UID:
edocfu_9959276157702883
Format:
xix, 445 p. :
,
ill., maps.
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
0-8166-5701-7
Content:
Professors Bakuzis and Hansen, with the assistance of a number of co-authors of individual chapters, present an exhaustive survey of the literature on the balsam fir, providing a coherent picture of the species and its place in nature and forestry practic.
Note:
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
,
Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- 1. BOTANICAL FOUNDATIONS -- Taxonomy and Cytology -- Historical Records and Nomenclature -- Taxonomic Units and Identification -- Cytology -- Life Cycle, Morphology, and Anatomy -- Life Cycle -- General Morphological Description -- Leaf Anatomy -- Wood Anatomy -- Bark Anatomy -- Physiology and Genetics -- Photosynthesis and Respiration -- Vegetative Growth -- Flowering and Seed Production -- Phenology -- Growth Correlations -- Genetic Variability and Tree Breeding -- Hybridization -- Vegetative Propagation -- Conclusions -- 2. GEOGRAPHY AND SYNECOLOGY -- Distribution -- Past Distribution -- Contemporary Natural Distribution -- Distribution outside the Natural Range -- Geographical and Synecological Classification and Models -- Regional Classifications and Mapping -- Schools of Thought and the Development of Models -- Geographical and Synecological Descriptions of Regions -- The Boreal Forest Region -- The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region -- The Acadian-Appalachian Forest Region -- Conclusions -- 3. ECOLOGICAL FACTORS -- Ecological Models -- Wisconsin Models -- Saskatchewan-Manitoba Models -- New Brunswick Models -- Minnesota Models -- Climatic Factors -- Heat -- Light -- Precipitation -- Wind -- Fire -- Edaphic Factors -- Physical Properties of Soil -- Chemical Properties of Soil -- Wildlife: A Biotic Factor -- General Ecological and Taxonomic Problems, -- Moose and Woodland Caribou -- White-Tailed Deer -- Hares -- Mice -- Red Squirrels -- Beaver -- Porcupine -- Bear -- Grouse -- Other Birds -- Conclusions -- 4. MICROBIOLOGY -- Microorganisms Involved -- Miscellaneous Microorganisms -- Fungi Associated with Balsam Fir -- Fungi Involved in Symbiotic and Other Relationships -- Seedling and Sapling Diseases -- Young Seedling Diseases -- Needle Casts and Blights -- Rusts -- Cankers -- Decay -- Decay of Living Trees.
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Decay of Injured, Dead, and Down Trees, and Wood Products -- Descriptions of the Principal Heart Rot Fungi -- Conclusions -- 5. ENTOMOLOGY -- Taxonomic and Ecological Problems -- Taxonomic Survey -- General Ecological Relationships -- Spruce Budworm -- Historical Records -- Bionomics -- Predators and Parasites -- Conditions Associated with Outbreaks -- Effects of Outbreaks -- Population Dynamics and Surveys -- Control -- Balsam Woolly Aphid -- Life History -- Control -- Other Associated Insects -- Primary Insects -- Secondary Insects -- Control -- Conclusions -- 6. REPRODUCTION -- Seed and Seedbeds -- Seed Characteristics and Procurement -- Seedbeds and Seedling Survival -- Reproduction Methods -- Advance and Subsequent Reproduction -- Reproduction Cuts -- Effect of Logging on Reproduction -- Promotion of Natural Reproduction -- Seeding and Planting -- Regional Problems -- Boreal Forest Region -- Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region -- Acadian-Appalachian Forest Region -- Conclusions -- 7. STAND DEVELOPMENT -- Virgin Conditions and Natural Disturbances -- Undisturbed Virgin Conditions -- Natural Disturbances -- Cleaning -- Competition in Seedling and Sapling Stages -- Mechanical Control of Competing Vegetation -- Chemical Control of Competing Vegetation -- Thinning -- Stand Structure -- Thinning in One-Storied Stands -- Thinning in Two-Storied Stands -- Girdling -- Chemical Thinning -- Clearcutting and Partial Cutting -- Clearcutting -- Release and Exposure -- Cutting Cycle -- Selective Cutting of Conifers -- Cut of Conifers and Hardwoods -- Conclusions -- 8. GROWTH AND YIELD -- Tree Form, Tree Volume, and Stand Volume -- Stem Form -- Stem Volume -- Use of Aerial Photographs -- Unused and Defective Material -- Yield Tables -- Measurement of Site -- Normal Yield Tables -- Special-Use Yield Tables -- Regional Growth and Yield Data.
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Area Distribution -- Growing Stock -- Yield and Growth per Acre -- Conclusions -- 9. UTILIZATION -- Wood Properties -- Physical Properties -- Mechanical Properties -- Chemical Composition -- Pulping Properties -- Groundwood or Mechanical Pulping -- Chemical Pulping -- Semichemical Pulping -- Lumber and Pulpwood Products -- Harvest and Procurement -- Lumber -- Pulpwood -- Minor Products -- Bark Properties and Uses -- Canada Balsam -- Needle Oils -- Miscellaneous Uses and Values -- Christmas Trees -- Ornamental and Recreational Use -- Conclusions -- APPENDIX I. A TENTATIVE LIST OF MYXOMYCETES AND FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH BALSAM FIR -- APPENDIX II. A TENTATIVE LIST OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH BALSAM FIR -- LITERATURE CITED -- INDEX -- PART I. GENERAL -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- PART II. SPECIES -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- PART III. COMMUNITIES -- A -- B -- C -- D -- F -- G -- H -- J -- K -- L -- M -- O -- P -- R -- S -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- PART IV. LOCALITIES -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.
,
English
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0-8166-0353-7
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0-8166-6128-6
Language:
English
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