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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immigrant versus Natives? : Displacement and Job Creation (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266333
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Content: The impact of immigration on native workers is driven by two countervailing forces: the degree of substitutability between natives and immigrants, and the increased demand for native workers as immigrants reduce the cost of production and output expands. The literature so far has focused on the former substitution effect, while ignoring the latter scale effect. This paper estimates both of these effects using labor force survey data from Malaysia (1990-2010), a country uniquely suited for understanding the impact of low-skilled immigration. The instrumental variable estimates imply that the elasticity of labor demand (3.4) is greater than the elasticity of substitution between natives and immigrants (2.5). On average the scale effect outweighs the substitution effect. For every ten additional immigrants, employment of native workers increases by 4.1 in a local labor market. These large reallocation effects are accompanied by negligible relative wage changes. At the national level, a 10 percent increase in immigrants, equivalent to 1 percent increase in labor force, has a small positive effect on native wages (0.14 percent). The impact of immigration is highly heterogeneous for natives with different levels of education, resulting in substantial changes in skill premiums and hence inequality. Immigrants on net displace natives with at most primary education; while primarily benefiting those with a little more education, lower secondary or completed secondary education
    Additional Edition: Özden, Çaglar Immigrant versus Natives?
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6900
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Where on Earth is Everybody : The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960-2000 (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265147
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Content: Global matrices of bilateral migrant stocks spanning 1960-2000 are presented, disaggregated by gender and based primarily on the foreign-born definition of migrants. More than one thousand census and population register records are combined to construct decennial matrices corresponding to the five census rounds between 1960 and 2000. For the first time, a comprehensive picture of bilateral global migration over the second half of the 20th century emerges. The data reveal that the global migrant stock increased from 92 million in 1960 to 165 million in 2000. Quantitatively, migration between developing countries dominates, constituting half of all international migration in 2000. When the partition of India and the dissolution of the Soviet Union are accounted for, migration between developing countries is remarkably stable over the period. Migration from developing to developed countries is the fastest growing component of international migration in both absolute and relative terms. The United States has remained the most important migrant destination in the world, home to one fifth of the world's migrants and the top destination for migrants from some 60 sending countries. Migration to Western Europe has come largely from elsewhere in Europe. The oil-rich Persian Gulf countries emerge as important destinations for migrants from the Middle East and North Africa and South and Southeast Asia. Finally, although the global migrant stock is predominantly male, the proportion of female migrants increased noticeably between 1960 and 2000. The number of women rose in every region except South Asia
    Additional Edition: Özden, Çaglar Where on Earth is Everybody
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5709
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Geopolitical interests and preferential access to U.S. markets (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618136
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Edition: Also available in print.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3531
    Content: "The United States imports around 25 percent of its merchandise under some form of preferential trade regime. The authors examine both the origins and consequences of U.S. trade preferences in the context of the gravity model of international trade. First, they provide estimates of the impact of preferential trade regimes in terms of access to U.S. markets while controlling for geo-strategic interests that determine the countries that are offered commercial preferences. Second, the authors consider not only country eligibility but also the extent of utilization of these programs. Third, they provide new estimates of the impact of transport and transactions costs beyond distance. In the standard gravity estimation, the authors find that beneficiaries of these preferences, except GSP, export 2-3 times more than the excluded countries, after controlling for country and product characteristics. Nonetheless, the estimated effects of these programs are lower when controlling for utilization ratios and selection biases due to the correlation between geopolitical interests and the standard explanatory variables used in the gravity model of trade, such as countries' geographic distance from the United States. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/6/2005 , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:[2005] , Weitere Ausgabe: Lederman, Daniel: Geopolitical interests and preferential access to U.S. markets
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Lederman, Daniel, 1968- Geopolitical interests and preferential access to U.S. markets 2005
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Price effects of preferential market access : / the Caribbean Basin Initiative and the apparel sector (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040617851
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Edition: Also available in print.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3244
    Note: "March 17, 2004. - Includes bibliographical references. - Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:[2004] , Weitere Ausgabe: ozden, çaglar : Price effects of preferential market access
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Özden, Çağlar Price effects of preferential market access 2004
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The perversity of preferences : the generalized system of preferences and developing country trade policies (2003)
    Washington, D.C : Trade, Development Research Group, World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040617589
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Edition: Also available in print.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2955
    Note: "January 13, 2003. - Includes bibliographical references. - Title from title screen as viewed on January 29, 2003 , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:[2003]
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Özden, Çağlar The perversity of preferences 2003
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618651
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: While there exists sizeable literature documenting the importance of ethnic networks for international trade, little attention has been devoted to studying the effects of networks on foreign direct investment (FDI). The existence of ethnic networks may positively affect FDI by promoting information flows across international borders and by serving as a contract enforcement mechanism. This paper investigates the link between the presence of migrants in the United States and U.S. FDI in the migrants' countries of origin, taking into account the potential endogeneity concerns. The results suggest that U.S. FDI abroad is positively correlated with the presence of migrants from the host country. The data further indicate that the relationship between FDI and migration is driven by the presence of migrants with a college education
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Javorcik, Beata S: Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Javorcik, Beata K. Smarzynska, 1971- Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment 2006
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration And Remittances : Causes And Linkages (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618692
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: The authors empirically examine the determinants of remittance flows at the cross-country level. They consider, among other things, the significance of the level of migration, the education level of migrants, and financial sector development in determining remittances. Given the potential endogeneity problems, the migration and financial development variables are instrumented in the estimation. They find that the migration level is the main driver of remittance flows, even after controlling for the endogeneity bias through instrumental variable estimation. The authors also find that the education level of migrants relative to the population in home countries, the size of the economy, and the level of economic development of recipient countries adversely affect remittance flows. While they find the effect of financial sector development to be positive, its significance is not strongly supported in their analysis
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Niimi, Yoko Migration And Remittances 2006
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    Author information: Niimi, Yoko
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brain Waste? : Educated Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618186
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Mattoo, Aaditya : Brain Waste?
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Mattoo, Aaditya, 1961- Brain Waste? 2005
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    Author information: Mattoo, Aaditya 1961-
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Loss aversion and trade policy (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040617991
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Edition: Also available in print.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3385
    Content: "Freund and Ozden provide new survey evidence showing that loss aversion and reference dependence are important in shaping people's perception of trade policy. Under the assumption that agents' welfare functions exhibit these behavioral elements, they analyze a model with a welfare-maximizing government and with the lobbying framework of Grossman and Helpman (1994). The policy implications of the augmented models differ in three important ways: There is a region of compensating protection, where a decline in the world price leads to an offsetting increase in protection, such that a constant domestic price is maintained; Protection following a single negative price shock will be persistent; Irrespective of the extent of lobbying, there will be a deviation from free trade that tends to favor loss-making industries. The augmented models are more consistent with the observed structure of protection and, in particular explain why many trade policy instruments are explicitly designed to maintain prices at a given level. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze trade policy formulation"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:[2004] , Weitere Ausgabe: Freund, Caroline L: Loss aversion and trade policy
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Freund, Caroline L. Loss aversion and trade policy 2004
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade preferences and differential treatment of developing countries (2006)
    Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618171
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xlii, 580 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    ISBN: 1843766353 , 9781843766353
    Series Statement: An Elgar reference collection 11
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c2006
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Trade preferences and differential treatment of developing countries 2006
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    Author information: Hoekman, Bernard M. 1959-
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