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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of the UN Security Council in Its Peripheral Outlook in Maintaining Peace in Afghanistan (2022)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1840396687
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Content: The study has endeavored to expand the reach of the UN Security Council, both in size and in content. The UN, though often criticized, is an important and unique international body as a platform for diplomacy and debate. Whether UN Security Council can be improved through effective control by gigantic organizations? Whether UN Security Council has to work for its reinstatement of protection of world peace?The peace and security provisions of the Charter, which have the organization’s focus in the Security Council, were initially prepared and adopted under the influence of the League experience, the events leading up to World War II, and the experience of the war itself. The primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security is placed on the Security Council
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments September 16, 2022 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4221077
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cryptocurrencies : A Critical Analysis from the Perspective of Islamic Law (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1844998258
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Content: Money has undergone numerous form changes throughout history, and as a replacement for the current system, it has started to take on a digital form. The newest kind of money is a cryptocurrency, which was created decentralized from any central authority. The range of applications for cryptocurrency is expanding daily. One of the most widely used cryptocurrencies is bitcoin, which was launched in 2009, ruled the cryptocurrency market, and caught the attention of the general public with its quick price increase. Early in 2018, the cryptocurrency market was worth more than $800 billion. The majority of cryptocurrency users seek to benefit from rising cryptocurrency values. These actions, however, do not adhere to the principles of cryptocurrencies. In terms of Islamic law, cryptocurrencies also present issues with legitimacy for users who are Muslims (Fiqh). Some Islamic scholars believe that cryptocurrencies are halal, notwithstanding the claims of many religious organizations and Islamic experts that they are haram. Descriptive analysis and content analysis are used in this paper. The findings of this study suggest that using Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are forbidden in Islam. Islam prohibits consciously trying to make money off the difference between buying and selling currencies, as this is considered riba. Since it incorporates components of maisir (gambling). Our study uses current literature and fatwas to conduct a multidimensional analysis of the illegitimacy of cryptocurrencies in terms of Fiqh
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments September 4, 2022 erstellt , Volltext nicht verfügbar
    Language: English
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolution of WTO And Vis A Vis Intellectual Property Right Protection : A Deliberation on Afghanistan Legal System (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1845009290
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Content: The WTO is the most important international organization that governs world trade. Decisions are made by the member countries. The WTO has 164 members and 24 observer governments (most of which have applied for membership), and members represent over 98% of world trade. The highest-level decisions are made at the Ministerial Conference, which is the meeting of trade ministers from member countries. Since Afghanistan is one of the LDCs currently, the accession to WTO gives responsibilities and commitment to abide by the terms and conditions such as domestic reforms for transformation to a productive market economy, attracting investments and creating jobs and improving the welfare of Afghans. For the development of the economy, compliance with WTO is to be adhered to by Afghanistan which obliges the country to make trade policies transparent by notifying the WTO about laws in force and measures adopted. Since Afghanistan has gained accession to WTO and TRIPS agreement has had an impact on the copyrights, trademark, patent, Industrial design, utility model, integrated circuits, and geographical indication. However, the scheme of the present study is confined to assessing the impact of the WTO agreement and TRIPS agreement in Afghanistan
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments January 1, 2023 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4344003
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Legal Regime on Freedom of Speech and Expression with Special Reference to Sedition Law under India,the United Kingdom, and the United States Of America (2022)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1840397659
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Content: Freedom of speech and expression is considered the mother of all liberties as it has been recognized as an essence of a free & democratic society, as it is regarded as the first and foremost right in the process of individual self-development. Democracy is extolled because of the freedom of speech and expression present in it. This freedom has been accorded a supreme status in almost all the countries worldwide. The exercise of freedom of speech and expression can only be limited under the procedure established by law. Sedition laws are also among various restrictions that can be imposed to curtail free speech in the interest of public order. Sedition is not mentioned as one of the grounds on which restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression may be imposed. The Study has adopted a doctrinal method of Study and is limited to assessing the legal regime on freedom of speech and expression with special reference to sedition law in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America
    Note: In: International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) 2022 , Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments September 16, 2022 erstellt
    Language: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conceivable Commission of War Crime in Afghanistan (2022)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1834522013
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Content: War crimes are identified with violations of the law of war at the time of arm conflict. It is an extensive conception and if any harm is caused to mankind during peacetime, it is regarded as a war crime. Any kind of infringement of human rights falls under war crimes. The suffering of Afghans was ignored by the world for a couple of decades but what is not acceptable is Afghanistan's government is doing the same. Afghanistan does not have any substantial law on genocide. War crimes in Afghanistan included acts such as abuse of civilians or prisoners of war. It is important to deal with the problem of genocide and related violence. Hence, war crimes in Afghanistan are violations of international humanitarian laws incurring individual criminal responsibility and must be adequately investigated
    Note: In: Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research | ISSN: 2582-8878 Volume IV Issue III , Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments June 15, 2022 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4137609
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intellectual Property Rights Protection : A Bird's-Eye View in Afghanistan (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1845193466
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Content: The study aims to analyse and identify the loopholes in trade and IPR in Afghanistan. Hence the study shall be doctrinal research. Under doctrinal research, a blend of the following techniques has been used to achieve the research objectives. The data and information for the study shall be based on primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data will be obtained from the Afghanistan constitution and statutory laws, WTO and TRIPS Agreement; secondary data will be obtained from research papers, journals, magazines, websites and annual publications of the UN, WTO and TRIPS Council. The scheme of the present is limited to highlighting the IPR and trade status of Afghanistan before August 2021
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 9, 2023 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4352807
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Plant Varieties Genetic Resources in Afghanistan (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1845194500
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Content: The study explains in particular the different forms of legal protection required by international IPR agreements, including the system of plant breeders' rights in the 1978 and 1991 UPOV Acts, the choice between patent and sui generis protection created by article 27.3(b) of the TRIPs Agreement and the impact of so-called "TRIPs plus" bilateral and regional treaties. It analyses the alternatives available to a state depending upon the different IPR treaties it has ratified. Each of these treaties grants national governments a different level of discretion to choose how to protect plant varieties as a form of intellectual property. Once a government has consulted this study to determine the degree of discretion it enjoys as a result of its treaty ratifications, it can then review those portions of the study that identify the mechanisms that it may adopt, consistent with its international obligations, to balance the protection of IPRs against other societal objectives. Governments interested in retaining discretion would be advised to monitor and participate in these negotiations, with a view to harmonizing their international obligations, thereby avoiding the necessity of turning to international tribunals to settle their disputes
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 7, 2023 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4351915
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intellectual Property Rights for Life Forms : A Legal Discourse to Indian Legal Framework (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1845193482
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Content: This article attempts to define and analyses the various legal regimes governing intellectual property rights in the protection of life forms, the patent on life forms, and plant varieties and sets forth regulatory options for national governments to protect plant varieties while achieving other public policy objectives relating to plant genetic resources. A patent can be understood as an IPR relating to inventions and is the grant of exclusive right, for a limited period, provided by the Government to the patentee, in exchange for full disclosure of his invention, for excluding others, from making, using, selling, importing the patented product or process producing that product for those purposes. It also identifies the international institutions and intergovernmental organizations that regulate intellectual property rights in plant varieties and plant genetic resources generally and describes the core obligations outlined in international intellectual property agreements
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 8, 2023 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4352051
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Status of Video Game under the USA and Indian Copyright (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1845008138
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Content: The intricacy and segmentation of video games, as well as specific issues with a particular video like trademark registration and directly protected content like sound effects, cause a variety of legal difficulties and challenges for the IPR system. Video game legal protection is a highly complicated issue right now. Despite the fact that video games are covered by copyright protection by Berne Convention Article 2. In accordance with national laws of the member states, video games are likewise protected; this is necessary in the age of innovation and technology. These days' video games have audiovisual aspects and software that work with various game mechanics. Licensed innovation regulations like copyright are particularly challenged by video games. This section of the essay examines how courts use the conventional copyright laws as they relate to video games. The notion that video games could be intellectual property is the sole issue with them. Players of video games view the games as creative works of art and use all of their imaginations while playing. Players' uniqueness and aggressiveness are off-balanced by the ability to play another person's game as though it were their own in video games
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 02, 2023 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4358043
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Critical Analysis of Patent on the Life Forms (2023)
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1845193474
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Content: This article describes and analyses the various legal regimes governing intellectual property rights in the protection of life forms, the patent on life forms, and plant varieties and sets forth regulatory options for national governments to protect plant varieties while achieving other public policy objectives relating to plant genetic resources. A patent can be understood as an IPR relating to inventions and is the grant of exclusive right, for a limited period, provided by the Government to the patentee, in exchange of full disclosure of his invention, for excluding others, from making, using, selling, importing the patented product or process producing that product for those purposes
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 7, 2023 erstellt
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4352281
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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