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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors Affecting Levels of International Cooperation in Carbon Abatement Projects / (2008)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9949269793702882
    Format: 1 online resource (40 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The Clean Development Mechanism, a provision of The Kyoto Protocol, allows countries that have pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to gain credit toward their treaty obligations by investing in projects located in developing (host) countries. Such projects are expected to benefit both parties by providing low-cost abatement opportunities for the investor-country, while facilitating capital and technology flows to the host country. This paper analyzes the Clean Development Mechanism market, emphasizing the cooperation aspects between host and investor countries. The analysis uses a dichotomous (yes/no) variable and three continuous variants to measure the level of cooperation, namely the number of joint projects, the volume of carbon dioxide abatement, and the volume of investment in the projects. The results suggest that economic development, institutional development, the energy structure of the economies, the level of country vulnerability to various climate change effects, and the state of international relations between the host and investor countries are good predictors of the level of cooperation in Clean Development Mechanism projects. The main policy conclusions include the importance of simplifying the project regulation/clearance cycle; improving the governance structure host and investor countries; and strengthening trade or other long-term economic activities that engage the countries.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4786
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    HU Berlin
    FU Berlin
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A financing facility for low-carbon development / (2010)
    Washington, D.C. :World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958120960802883
    Format: xi, 39 pages : , illustrations ; , 26 cm.
    ISBN: 1-282-81894-5 , 9786612818943 , 0-8213-8525-9
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper ; no. 203
    Content: This paper proposes an innovative financing mechanism, known as the Low Carbon Development Facility (LCDF) that would bring additional investment financing at concessional rates to unlock low carbon development projects in non-Annex 1 countries, increasing project-based emissions avoidance in these countries.The LCDF could be a modality of the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund to implement the financial pledges made by Annex 1 countries as a result of Copenhagen and post-COP15 negotiations to support projects, programs, policies and/or other activities in developing countries related to NAMAs. LCD
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Executive Summary; 1. Introduction; 2. Meeting the Mitigation Challenge: The Decisive Participation of Developing Countries; 3. Call for New Financing Mechanisms; 4. The Proposed Low-Carbon Development Facility; 5. Building on the Kyoto Instruments: Attracting and Monitoring a Large Portfolio of Low-Carbon Development Projects; 6. Coordination with Carbon Markets: Complementarities of the LCDF and CDM; 7. Conclusion; References; Appendixes; Back Cover , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-8521-6
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8521-0
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    HU Berlin
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to Keep Momentum Up in Carbon Markets? (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048267822
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: This note examines how to maximize the benefits from the use of market instruments in support of developing countries' low-emission development priorities. First, it briefly surveys the current state and trends of the carbon market, highlighting the main achievements of carbon finance over its decade-long history. Second, it reviews updated scenarios of the scale of future carbon markets and associated financial flows, in light of developments in climate negotiations and domestic markets. Finally, it identifies the necessary steps to scale up carbon market flows in future, on both the demand and supply sides, including the reform of existing mechanisms, and innovation to broaden the scope, scale and reach of carbon markets. The most important determinant of carbon offset market flows to developing countries is clearly the level of international mitigation targets: the more ambitious the targets the greater the scope for such flows. Developed countries can also encourage flows by increasing supplementary limits, which are the proportion of mitigation targets that can be met by purchases from developing countries. Finally, there remains a considerable need for innovation, awareness-raising and capacity building in public and private institutions in developing countries, to increase their participation in the carbon market and build and enabling environment for low-emission development
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/27093
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors Affecting Levels of International Cooperation In Carbon Abatement Projects (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049073835
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: The Clean Development Mechanism, a provision of The Kyoto Protocol, allows countries that have pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to gain credit toward their treaty obligations by investing in projects located in developing (host) countries. Such projects are expected to benefit both parties by providing low-cost abatement opportunities for the investor-country, while facilitating capital and technology flows to the host country. This paper analyzes the Clean Development Mechanism market, emphasizing the cooperation aspects between host and investor countries. The analysis uses a dichotomous (yes/no) variable and three continuous variants to measure the level of cooperation, namely the number of joint projects, the volume of carbon dioxide abatement, and the volume of investment in the projects. The results suggest that economic development, institutional development, the energy structure of the economies, the level of country vulnerability to various climate change effects, and the state of international relations between the host and investor countries are good predictors of the level of cooperation in Clean Development Mechanism projects. The main policy conclusions include the importance of simplifying the project regulation/clearance cycle; improving the governance structure host and investor countries; and strengthening trade or other long-term economic activities that engage the countries
    Additional Edition: Dinar, Ariel Factors Affecting Levels of International Cooperation In Carbon Abatement Projects
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to Keep Momentum Up in Carbon Markets? / (2011)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9960787001302883
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: This note examines how to maximize the benefits from the use of market instruments in support of developing countries' low-emission development priorities. First, it briefly surveys the current state and trends of the carbon market, highlighting the main achievements of carbon finance over its decade-long history. Second, it reviews updated scenarios of the scale of future carbon markets and associated financial flows, in light of developments in climate negotiations and domestic markets. Finally, it identifies the necessary steps to scale up carbon market flows in future, on both the demand and supply sides, including the reform of existing mechanisms, and innovation to broaden the scope, scale and reach of carbon markets. The most important determinant of carbon offset market flows to developing countries is clearly the level of international mitigation targets: the more ambitious the targets the greater the scope for such flows. Developed countries can also encourage flows by increasing supplementary limits, which are the proportion of mitigation targets that can be met by purchases from developing countries. Finally, there remains a considerable need for innovation, awareness-raising and capacity building in public and private institutions in developing countries, to increase their participation in the carbon market and build and enabling environment for low-emission development.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/27093
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    Charité
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to Keep Momentum Up in Carbon Markets? / (2011)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9960787001302883
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: This note examines how to maximize the benefits from the use of market instruments in support of developing countries' low-emission development priorities. First, it briefly surveys the current state and trends of the carbon market, highlighting the main achievements of carbon finance over its decade-long history. Second, it reviews updated scenarios of the scale of future carbon markets and associated financial flows, in light of developments in climate negotiations and domestic markets. Finally, it identifies the necessary steps to scale up carbon market flows in future, on both the demand and supply sides, including the reform of existing mechanisms, and innovation to broaden the scope, scale and reach of carbon markets. The most important determinant of carbon offset market flows to developing countries is clearly the level of international mitigation targets: the more ambitious the targets the greater the scope for such flows. Developed countries can also encourage flows by increasing supplementary limits, which are the proportion of mitigation targets that can be met by purchases from developing countries. Finally, there remains a considerable need for innovation, awareness-raising and capacity building in public and private institutions in developing countries, to increase their participation in the carbon market and build and enabling environment for low-emission development.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/27093
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    Online Resource
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    Charité
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beyond the Stern Review : Lessons from a Risky Venture at the Limits of the Cost-Benefit Analysis: Commentary (2009)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1017859361
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: This paper argues that debates amongst economists triggered by the Stern Review are partly relevant, focusing on key parameters translating real ethical issues, and partly misplaced in that they do not consider enough other determinants of climate change damages: i) the specifications of the utility function used for the assessments (preference for the environment, preference for smooth growth paths), ii) the interplay between uncertainty and the sequentiality of the decision, and iii) whether the growth engines behind the integrated assessment models can account for transient disequilibrium and sub-optimality. We derive some suggestions for any future research agenda in integrated assessment modelling, whatever the position of the analysts about the relevance of the intertemporal optimisation framework and the Bayesian approach to uncertainty in the climate affair.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2011 (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797590242
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: After five consecutive years of robust growth, the total value of the global carbon market stalled at $142 billion. Suffering from the lack of post-2012 regulatory clarity, the value of the primary Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market fell by double-digits for the third year in a row, ending lower than it was in 2005, the first year of the Kyoto protocol. The Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) and the United States Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) markets shrank as well. As these segments declined, the dominance of the European Union Allowances (EUAs) market became more pronounced than ever and the share of the carbon market primarily driven by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) rose to 97 percent, dwarfing the remaining segments of the market. The carbon market growth halted at a particularly inopportune time: 2010 proved to be the hottest on record, while emission levels continued their seemingly inexorable rise. In the end, however, the year may be remembered most for the political opportunities that arose, yet were ultimately failed to materialize in the United States, Japan, Australia, and the Republic of Korea. While the international regulatory environment remains uncertain, national and local initiatives have noticeably picked up and may offer the potential to collectively overcome the international regulatory gap. These initiatives signal that, one way or another, solutions that address the climate challenge will emerge.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2010 (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797590250
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: The carbon market endured its most challenging year to date in 2009. The global economic crisis, which started in late 2008 and intensified early in 2009, negatively impacted both the demand and supply sides of the market. As industrial output plummeted the demand for carbon assets fell. Yet even as global GDP declined by 0.6 percent in 2009, and at a more perilous rate of 3.2 percent in industrialized economies, the carbon market demonstrated resilience. The total value of the market grew 6 percent to US$144 billion ( 103 billion) by year s end with 8.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) trade.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2007 (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797590293
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: This report points out that there is a tendency to believe that the carbon market is somehow a magic bullet that will alone save the world from global warming. While the authors recognize the enormous strength and potential of the market to achieve results, it would be wise not to assume the market will provide a painless, magical way to mitigate climate change. First, the market does not set the level of a cap, policy-makers do. The market can only be a tool to help achieve that target. It cannot be a surrogate for a target and policy makes should not expect to be let off the hook from their jobs - making sensible policy. Second, policy makers need to set targets and support mechanisms that meet two massive challenges. They have the responsibility of taking into account the risks of climate change, especially on the poorest, as well as the opportunity of expanding clean development choices to meet the basic needs and aspirations of billions worldwide, many without access to electricity or clean water. Third, there is no free lunch. The exuberance of creating value - and enormous wealth - in a new market should not mask the fact that there are costs for mitigation. Fourth, the integrity of a market rests on the clarity and simplicity of its rules, the transparency of information and on institutions that guard against fraud and manipulation. Fifth, it is not fair to expect "cap-and-trade" or emissions trading to work in all sectors globally; clearly, housing and transport are sectors that do not lend themselves easily to an elegant emissions cap-and-trade approach. There may be other policies - including other market-based approaches or removal of subsidies - that may be more suitable in some contexts. Finally, a solution to urgent problem of the climate change problem will require sustained effort by all of us. Markets can, to a certain extent, accommodate the appetite that individuals and companies in Europe, Japan, North America, Australia and beyond have for carbon emission reductions that go well beyond what their law makers require of them. This high-potential voluntary segment, however, lacks a generally acceptable standard, which remains a significant reputation risk not only to its own prospects, but also to the rest of the market, including the segments of regulated emissions trading and project offsets.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
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