and Outlook -- 6.5.1 Next-Generation Batteries -- 6.5.2 Outlook on Future Instrumentation -- References -- Chapter 7 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Principles of the Technique -- 7.2.1 Basic Phenomena -- 7.2.2 An Overview of Different Instruments -- 7.3 Challenges and Pitfalls of SIMS Characterization of LIBs -- 7.3.1 Matrix Effect -- 7.3.2 Sputtering Rate -- 7.3.3 Mass Spectrum Analysis -- 7.3.4 Mixing Effect -- 7.3.5 Lithium Mobility -- 7.3.6 Non-Planar Surface -- 7.3.7 Battery Sample Extraction and Transfer -- 7.4 Lithium Distribution Analysis -- 7.4.1 Isotopically Labeled Materials -- 7.4.2 ToF-SIMS FIB/SEM Multimodal Microscopy -- 7.4.3 Operando Measurements -- 7.5 Electrode Materials Characterization -- 7.5.1 The Composition of Electrodes -- 7.5.2 Coatings -- 7.5.3 Degradation Analysis -- 7.6 Formation of Solid Electrolyte Interface -- 7.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy: Atom to Micrometer -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Principle of NMR.
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8.3 NMR of Cathode Materials -- 8.4 NMR of Anode Materials -- 8.5 NMR of Electrolytes in Batteries -- 8.6 NMR of Solid Electrolyte Interface -- 8.7 Ex Situ and in Situ NMR -- 8.8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 8.9 Summary and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9 Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry for Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 9.1 A Brief History -- 9.1.1 Membrane Inlet -- 9.1.2 Carrier Gas Inlet -- 9.1.3 Leak Valve Inlet -- 9.2 Basic Knowledge and Experimental Setup -- 9.2.1 Electrochemical Cell -- 9.2.2 Carrier Gas Inlet System -- 9.2.3 Mass Spectrometer -- 9.2.4 Electrochemical Method -- 9.2.5 Data Analysis -- 9.3 Anode -- 9.3.1 Graphite -- 9.3.2 Lithium -- 9.3.3 Silicon -- 9.4 Cathode -- 9.4.1 Lattice Oxygen -- 9.4.2 Surface Impurity -- 9.4.3 Electrolyte Chemistry -- 9.5 Cross-Talk of Gas in Full Battery -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Thermal Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries -- 10.1 Fundamental Principles of Heat Transfer Analysis -- 10.1.1 Heat Transfer Mechanisms -- 10.1.1.1 Conduction Heat Transfer -- 10.1.1.2 Convection Heat Transfer -- 10.1.1.3 Radiation Heat Transfer -- 10.1.1.4 Multi-Mode Heat Transfer -- 10.1.2 Material Properties -- 10.1.3 Heat Transfer Analysis Methods -- 10.1.3.1 Analytical Methods -- 10.1.3.2 Numerical Methods -- 10.1.4 Coupling Between Heat Transfer and Other Physical Phenomena -- 10.2 Li-Ion Cell as a Thermal System -- 10.2.1 Heat Generation -- 10.2.2 Key Modes of Heat Transfer in a Cell -- 10.2.3 Boundary Conditions -- 10.2.4 Thermal Properties -- 10.2.5 Thermal Management -- 10.3 Modeling Frameworks and Governing Equations -- 10.3.1 0D Lumped Capacitance Models -- 10.3.2 Spatially Resolved Framework -- 10.4 Solution Methods for Governing Energy Equations -- 10.4.1 Analytical Heat Transfer Tools for Li-Ion Cells.
Additional Edition:
9781032289540
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Microscopy and microanalysis for lithium-ion batteries Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2023 9781032289526
Additional Edition:
9781032289540
Language:
English
Keywords:
Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator
;
Elektronenmikroskopie
;
Rastersondenmikroskopie
;
Atomsonde
;
Röntgendiffraktometrie
;
ICP
;
Sekundärionen-Massenspektrometrie
;
NMR-Spektroskopie
;
Differentielle elektrochemische Massenspektrometrie
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