UID:
almafu_9959833878802883
Format:
1 online resource (344 pages)
ISBN:
1-4648-1599-2
Series Statement:
World Bank e-Library.
Content:
The State of Economic Inclusion Report 2021 sheds light on one of the most intractable challenges faced by development policy makers and practitioners: transforming the economic lives of the world's poorest and most vulnerable people. Economic inclusion programs are a bundle of coordinated, multidimensional interventions that support individuals, households, and communities so they can raise their incomes and build their assets. Programs targeting the extreme poor and vulnerable groups are now under way in 75 countries. This report presents data and evidence from 219 of these programs, which are reaching over 90 million beneficiaries. Governments now lead the scale-up of economic inclusion interventions, often building on preexisting national programs such as safety nets, livelihoods and jobs, and financial inclusion, and 93 percent of the total beneficiaries are covered by government programs. The report offers four important contributions: -- A detailed analysis of the nature of these programs, the people living in extreme poverty and vulnerability whom they support, and the organizational challenges and opportunities inherent in designing and leading them. -- An evidence review of 80 quantitative and qualitative evaluations of economic inclusion programs in 37 countries. -- The first multicountry costing study including both government-led and other economic inclusion programs, indicating that programs show potential for cost efficiencies when integrated into national systems. -- Four detailed case studies featuring programs under way in Bangladesh, India, Peru, and the Sahel, which highlight the programmatic and institutional adaptations required to scale in quite diverse contexts. Data from the report are available on the PEI Data Portal (http://www.peiglobal.org), where users can explore and submit data to build on this baseline.
Note:
Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Great Expectations and Some Skepticism -- Major Contributions of The State of Economic Inclusion Report 2021 -- Transforming the Lives of the Extreme Poor and Vulnerable: A Framework -- Ten Key Findings -- Future Directions -- Notes -- PART A Moving to Scale: Concepts, Practice, and Evidence -- Chapter 1 Economic Inclusion: A Framework -- Introduction -- A Story of Great Expectations . . . -- . . . and Some Skepticism -- A Framework to Transform Economic Lives -- Goal and Outcomes -- Context and Response: Customizing to Local Settings -- Entry Points and Adaptations: Moving to Scale -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 1 Economic Inclusion and COVID-19 Recovery -- Chapter 2 Moving to Scale: Political Realities and Entry Points -- Introduction -- Program Adoption and Scale-Up: Political Realities -- Trade-Offs in Shaping Program Design and Implementation -- Entry Points to Scale -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 A Surge in Economic Inclusion Programming Worldwide -- A Snapshot in Time -- The Current Reach of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Target Populations -- Program Components -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 2 Promoting Women's Empowerment through Economic Inclusion -- Chapter 4 Moving to Scale through Government-led Programs -- Introduction -- Programmatic Adaptations to Scale -- Institutional Adaptations to Scale -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 3 Linking Economic Inclusion and Markets for the Poorest -- Chapter 5 An Assessment of Program Impacts -- Introduction -- Review of the Impact Literature: Method, Sample, and Caveats -- Evidence of Overall Impact -- Factors That Mediate Impact -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References.
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Chapter 6 Assessing the Cost of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Introduction -- The PEI Quick Costing Tool 2020 -- Overall Cost of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Bundling of Interventions and Complexity -- Component Dosage and Adequacy -- Implementation Costs -- Assessing Cost Effectiveness and Exploring Cost Optimization Strategies -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- PART B Case Studies -- Case Study 1 Productive Inclusion Measures and Adaptive Social Protection in the Sahel -- Case Study 2 The State of Bihar's Approach to Economic Inclusion: JEEViKA and the SJY Program -- Case Study 3 Adapting BRAC's Graduation Program to the Changing Poverty Context in Bangladesh -- Case Study 4 Haku Wiñay: An Economic Inclusion Program in Peru -- Appendix A Survey Methodology -- Appendix B Review of Program Impact -- Appendix C Economic Inclusion Program Costing Survey Methodology and Analysis -- Appendix D Economic Inclusion Programs Mapped Globally -- Appendix E Components of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Glossary -- Boxes -- Box O.1 Learning by Doing: Four Case Studies -- Box 1.1 Defining Terms: What We Mean by Economic Inclusion and Scale -- Box 1.2 Megatrends Driving the Future Direction of Economic Inclusion at the Country Level -- Box 2.1 Building on and Graduating from the Graduation Approach -- Box 3.1 Partnership for Economic Inclusion Landscape Survey 2020 -- Box 3.2 Economic Inclusion in Fragile and Displacement Contexts -- Box 3.3 Identifying and Customizing Entrepreneurship Support -- Box 3.4 People with Disabilities -- Box 3.5 Coaching at Scale -- Box S2.1 Assimilating the Evidence on Gender and Economic Inclusion Programs -- Box 4.1 Estimating Coverage of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Box 4.2 Beyond Direct Delivery: NGOs as Catalyzers for Scale -- Box S3.1 Economic Inclusion in the Rice Value Chain: A Pilot Project in Côte d'Ivoire.
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Box S3.2 Strengthening Environmental and Natural Resource Links -- Box 5.1 Gaps in the Evidence and Challenges in Making Comparative Statements -- Box 5.2 Achieving Economic Inclusion in FCV Settings -- Box 5.3 Spillover Impact on Communities and the Local Economy -- Box 6.1 Complications and Limitations of the PEI Quick Costing Tool 2020 -- Box 6.2 Economic Inclusion Program Costs in the Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program (SASPP) -- Box 6.3 Innovative Mechanisms to Optimize on Costs -- Box CS1.1 The Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program Funding -- Box CS1.2 Girls in Burkina Faso: Less Likely to Attend School, with Implications for Future Income -- Box CS1.3 Overview of Productive Inclusion Measures in the Sahel -- Box CS1.4 Characteristics of the Village Savings and Loan Association Model -- Box CS1.5 Providing Technical Assistance for Implementation through Government Systems by Partnering with External Institutions -- Box CS1.6 Niger, Where Beneficiaries Continue to Work with Coaches after Project Conclusion -- Box CS2.1 SJY at a Glance: Key Scale-Up Components (and Variations from the Pilot) -- Box CS2.2 SJY: Key Roles and Funders -- Box CS3.1 Political and Policy Drivers of BRAC's Graduation Programming -- Box CS3.2 Overview of the BRAC Ultra Poor Graduation Program (2017 Onward) -- Box CS3.3 Selection Criteria, Ultra-Poor Graduation Program, 2017 -- Box CS4.1 Haku Wiñay's Components and Accompanying Productive Assets and Technologies -- Box CS4.2 Gender Dimensions of Haku Wiñay -- Figures -- Figure O.1 Percent Distribution of Economic Inclusion Programs and Beneficiaries by Region, Lead Institution, and Entry Point -- Figure O.2 Pathways to Economic Inclusion at Scale: A Framework -- Figure O.3 Distribution of Studies Reporting on Specific Outcomes, by Lead Agency.
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Figure O.4 Largest Cost Component as a Percentage of Total Cost, Selected Programs -- Figure 1.1 Pathways to Economic Inclusion at Scale: A Framework -- Figure 1.2 Global Extreme Poverty by Region (1990-2030) and the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis -- Figure 1.3 Overcoming Constraints to Economic Inclusion: Four Domains -- Figure 2.1 Distribution of Entry Points to Scale: Among Programs Overall, Government-Led Programs, and Nongovernment-Led Programs -- Figure 2.2 Distribution of Secondary Entry Points, Showing Cross-Cutting Role of Financial Inclusion -- Figure 3.1 Percent Distribution of Economic Inclusion Programs and Beneficiaries by Region, Lead Institution, and Entry Point -- Figure 3.2 Main Program Objectives Overall and by Their Entry Points to Scale -- Figure 3.3 Percentage of All Programs with a Presence in Rural, Urban, and Peri-Urban Areas -- Figure 3.4 Climate Change Mitigation and Resilience: Percentage of Programs That Have Either of These as a Main Objective, by Geographic Region -- Figure 3.5 Targeting of the Ultrapoor, Extreme Poor, Poor, and Others: Percentage of Programs Overall and by Lead Institution Type -- Figure 3.6 Population Groups Targeted: Percentage of Programs Overall and by Lead Institution -- Figure 3.7 Distribution of Nongovernment- and Government-Led Programs, by Number of Components -- Figure 3.8 Economic Inclusion Components Provided in Sequence and for up to Three Years -- Figure 3.9 Various Program Components of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Figure 3.10 Distribution of Modalities Used by Programs for Transfers, by Point of Entry -- Figure 4.1 Distribution of Program Coverage Rates by Share of Population -- Figure 4.2 Percentage of Government-Led Programs Where the Lead Government Agency Plays Selected Roles.
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Figure 4.3 Digital Technology: Percentage of Government-Led Programs Using Digital Technology for Program Management and Delivery -- Figure 4.4 Percentage of Program Components Implemented through Community Groups or Structures -- Figure 5.1 Distribution of Reviewed Programs -- Figure 5.2 Distribution of Studies Reporting on Specific Outcomes, by Lead Agency -- Figure 5.3 Summary of Evidence on Overall Impact -- Figure 5.4 Comprehensive Package Showing Larger and More Sustained Impact Than Stand-Alone Interventions (Ghana, GUP) -- Figure 5.5 Bundling Cash Grants, Training, and Group Formation (Uganda, WINGS) -- Figure 5.6 Layering Regular Cash Transfers with Livelihood Interventions (Nicaragua, Atención a Crisis) -- Figure 5.7 Bundling Public Works Programs with Other Livelihood Interventions (Côte d'Ivoire, PEJEDEC) -- Figure 5.8 Participant Trajectories in Time-Bound Economic Inclusion Programs -- Figure 5.9 Factors That Mediate Program Impact -- Figure 5.10 Impact of Similar Programs Can Vary Substantially in Different Contexts: Evidence from the CGAP-Ford Foundation Classic Graduation Pilot Projects -- Figure 6.1 Sample Program Percentage Cost Structure -- Figure B6.2.1 Per Capita Program Costs by Components -- Figure 6.2 Overall Price Tags for Economic Inclusion Programs, Surveyed Countries ( PPP) -- Figure 6.3 Largest Cost Component as a Percentage of Total Cost, Selected Programs -- Figure 6.4 Delivery and Staff Costs as a Percentage of Total Costs, Largest Cost Component versus Multiple Cost Component Programs, All Surveyed Programs, and Government-Led Programs -- Figure CS1.1 Delivery of Productive Measures by a Combination of SSN Agency Staff, Trainers, and Community Volunteers: Niger -- Figure CS1.2 Contracting or Coordinating with NGOs to Deliver the Productive Measures: Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Senegal.
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Figure CS2.1 JEEViKA Core Services Channeled through Various Levels of Groups and Organizations in the Community.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 1-4648-1598-4
Language:
English
URL:
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